Ôn tập HKII.(Lí thuyết-hot)

Au Co Secondary School Revision for the 2 nd examination - English 9 GRAMMAR I. Adjectives: 1. Adj. can come in two places in a sentence. Adj. + N : a beautiful girl, careful drives V + adj.: (Verbs: be, look, seem, appear, feel, find, taste, sound, smell ) E.g.: You seem happy. 2. Adjective clauses: S + be + Adjective + that clause (S + V) That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid, angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, happy, graceful, helpful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong E.g.: Im disappointed that people have spoiled this area. II. Adverbs of manner: Adjective + ly Safe Careful Happy wide Safely Carefully Happily widely Some adjectives and adverbs are the same: hard, fast, early, late, far Hardly (hau nhử khoõng), lately (recently), mostly (chuỷ yeỏu laứ) are not adverbs of manner. Adverbs normally go after the direct object. E.g.:- I read the letter carefully. - She worked slowly. III. Adverb clauses 1.Adverb clauses of result with: so, therefore, consequently E.g.:- Plastic bags are very hard to dissolver, so they will cause pollution. - I stayed up late watching TV, therefore, Im tired now. 2.Adverb clauses of reason with: because, since, as E.g.: - Because/ Since/ As pollution is something that other folk do, were just enjoying our day. - Unfortunately my company does not produce recycle paper since/ because/ as it is more expensive to make than regular paper. 3. Adverb clauses of concession with though/ although/ even though E.g.: Thu Ha is not satisfied with her preparation for Tet, although/ even though/ though she has decorated her house and made a plenty of cakes. IV. Conditional sentences Hanh Pham-1- Au Co Secondary School Revision for the 2 nd examination - English 9 Type If - clause Main clause I: Real condition S + V (present simple) S + will/shall + inf. Can/ should/ must + inf. II: Unreal condition in the present / future S + V (past simple ) S + would/ could/ might + inf. E.g.: - If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants will die. - If you saw a UFO, what would you do? V. Relative clause: • Relative pronouns: who/which/ that: relative pronouns, used to replace the pronouns /nouns - Who → used for people. - Which → used for thing. - That → replacing who or which in defining relative clauses + being used after the superlative, all, first, last, all, anything, everyone somebody, nobody E.g. 1. Linda is the girl who/ that is giving her Mom a gift. 2. The shoes which/ that Linda is wearing are red. 3. The man and his dog that are sitting behind me came here from France. 4. There is nobody that was invited in the party. • Types of relative clauses: Defining and non-defining @ - Defining relative clauses: Examples: - Tornadoes are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below a thunderstorm. - The typhoon damaged the water pipes which supply our home.  Not using commas before and after a defining clause. @ - Non-defining relative clauses: Examples: - It snowed in Lang Son, which is on the Ky Cung River, in the winter of 2002. - Pompeii, which is an ancient city of Italy, was completely destroyed in A.D. 79 by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius.  Add commas to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the sentence.  That is not used to replace who or which in Non-defining relative clauses. VI. Modal verbs. Hanh Pham-2- Au Co Secondary School Revision for the 2 nd examination - English 9 - There may be a power cut. - There must be having heavy rain or strong winds. VII. Connectives - and, but, or: connecting words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence - and, but, or, so, because, however, although, therefore,…: connecting two independent clauses @ Group “and”: As well (as), Furthermore/ moreover, Besides, In addition, Not only … but also @ Group “but”: However, Yet, Nevertheless, though/ although, on the other hand @ Group “so”: therefore, consequently, as a result @ Group “because”: for, as, since Structures I. Making suggestions: S + suggest(s) doing sth (that) + S + should do sth -Đề nghò, đề xuất, gợi ý làm gì -Đề nghò (rằng) ai đó nên làm gì Examples: - I suggest giving lessons to poor children. - I suggest (that) you should speak English in class to improve your English. II. Phrasal verbs (Verb + preposition)  Some phrasal verbs  bring back  belong to  carry out  consist of  come out  come over  come down  depend on  dream about  look for  look after  listen to  turn off/ on / up/ down  talk to  put off: delay  put on =/= take off  wait for  give up  go on/ keep on ….  Hanh Pham-3- must ought to should can/ could may might might + inf. Au Co Secondary School Revision for the 2 nd examination - English 9 Separable (Verb + O + preposition) Inseparable (Verb + preposition + O) - turn on =/= turn off - put on =/= take off - put away - put off - throw away - wake up - pay back … - look at - look for - look after - look out - look up/ down - go on - listen to - wait for … Examples: - If we go on wasting water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few decades. - Would you mind if I I turned the TV on?  Some other structures: - too + Adj./ Adv + (for sb) + to – inf. - Adj./ Adv + enough + (for sb) + to – inf. - So + Adj./ Adv + that + clause (S + V) - To look forward to + V-ing (form sb) - Let sb do sth = get/ have/ make sb do st. - Have sth done (by sb)/ to be made to do sth - It + (take) + sb + (how long) to do sth - To find sb/ sth + Adj. + to do sth = to have (no) difficulty (in) doing sth - It’s time (for sb) to do sth ~ + S + V (past form) - … : quá ntn (đối với ai) không thể làm gì : đủ ntn (đối với ai) để làm gì … : quá ntn đến nỗi mà … : mong đợi (ai) làm gi (hân hoan) : để ai làm gì / khiến ai làm gì : việc gì/ điều gì được yêu cầu làm : ai đó làm việc gì mất bao lâu : (không) gặp khó khăn khi làm việc gì : đã đến giờ (ai đó) làm gì Hanh Pham-4- . (in) doing sth - It’s time (for sb) to do sth ~ + S + V (past form) - … : quá ntn (đối với ai) không thể làm gì : đủ ntn (đối với ai) để làm gì … : quá ntn đến nỗi mà … : mong đợi (ai) làm gi. làm gì / khiến ai làm gì : việc gì/ điều gì được yêu cầu làm : ai đó làm việc gì mất bao lâu : (không) gặp khó khăn khi làm việc gì : đã đến giờ (ai đó) làm gì Hanh Pham-4-