Adjectives of attitude or adjectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ Các tính từ chỉ thái độ hoặc các tính từ tận cùng bằng đuôi –Ing hoặc – ed.. a Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed đư
Trang 1Unit 13. FILMS AND CINEMA
1 Adjectives of attitude
2 It is/ was not untill …that …
3 a/an and the.
A Adjectives of attitude or adjectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ (Các tính từ chỉ thái độ hoặc các tính từ tận cùng bằng đuôi –Ing hoặc – ed.
a) Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed được dùng như một tính từ, chúng có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng thì khác nhau Cụ thể:
* Tính từ ‘ –ing ‘ thường có ý nghĩa “ gây ra” (thường dùng cho vật hoặc sự việc)
* Tính từ ‘ –ed’ thường có ý nghĩa là “bị/ được” (thường dùng cho người)
Ví dụ:- Learning English is interesting.
- Many students are interested in learning English
b) Một số tính từ tận cùng “-ing” và “-ed” thường gặp:
V ADJ Nghĩa của từ
- confuse confusing/ confused khó hiểu/ rối trí
- disappoint disappointing/ disappointed thất vọng
- fascinate fascinating/fascinated hấp dẫn
- frighten frightening/ frightened sợ hãi
- interest interesting/ interested thú vị
- surprise surprising/ surprised ngạc nhiên
B It is/ was not untill …that …( cho mãi đến khi/ cho đến tận khi).
Untill – được dùng như một giới từ hoặc một liên từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Ví dụ: - she didn’t get home untill 2 a.m
* Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc: “It is / was not until … that …” có nghĩa tương
tự, nhưng có phần nhấn mạnh hơn
Ví dụ : - It was not untill 2 a.m that she got home.
(Mãi đến 2h sáng cô ấy mới về nhà).
* Chú ý: - “ It is / was not until …” phải nối với mệnh đề theo sau bằng THAT không
dùng WHEN.
Ví dụ: - It was not until 1990 that she got married → Right
- It was not until 1990 when she got married → Wrong
C Articles: “ a/ an and the”
a) Cách dùng A/ AN.
* “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one).
- “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm
Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher,…
- “A” được dùng trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng “u” nhưng phát âm là /ju:/
Ví dụ : a university, a uniform ,
Trang 2- “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i).
Ví dụ: - an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job,…
=> “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là không chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật
nào.
Ví dụ: - There was a big tree in the garden
- “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp.
Ví dụ: - My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife
b) Cách dùng “The”
- “The” – có thể dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều:
the water, the pollution, the child,…
- “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nói và
người nghe đều biết.
Ví dụ: - Please! Turn down the television.
- “The” – được dùng với danh từ có ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên không thể
nhầm lẫn).
Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President,…
- “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhóm người (Unit 4)
Ví dụ: - The poor, the old, the homeless,…
- “The” – dùng trước tên sông, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo.
Ví dụ: - Sông: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi,…
- Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean,…
- Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal,…
- Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps,…
- Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands,…
* Chú ý: Không dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi,
một hòn đảo.
Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand,…
- Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi,…
- Châu lục: Asia, Europe,…
- Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji,…
- Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island,…
- “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đó gồm một tập hợp
nhiều từ, hoặc có ý nghĩa số nhiều
Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic,…
- “The” được dùng trong câu so sánh nhất
Ví dụ : He is the best student in my class
c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”.
Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đó lần đầu, nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đó lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”.
Ví dụ: - I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning
- The man was blind and the dog was leading him
Exercise:
I Comeplete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in brackets.
1 The book I’m reading is really _ (Interest)
2 I’m really in reading this book (Interest)
3 The girl was about her coming birthday party (Excite)
4 The match we saw on TV last night was very (Excite)
5 The story I just finished had a very ending (Surprise)
Trang 36 I was really by the ending of the story (Surprise)
7 The characters in the story are _ (Fascinate)
8 The child is really by the characters in the story (Facsinate)
9 I’m _ I can’t understand the instructions on this box (Confuse)
10 The instructions on the box are _ (Confuse)
II Rewrite the following sentences, using “It was not untill … that…”
1 I didn’t finish the report until midnight
→ It was not until………
2 The manager didn’t return from his holiday untill Monday
→ It was not until………
3 She didn’t answer his phone call until he had phoned her the third time
→ It was not until………
4 They didn’t buy the house until the bank had lent them the money
→ It was not until………
5 Denise didn’t know the truth until we had told her
→ It was not until………
6 The work on the new bridge wasn’t completed until the end of 2004
→ It was not until………
7 Julia didn’t notice me untill I had shouted to her
→ It was not until………
8 Olivia didn’t leave the office until everybody had gone home
→ It was not until………
9 No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
→ It was not until……… 10.She wasn't allowed to open her presents until her birthday
→ It was not untill……… 11.We didn't have any holiday until last summer
→ It was not until………
12 She didn't stop learning German until the age of 24
→ It was not until………
13 I couldn't finish my project until Mark helped me
→ It was not until………
14 I didn't sleep until midnight
→ It was not until………
15 They didn't pay the bill until the electricity was cut off
→ It was not until………
16 I couldn't comment further until I had all the information
→ It was not until………
III Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1 It was not until she was twenty – nine that Paula decided to get married
→ Paula ………
2 It was not until the sun had risen that I woke up
→ I ………
3 It was not until I had showed it to him that Simon realized his mistake
→ Simon ………
4 It was not until the spring came that the ice on the lake thawed
→ The ice ………
5 It was not until the building was almost burned down that the firemen arrived
→ The firemen ………
Trang 46 It was not until it had stopped raining that we left the party.
→ We ………
7 It was not until all the shops had closed that Isabel decided to go shopping
→ Isabel ………
8 It was not until the robbers had gone that the police came to the scene
→ The police ………
IV Put in “a”, “an” or “the” in each blank.
1 How far is it from here to airport?
2 “What’s _ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”
3 My father works in office _ city center
4 _ earth is _ planet of _ solar system
5 She was born in _ village in _ north of England
6 _ village where she was born has beautiful river
7 Who is _ best singer in United Kingdom?
8 Can you switch off _ television? Nobody’s watching it
9 He felt bored with woman who sat beside him at the party
10 The ship was crossing Atlantic Ocean when it hit _ huge iceberg
11 Mount Everest is hightest mountain in _ world
12 _ Mississppi River flows through several states of United States
13 My grandparents live in _ old house in _ south of Dong Nai provice There is large garden behind _ house They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in _ garden
14 There was _ accident near my house this morning _ taxi crashed into lamp post _ taxi was damaged, but driver of taxi was not hurt
15 This morning I had _ sandwich and _ cup of coffee for breakfast sandwich was OK, but _ coffee was terrible
(Key:1.the2.the3.an/the4.the/a/the5.a/the6.the/a7.the/the8.the9.the.10.the/a11.the/ the12.the/the13.an/the/a/the/the14.an/a/a/the/the/the15.a/a/the/the.)
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