Version Control 1. Go to http://www.march-hare.com/cvsnt to download this package. After you download CVSNT, run the installer. The installer will guide you through the installation process. Accept the recommended installation suggestions and recommended location. Make a note of where the software was installed because we might need to access this in the next step. You will have to restart your machine after the installation. 2. Launch the CVSNT Control Panel. The installer should have created a shortcut to the CVSNT Control Panel in your Start menu and Desktop. Double-click on this. If these shortcuts were not installed, go to the folder where CVSNT was installed and double-click on the file named cvsnt.cpl. You will be greeted with the CVSNT welcome screen: Immediately we can see that the CVSNT service is up and running. In future, to start or stop CVSNT, you can come back to this screen and use the Start and Stop buttons. 3. Create a repository. Click on the Repository configuration tab. This tab lists all the repositories on your machine. Unless you have special needs for security and permissions, you typically need just one repository. All your applications will reside as projects underneath that repository. 160 Chapter 7 Click on the Add button to add a repository. This will take you to a dialog box to enter your repository settings. 4. Enter your repository settings. Most importantly, you will specify a location for the repository. In this example we place it on the C: drive, but you can place it just about anywhere that is not being used for anything else. When you type the location path, or use the Browse button to specify the location, CVSNT will automatically populate the name of the repository. Notice that the name is basically the path to the repository, but without the drive letter. This is because CVS was originally a UNIX program, where drive letters do not exist. In UNIX, to refer to a repository, we use the directory path. For compatibility with client programs and the CVS protocol, we use the name to refer to the repository in CVSNT. 161 Version Control Enter a description for the directory. If this repository is the only repository on this workstation, click the Default Repository checkbox. Otherwise, you can accept the default settings. 5. Create the repository directory if necessary. After you click the OK button, CVSNT will try to create the CVSROOT directory and all necessary meta-files in the repository directory. If the repository directory does not exist, CVSNT will prompt you on whether it should create the directory. Click Yes to accept the option: Once this is done, you can see that the repository has been added to the list of available repositories. Click OK to exit this screen: 6. Add yourself as a pserver user. In CVS, we have several options to connect to the server. pserver was one of the first methods and still commonly used. SSH is very popular due to the need for security. For CVSNT, we will use pserver to connect to the server because we would have to do additional installations and configurations under Windows for SSH. If you do decide to eventually set up a CVS server, be aware of the security issues with pserver. While very flexible and compatible, it does not offer very tough security. One example is that it keeps its own user and password list. While this can give you better control, it's also not hard to decrypt. To add 162 Chapter 7 yourself as a pserver user, drop into the command prompt in Windows. Use the passwd command to enter yourself. You must have a real Windows account on the machine, and you must use this name after the –r flag. This –r flag denotes an alias to a real system user name. This is very important, especially if your login name is just an alias to the administrator account. The –a flag tells CVS to add the user name. For simplicity, we keep this the same as what we entered for the –r flag. C:\Documents and Settings\Shu> cvs passwd –r shu –a shu Adding user shu New Password: Verify Password: C:\Documents and Settings\Shu> After you enter a user name, you will be prompted to enter and verify a password. That's it for installing and configuring a CVS server under Windows. You can go ahead and skip to the discussion on The CVS Repository Perspective. Macintosh Installation The easiest way to install and configure CVS on a Macintosh is to install the Apple XCode Developer Tools . These tools include a CVS server. When XCode is installed, the CVS package is automatically configured and runs at startup. To get XCode, visit http://developer.apple.com. You will have to register as an Apple developer. The free, basic level of membership allows you to download XCode for free. After you download XCode, just run the installation package to install the CVS Server. The installation also includes goodies not part of the standard OS X installation, including the XCode IDE for Mac OS X development, Ruby, and Python. The drawback to this method is that the version of CVS shipped before Tiger (Mac OS X 10.4) is a bit dated. Some of the more advanced features of Eclipse's version synchronization tools do not work. However, this version is more than adequate to do basic check-in/check-out of files. If you want all the team synchronization features, you will need to compile your own version of CVS or use Mac OS X 10.4 or later. Linux Installation CVS was originally a UNIX software package. Thus, it runs natively and is common in the Linux world. Your distribution should include an option to install and configure CVS automatically. If your distribution classifies the types of software it has available, check under development tools for CVS. If it does not include CVS, consult the CVS site or a book on CVS to install from source. Macintosh and Linux Configuration Under Macintosh and Linux, we have the luxury of using the SSH protocol to connect to CVS. This gives us better security with less user configuration. The drawback is that we do not have a GUI to create and initialize the server for us. We will have to do this by hand. 163 Version Control 164 Drop into the command line and enter the following commands. We are assuming that you have root privileges when you enter these commands. 1. Decide on a cvsroot directory location. First and foremost, we need to specify a location for our repository. Often, this will be a place that can be a mount point in its own partition or drive, but it can be any location as long as the directory is not used for anything else. If necessary, create this directory: Buttercup:/Users/shuchow root# mkdir /var/lib/cvsroot 2. Initialize the repository directory. Next, we need to initialize the cvsroot. This marks the directory as an official CVS repository and places the CVSROOT directory under it. Be aware that you definitely need to have root privileges for this command to work. It is not enough just to have write permissions on the directory. Buttercup:/Users/shuchow root# cvs -d /var/lib/cvsroot init The –d parameter tells CVS where the cvsroot repository is. Sometimes you'll see documentation telling you to set an environment variable called CVSROOT with the value of the path to cvsroot. This is to let you skip the –d flag when entering command-line commands. Since we did not set the environment variable, we will have to pass the directory path. The init command tells CVS to initialize this directory as a cvsroot directory. CVS will send you a confirmation message that the directory has been initialized. cvs init: Repository /var/lib/cvsroot initialized 3. Change the owner of the repository directories to yourself. We are now going to pass ownership of the cvsroot directory back to ourselves, and make sure all subdirectories have the same permissions. Note that this is a shortcut we're taking so that our login can access cvsroot. Replace 'shuchow' with your account name. Buttercup:/Users/shuchow root# chown -R shuchow cvsroot Buttercup:/Users/shuchow root# chmod u+s cvsroot CVS is now set up and we're ready to store some source code. The CVS Repository Perspective Eclipse manages CVS functionality in the CVS Repository perspective. The perspective is made up of four views: • CVS Repositories manages all the repositories you use. • CVS Annotate gives you information about a file. • CVS Resource History shows you when a version of a file was added, who added it, and the changes that were made. • CVS Editors shows you who saved, or committed, the file to the repository and when it was done. To get a better understanding of what these views do, we should have an example to work with in the repository. To do this, let's configure Eclipse to use the local repository we just initialized, and upload our ShelterSite project into CVS. Chapter 7 Adding a Repository To add a repository, open the CVS Repositories view of the CVS Repository perspective. By default, it should appear where the Navigator is on the left side of the Workbench. Right-click in the CVS Repositories pane and select New | Repository Location… You can also click the Add CVS Repository icon ( ) in the toolbar. You will be presented with the Add CVS Repository wizard. This screenshot is that of an SSH-type connection: 165 Version Control The first section asks about location. We're going to put localhost in the Host field and the path we declared to be cvsroot in the Repository path field. If you are using a remote CVS server, ask the server administrator what these settings are. If you look further down to Connection, you'll see that we're using extssh as the Connection Type. This is an SSH-style connection. This means that we will basically log into the machine using our regular account. We will need to enter our account details in the User and Password fields. If you are using the pserver connection method, you may have a separate login account for CVS. If you have been following along with our example under Windows, your dialog box should look like the one above. Note that we use the name of the repository, not the path to the repository itself ( C:/cvsroot), in the Repository path field. Remember this is because CVSNT creates an alias from the UNIX-style directory path (which does not have a drive letter) to the Windows-style directory path for compatibility. Click on the Finish button to add this repository. Your repository should now be added under the CVS Repositories view. If you expand the directory tree, you will see all of the available projects underneath the repository. The directory tree is separated into the Head trunk and Branches. 166 Chapter 7 Expand the Head trunk to see the available projects in Head. So far, there should be only one— CVSROOT, and that is because by default, it is a directory underneath C:/cvsroot. Expand CVSROOT and you'll see the files available underneath the project: Adding a Project to CVS CVSROOT is interesting, but we really shouldn't play with these files. We should add our own project, ShelterSite, into CVS and use it as part of our development process. Remember, CVSROOT (all uppercase) is the project's CVS metadata directory. T cvsroot (all lowercase) is the root directory for CVS, where all the source files are stored. To do this, we must first create a directory under cvsroot for our project. This will register our application as a project when Eclipse connects to it. You can name this directory anything you wish, but for simplicity's sake, it should at least be related to the project name in Eclipse, if not exactly the same. Next, go back into the PHP perspective or Resource perspective. In the Navigator view, right-click on the name of the project, ShelterSite, and select Team | Share Project…; you will be taken to the first part of the Share Project wizard. The Team menu item is where Eclipse keeps all of the CVS commands. This option will be used frequently in this chapter. 167 Version Control Select CVS from the options available and click on the Next button. If you have any other versioning system plug-ins installed, such as the Subversion plug-in that comes with PHPEclipse, they will be available here. Next, select the repository that you wish to use. This list is populated from your list of repositories in the CVS Repositories view. You can select one of the repositories available here, or you can select Create a new repository location to drop into the Add Repository wizard. Select the repository that we have set up. Click on the Next button to continue. In this step, we select the name with which we want to store the application in CVS. If you named the CVS project directory the same as the Eclipse project name, you can select the first option. If you gave the directory a different name, you can select Use specified module name and specify 168 Chapter 7 this existing directory. To browse through the available projects in CVS, select Use an existing module . You will be presented with a list of available directories under cvsroot. Eclipse will then ask you whether you want to check this into the Head trunk or a branch. Since this is the only copy of the source code right now, it will act as the master copy. Merge it into the Head. Click Next to do a final preview of your source code. 169 . the Next button. If you have any other versioning system plug-ins installed, such as the Subversion plug-in that comes with PHPEclipse, they will be available here. Next, select the repository. the PHP perspective or Resource perspective. In the Navigator view, right-click on the name of the project, ShelterSite, and select Team | Share Project…; you will be taken to the first part. of the more advanced features of Eclipse& apos;s version synchronization tools do not work. However, this version is more than adequate to do basic check-in/check-out of files. If you want all