Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P2 pptx

)UTZKTZY 6XKLGIK^\OO 1 /TZXUJ[IZOUTZUIUSS[TOIGZOUTY  1.1 Data communications 1 1.2 Transmitters, receivers and communication channels 2  /TZKXLGIKYZGTJGXJY   )UJOTM   6XUZUIURY   9USKIUSSUTR_[YKJIUSS[TOIGZOUTYVXUZUIURY  1.3 Types of communication channels 4  'TGRUMIUSS[TOIGZOUTINGTTKRY  1.4 Communications channel properties 4  9OMTGRGZZKT[GZOUT   )NGTTKRHGTJ]OJZN   4UOYK  1.5 Data transmission modes 8  *OXKIZOUTULYOMTGRLRU]   9_TINXUTO`GZOUTULJOMOZGRJGZGYOMTGRY   'Y_TINXUTU[YZXGTYSOYYOUT   9_TINXUTU[YZXGTYSOYYOUT  1.6 Encoding methods 12  3GTINKYZKX   *OLLKXKTZOGR3GTINKYZKX   8@XKZ[XTZU`KXU   48@TUTXKZ[XTZU`KXU   32:   ((  1.7 Error detection 14  )_IROIXKJ[TJGTI_INKIQ)8)  2 4KZ]UXQOTML[TJGSKTZGRY  2.1 Overview 15 2.2 Network communication 16  )OXI[OZY]OZINOTM   6GIQKZY]OZINOTM   *GZGMXGSYGTJ\OXZ[GRIOXI[OZY  2.3 Types of networks 18  2UIGRGXKGTKZ]UXQY2'4Y   =OJKGXKGTKZ]UXQY='4Y   3KZXUVUROZGTGXKGTKZ]UXQY3'4Y  vi Contents  )U[VROTMXGZOU   <OXZ[GRVXO\GZKTKZ]UXQY<64Y  2.4 The open systems interconnection model 20  5VKTGTJIRUYKJY_YZKSY   :NKUVKTY_YZKSYOTZKXIUTTKIZOUTXKLKXKTIKSUJKR59/SUJKR   59/RG_KXYKX\OIKY   'VVROIGZOUTRG_KX   6XKYKTZGZOUTRG_KX   9KYYOUTRG_KX   :XGTYVUXZRG_KX   4KZ]UXQRG_KX   *GZGROTQRG_KX   6N_YOIGRRG_KX  2.5 Interoperability and internetworking 28 2.6 Protocols and protocol standards 30 2.7 IEEE/ISO standards 31 2.8 Network topologies 33  (XUGJIGYZGTJVUOTZZUVUOTZZUVURUMOKY   2UMOIGRGTJVN_YOIGRZUVURUMOKY  2.9 Bus topology 35 2.10 Star topology 36 2.11 Ring topology 36 2.12 Other types of topology 38  9ZGX]OXKJXOTMZUVURUM_   *OYZXOH[ZKJYZGXZUVURUM_   3KYNZUVURUM_   :XKKZUVURUM_  2.13 Media access methods 40  )UTZKTZOUTY_YZKSY   :UQKTVGYYOTM   6URROTM  3 +ZNKXTKZTKZ]UXQY  3.1 IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (‘Ethernet’) 43 3.2 Physical layer 44  (GYKY_YZKSY   (GYKY_YZKSY   (GYK:   (GYK,   (XUGJ   (GYK  3.3 Signaling methods 50 3.4 Medium access control 50 Contents vii 3.5 Frame transmission 51 3.6 Frame reception 51 3.7 Collisions 52 3.8 MAC frame format 53 3.9 Difference between 802.3 and Ethernet 55 3.10 Reducing collisions 55 3.11 Ethernet design rules 55  2KTMZNULZNKIGHRKYKMSKTZ   3G^OS[SZXGTYIKO\KXIGHRKRKTMZN   4UJKVRGIKSKTZX[RKY   3G^OS[SZXGTYSOYYOUTVGZN   3G^OS[STKZ]UXQYO`K   8KVKGZKXX[RKY   )GHRKY_YZKSMXU[TJOTM  4 ,GYZGTJMOMGHOZ+ZNKXTKZY_YZKSY  4.1 Achieving higher speed 59  )GHROTMROSOZGZOUTY  4.2 100Base-T (100Base-TX, -T4, -FX, -T2) 60  /+++[(GYK:YZGTJGXJYGXXGTMKSKTZ   6N_YOIGRSKJO[SOTJKVKTJKTZ6.?Y[HRG_KX   (GYK:>GTJ,>VN_YOIGRSKJOGJKVKTJKTZ63*Y[HRG_KX   (GYK:VN_YOIGRSKJOGJKVKTJKTZ63*Y[HRG_KX   (GYK:   (GYK:N[HY   (GYK:GJGVZKXY  4.3 Fast Ethernet design considerations 65  ;:6IGHROTMJOYZGTIKY(GYK:>:   ,OHKXUVZOIIGHRKJOYZGTIKY(GYK,>   (GYK:XKVKGZKXX[RKY   9GSVRKIGRI[RGZOUT  4.4 Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-T 67  -OMGHOZ+ZNKXTKZY[SSGX_   -OMGHOZ+ZNKXTKZ3')RG_KX   6N_YOIGRSKJO[SOTJKVKTJKTZ6.?Y[HRG_KX   (GYK9>LUXNUXO`UTZGRLOHKX   (GYK2>LUX\KXZOIGRHGIQHUTKIGHROTM   (GYK)>LUXIUVVKXIGHROTM   (GYK:LUXIGZKMUX_;:6   -OMGHOZ+ZNKXTKZL[RRJ[VRK^XKVKGZKXY  4.5 Gigabit Ethernet design considerations 71  ,OHKXUVZOIIGHRKJOYZGTIKY   -OMGHOZXKVKGZKXX[RKY  viii Contents 5 /TZXUJ[IZOUTZU:)6/6  5.1 The origins of TCP/IP 74 5.2 The ARPA model vs the OSI model 75 5.3 The TCP/IP protocol suite vs the ARPA model 75 6 /TZKXTKZRG_KXVXUZUIURY  6.1 Overview 78 6.2 Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) 79  9U[XIKUL/6GJJXKYYKY   :NKV[XVUYKULZNK/6GJJXKYY   /6\GJJXKYYTUZGZOUT   4KZ]UXQ/*GTJNUYZ/*   'JJXKYYIRGYYKY   *KZKXSOTOTMZNKGJJXKYYIRGYYH_OTYVKIZOUT   4[SHKXULTKZ]UXQYGTJNUYZYVKXGJJXKYYIRGYY   9[HTKZSGYQY   9[HTKZZOTM   6XO\GZK\Y/TZKXTKZ[TOW[K/6GJJXKYYKY   )RGYYRKYYGJJXKYYOTM   )RGYYRKYYOTZKXJUSGOTXU[ZOTM)/*8   /6\NKGJKXYZX[IZ[XK   6GIQKZLXGMSKTZGZOUT  6.3 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6/IPng) 94  /TZXUJ[IZOUT   /6\U\KX\OK]   /6\NKGJKXLUXSGZ   /6\K^ZKTYOUTY   /6\GJJXKYYKY   ,RU]RGHKRY  6.4 Address resolution protocol (ARP) 103  'JJXKYYXKYUR[ZOUTIGINK   '86NKGJKX   6XU^_'86   -XGZ[OZU[Y'86  6.5 Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) 106 6.6 Internet control message protocol (ICMP) 107  /)36SKYYGMKYZX[IZ[XK   /)36GVVROIGZOUTY   9U[XIKW[KTIN   8KJOXKIZOUTSKYYGMKY   :OSKK^IKKJKJSKYYGMKY   6GXGSKZKXVXUHRKSSKYYGMKY   ;TXKGINGHRKJKYZOTGZOUT  Contents ix  /)36W[KX_SKYYGMKY  6.7 Routing protocols 114  8U[ZOTMHGYOIY   *OXKIZ\YOTJOXKIZJKRO\KX_   9ZGZOI\KXY[YJ_TGSOIXU[ZOTM   '[ZUTUSU[YY_YZKSY   /TZKXOUXK^ZKXOUXGTJMGZK]G_ZUMGZK]G_VXUZUIURY  6.8 Interior gateway protocols 117 6.9 Exterior gateway protocols (EGP’s) 120  (-6  7 .UYZZUNUYZZXGTYVUXZRG_KXVXUZUIURY  7.1 TCP (transmission control protocol) 123  (GYOIL[TIZOUTY   6UXZY   9UIQKZY   9KW[KTIKT[SHKXY   'IQTU]RKJMSKTZT[SHKXY   9ROJOTM]OTJU]Y   +YZGHROYNOTMGIUTTKIZOUT   )RUYOTMGIUTTKIZOUT   :NKV[YNUVKXGZOUT   3G^OS[SYKMSKTZYO`K   :NK:)6LXGSK  7.2 UDP (user datagram protocol) 131  (GYOIL[TIZOUTY   :NK;*6LXGSK  8 'VVROIGZOUTRG_KXVXUZUIURY  8.1 Introduction 133 8.2 File transfer protocol (FTP) 134  /TZKXTGR,:6IUSSGTJY   ,:6[YKXIUSSGTJY   'TUT_SU[Y,:6  8.3 Trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) 137  /TZXUJ[IZOUT   ,XGSKZ_VKY  8.4 TELNET (telecommunications network) 140 8.5 RLOGIN (remote login) 143 8.6 NFS (network file system) 143 8.7 DNS (domain name system) 144  4GSKXKYUR[ZOUT[YOTMNUYZYLORKY  . *GZGROTQRG_KX   6N_YOIGRRG_KX  2.5 Interoperability and internetworking 28 2.6 Protocols and protocol standards 30 2.7 IEEE/ISO standards 31 2.8 Network topologies 33  (XUGJIGYZGTJVUOTZZUVUOTZZUVURUMOKY. 3.7 Collisions 52 3.8 MAC frame format 53 3.9 Difference between 802.3 and Ethernet 55 3.10 Reducing collisions 55 3.11 Ethernet design rules 55  2KTMZNULZNKIGHRKYKMSKTZ  . Gigabit Ethernet design considerations 71  ,OHKXUVZOIIGHRKJOYZGTIKY   -OMGHOZXKVKGZKXX[RKY  viii Contents 5 /TZXUJ[IZOUTZU:)6/6  5.1 The origins of TCP/IP 74