An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 104 potx

1012 THE CONTRIBUTORS J.A.Bagley read Mathematical Physics at Birmingham University, and learnt to fly with University Air Squadron. He joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough in 1952, and was engaged in research in the Aerodynamics Department until 1976. His main field of research was concerned with subsonic and transonic flow around swept wings and with the aerodynamics of engine installations, on transport aircraft in particular. In November 1976 he joined the Science Museum, London, as the curator in charge of the Aeronautical Collection. He joined the Royal Aeronautical Society as an Associate Fellow in 1961, and was elected a Fellow in 1976. He is chairman of the Historical Group Committee of the Society. Brian Bowers is an electrical engineer with a doctorate in the history of technology. He has been a Curator in the Science Museum, London, since 1967, and was previously an Examiner in the British Patent Office. He has been Chairman of the Institution of Electrical Engineers’ History of Technology and Archives Committees, and is Editor of their History of Technology series. His publications include a biography of Charles Wheatsone, a children’s biography of Michael Faraday, and A History of Electric Light & Power. His main current research interests are in the introduction of electricity supply, especially in the home, and the relationships between T.A.Edison and electrical engineers in Britain. John Boyes has lately retired as a Principal Inspector of Factories in the Health and Safety Executive of the British Civil Service. His professional experience has led to a wide interest in technical, and particularly transport, history. As the main author of The Canals of Eastern England (1977) he was awarded the first Rolt Memorial Fellowship at Bath University. He has written and lectured extensively on local history and is a member of the editorial committee of the Victoria County History of Essex. He is a member of the Council of the Newcomen Society and editor of its Bulletin; Past President of the Essex Archaeological and Historical Congress; President of the Lea and Stort Rivers Society; committee member of the wind and watermill section of the Society THE CONTRIBUTORS 1013 for the Protection of Ancient Buildings; contributor on international waterways to waterway journals; and lecturer for, inter alia, the National Trust and the Inland Waterways Association. R.A.Buchanan is Reader in the History of Technology at the University of Bath, and Director there of the Centre for the History of Technology, Science and Society. He is the Secretary General of the International Committee for the History of Technology, and a member of the Royal Commission of Historical Monuments in England. He has written several books on technological history and industrial archaeology, including Industrial Archaeology in Britain (1972). He has recently become Director of the National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists, at the University of Bath, which is responsible for finding permanent homes in libraries and archives for the manuscript papers of eminent scientists and engineers. A.K.Corry saw war service with RAF Bomber Command, then joined the first British ‘sandwich course’ scheme set up by the Engineering Institutions and Ministry of Education. He worked as a Production Engineer in the automobile industry, subsequently taking up a post as a lecturer at the Great Yarmouth College of Further Education, eventually becoming Head of the Engineering Department. He was appointed Regional Engineer for Industrial Administration Ltd., a management consultancy company in 1961, developing group apprenticeship schemes, and became a Technical Adviser to the Minister of Labour to work on the Industrial Training Act. After a few years with Industry Training Board as a Senior Adviser, he joined the Science Museum, London, in 1972 as an Assistant Keeper. Until recently he was Deputy Keeper in the Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering with responsibility for National Collections from manufacturing industries. He is Editor of the classic Tools for the Job by L.T.C.Rolt (1986). A.S.Darling began his career as a mechanical engineer. He moved into the metallurgical industry and eventually became head of Metallurgical Research at Johnson Matthey and Co. Since that time he has been involved in high temperature alloy development at the British Ministry of Defence. He is the author of many papers and articles on metallurgical and engineering subjects and has been granted numerous Patents in this area. Lance Day was educated at London University, where he took degrees in Chemistry and in the History and Philosophy of Science. He joined the Science Museum Library, London, in 1951 and became Assistant Keeper in charge of Public Services. From 1970 to 1974 he was with the Department of THE CONTRIBUTORS 1014 Chemistry, where he was responsible for setting up the Iron and Steel Gallery, opened in 1972. In 1974 he was appointed Keeper of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Communications, where he was responsible for the first permanent exhibition in the Museum’s East Block Extension, devoted to printing and papermaking. From 1976 until his retirement in 1987 he was Keeper of the Library. He made a number of major acquisitions in developing the Library as the national reference source for the history of science and technology, and was responsible for setting up a new section for the Museum’s collections of pictures and archives. He was for many years Hon. Secretary and Member of Council of the Newcomen Society. He is the author of Broad Gauge, a Science Museum publication on the broad gauge and other rail systems. W.K.V.Gale comes from a family long employed in the iron and steel industry. He started work in an iron foundry, moved to technical journalism, and was metals editor of The Engineer from 1960 to 1972. Since 1972 he has been a free-lance writer, specialising in all aspects of iron and steel, historical and modern, and is a regular contributor to technical journals. He is a member of The Institute of Metals, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and a Past President of the Newcomen Society, the Staffordshire Iron and Steel Institute, and the Historical Metallurgy Society. He is honorary adviser on iron and steel to the Ironbridge Gorge and the Black Country Museums. He is the author of a large number of articles in technical journals and society transactions and of several books, including: The Black Country Iron Industry (1966) (2nd edition 1979), The British Iron & Steel Industry (1967), Iron and Steel (1969), The Iron & Steel Industry: A Dictionary of Terms (1971) (2nd edition 1973), Historic Industrial Scenes: Iron and Steel (1977). John Griffiths is Curator at the Science Museum, London, having responsibility for the Space Technology and Protective Clothing Collections. He was educated at University College, London, from which he has a doctorate, in Infra-red Astronomy. Richard Hills read History and Education at Cambridge, where he also began research into fen drainage history. This took him to Imperial College, London, where his thesis was published as Machines, Mills and Uncountable Costly Necessities (1967). In 1965 he moved to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology where his doctoral thesis was published as Power in the Industrial Revolution (1970). Here he started the North Western Museum of Science and Industry and collected the major exhibits now displayed at Liverpool Road Station. He has also published A Life of Richard Arkwright (1973), Beyer and Peacock: Locomotive Builders to the World (1982), Papermaking in Britain 1488–1988 (1988) and Power from Steam (1989). THE CONTRIBUTORS 1015 Ian McNeil is of the fifth generation in his family to be blacksmiths or engineers. After reading Engineering at Cambridge, his career has covered oil exploration, research into gear transmission and gear pumps, and the world- wide marketing of oil-hydraulic equipment. He is the author of Joseph Bramah: a Century of Invention and The Industrial Archaeology of Hydraulic Power. He has recently retired from the position of Executive Secretary of the Newcomen Society for the Study of the History in Technology and Engineering, based in the Science Museum, London. He is now, Rolt Research Fellow in the History of Technology at the University of Bath where he is working on a history of bellows. J.Kenneth Major is an architect whose practice specialises in the repair of old buildings and mills. He holds the qualifications of Bachelor of Architecture, Member of the Royal Institute of British Architects and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He is currently Chairman of Council of The International Molinological Society, and a member of the Committee of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings and of its Wind and Watermill Section. His published works include Fieldwork in Industrial Archaeology (1975), Victorian and Edwardian Windmills and Watermills from Old Photographs (with Martin Watts 1977), Animal-Powered Engines (1978), Animal-Powered Machines (1985) and A Pocketbook of Watermills and Windmills (1986). His repair of the 36ft-diameter waterwheel, pumps and cascade at Painshill Park in Surrey, UK was completed in December 1988 and received a Civic Trust Commendation. Charles Messenger was educated at Sandhurst and Oxford, where he read History. He was commissioned into the Royal Tank Regiment in 1961, and served as a regular army officer until 1980. He is now a freelance military historian and defence analyst. During 1982–3 he was a Research Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London, and is currently Associate Editor of Current Military Literature and military consultant to a number of publishers. Among his many published works are The Art of Blitzkrieg (1976), Bomber Harris and the Strategic Bombing Offensive 1939–45 (1984), The Commandos 1940–1946 (1985) and Hitler’s Gladiator (1987), a biography of SS General Dietrich. Herbert Ohlman has a BS degree in physics from Syracuse University and an MS in computer science from Washington University in St. Louis. He was a staff member of several multinational corporations and non-profit organisations in the United States until 1972, when he joined the World Health Organization. Since 1980, he has been an independent consultant in microcomputing and communications based in Geneva. He is the inventor of permutation indexing, one of the first mechanized indexing systems, and the author of articles in information science and technology, particularly applied to health, education and library systems. He was the founding chairman of the THE CONTRIBUTORS 1016 Special Interest Group on Education for Information Science of the American Society for Information Science, and a Chairman of the Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval of the Association for Computing Machinery. Andrew Patterson was educated at Haileybury, and London University’s Wye College of Agriculture. He farmed in West Wales between 1973 and 1979, earning little, but learning much. He joined the Science Museum, London, in January 1980 as Research Assistant to the Agricultural Collection, and was promoted to Assistant Keeper with responsibility for the collection in October 1983. In 1986 he joined the Yorkshire Museum of Farming as Keeper of Social and Agricultural History with additional responsibility for the collections at the Upper Dales Folk Museum at Hawes. He is a Founder Member and Vice-Chairman of the Historic Farm Buildings Group, established to co-ordinate recording, and increase awareness of this fast-altering historic resource. A.W.H.Pearsall read History at Cambridge University, then saw service in the Royal Navy 1944–7, joined the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK first as Research Assistant, then as Custodian of Manuscripts, and subsequently as Historian. He is Vice-President of the Navy Records Society and member of the Publications Committee, member of the Committee of the Fortress Study Group and of the Association of British Transport Museums, and formerly member of Council of Society of Archivists. His Publications include North Irish Channel Services (1962) and Steam enters the North Sea in Arne BangAndersen et al. The North Sea (1985). P.J.G.Ransom has been studying the history of railways for forty years and writing about it for more than twenty. His books include The Victorian Railway and How it Evolved (1989), Scottish Steam Today (1989), The Archaeology of the Transport Revolution 1750–1850 (1984), The Archaeology of Railways (1981), and Railways Revived (an account of preserved steam railways) (1973). He has been actively involved in railway preservation since the early days of the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society in the 1950s. He was for some years on Board of the Festiniog Railway Society Ltd., and is currently on the council of the Association of the Railway Preservation Societies. E.F.C.Somerscales read engineering at the University of London, received his doctorate from Cornell University in 1965, and is currently Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. He is the chairman of the History and Heritage Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and has written a dozen papers on the history of mechanical engineering. In addition to the history of engineering, his teaching and research interests are in the areas of heat transfer THE CONTRIBUTORS 1017 and fluid mechanics, and he is currently involved in research on the corrosion and fouling of heat transfer surfaces. In 1988 he received the Bengough Medal from the Institute of Metals. He has over 30 publications on various aspects of heat transfer, and was the co-editor of Fouling of Heat Transfer Equipment (1981). Doreen Yarwood is a professional author and artist, specialising in the history of architecture and design, including costume and interior decoration, in Europe and the United States over the last 3000 years. Trained in art and design, until 1948 she lectured in a number of institutions and in the Women’s Royal Air Force. Subsequently she turned to writing full-time and has published 19 books—including The Architecture of Europe (4 vols., 1974 and 1990), Encyclopedia of Architecture (1985) and Science and the Home (1987). Doreen Yarwood currently divides her time between new publishing projects and her position as an extra-mural lecturer for the universities of Sussex, Surrey and London. 1018 Abernathy, James 242 Abruzzo, Ben L. 613 Abt, Roman 584 Ackermann, Rudolph 449, 678 Adam, Robert 871, 916 Adams, Robert 985 Adams, W.Bridges 580 Adamson, D. 286 Adamson, Robert 733 Ader, Clément 620 Aeschylus 69, 388 Agricola (=Georg Bauer) 14, 80, 187, 196, 232, 264 Aitken, Harold H. 41, 702 Albert, Prince Consort 104, 201, 894 Albone, Dan 788–9 Alder 417 Aldus Manutius 671 Alexander the Great 74 Alexanderson, Ernst F.W. 726, 745 Alhazen of Basra 730 Allan 380 Allen, Bryan 647 Allen, Horatio 562 Allen, J.F. 284 Alleyne, Sir John 175 Allport, James 578, 579 Ames, B.C. 421 Amman, Jost 390 Ampère, André-Marie 357, 714 Anderson, John 33–5 Anderson, Max L. 613 Anthelm, Ludwig 854 Anthemios of Tralles 880 Apollonium of Perga 885 Appert, Nicolas 798 Appleby 783 Appleton, Sir Edward 728, 998 Arago, François 383 Archer, Frederick Scott 733 Archer, Thomas 672 Archimedes 18 INDEX OF NAMES Argand, Ami 211, 913 Aristophanes 71 Aristotle 16, 58, 187 Arkwright, Sir Richard 266, 827–32, 839 Arlandes, Marquis d’ 610 Armengaud (the elder) 242 Armengaud, R. 332 Armstrong, Edwin 728 Armstrong, Neil 654 Armstrong, W.G. 40, 244, 351, 961 Arnold, A. 839 Arsonval, J.A. d’ 375 Ashley 198 Askin, Charles 98 Aspdin, Joseph 466, 889 Atanasoff, John V. 702 Atwood, Ellis D. 606 Aubert, Jean 485 Austin (textile engineer) 843 Austin, Herbert 452 Ayrton, W.E. 375, 376 Babbage, Charles 31, 398, 699–701 Bachelier, Nicholas 484 Backus, John 704 Bacon, Roger 648, 975 Baekeland, Leo Hendrik 218, 220 Baeyer, Adolf von 202, 218 Bain, Alexander 696, 743 Baird, John Logie 745 Baker, Sir Benjamin 955 Bakewell, Frederick 743 Baldwin, Matthias 573 Baldwin, Thomas 611 Ball, Major Charles 117 Bamberger 54 Barber, John 329 Barclay, Henry 408 Barclay, Robert 678 Bardeen, John 42, 703 Barlow, Peter 468 Barnett, M.F. 728, 998 INDEX OF NAMES 1019 Barry, Sir Charles 894 Barsanti, Eugenio 305 Bartlett, C.C. 100 Basov, N.G. 737, 738 Bateman, J.F. La Trobe 241, 952, 954 Baudot, Emile 715 Bauer, Andreas 675 Bauer, Georg see Agricola Bauer, H. 852 Bauer, S.W.V. 537 Baumann, K. 297 Bayer, Karl Joseph 112 Bayly, Sir Nicholas 90 Bazalgette, Joseph 956–7 Beau de Rochas, Alphonse 305 Beaumont, Huntingdon 555 Beavan, E.J. 849 Becker, H. 1005 Becquerel, Henri 213, 1005 Bedson, George 175 Beebe, Charles William 553 Beeching, Dr R. 599 Behr, F.B. 586 Bélidor, Bernard Forest de 233–4, 982 Bell (textile engineer) 835 Bell, Alexander Graham 538, 719, 721, 965 Bell, Henry 35, 527, 912 Bell, Hugh 105 Bell, Sir Lowthian 105 Bell, Revd Patrick 782 Belling, C.R. 917, 944 Bennet, Revd Abraham 373 Benson, Dr E.W. 98 Bentham (engineer) 30 Bentley, J.F. 891 Benz, Karl 37, 310, 311, 449, 450–51, 454 Berliner, Emile 721 Berry, A.F. 373 Berry, Clifford 702 Berry, George 786 Berry, Henry 477–8 Bertholet 56 Berthollet, Claude Louis 205, 835 Berthoud, Ferdinand 392 Berzelius, Baron Jöns Jakob 201, 743 Besant 438 Bessemer, Sir Henry 167–70, 171, 177 Besson, Jacques 393 Bethell, John 208 Bettini, Gianni 722 Bewick, Thomas 678 Bienvenu 641 Bigelow, E.G. 846 Bigelow, Erasmus B. 905 Bilgram, Hugo 411 Bion, Nicolas 668 Birdseye, Clarence 798 Biringuccio, Vannoccio 187, 396 Birkeland, Kristian 384 Biró, Georg and Ladisla 669 Bissell, G.H. 211 Bissell, Melville R. 924 Bissell, Melville R., jun. 927 Bisson brothers 733 Black, Harold S. 749 Black, Joseph 609 Blackett, Christopher 559 Blanchard, Jean-Pierre-François 614 Blanquert-Evrard, L.D. 733 Blenkinsop, John 559 Blériot, Louis 625 Blickensderfer 683 Blith, Walter 774 Bloch, Joseph 851 Block, I.S. 989 Blondel, N F. de 982 Blumlein, Alan D. 723 Bodley, George 941 Bodmer, John George 411 Bogardus, James 894 Bohr, Niels 213, 1005 Bollée family 259 Bolton, W. von 133, 143 Bond, George 406 Boole, George 701 Booth, Henry 561, 563 Booth, Hubert Cecil 925, 926 Borchers, Wilhelm 123 Borelli, Giovanni 553, 646 Borol, A. 459 Borries, August von 582 Bosch, Carl 775 Bosch, Robert 311 Bothe, W.W.G.F. 1005 Böttger, Johann Friedrich 192–3 Bouch, Sir Thomas 463 Boulle, André Charles 908 Boulton, Matthew 28, 34, 91, 155, 275–6, 325, 403 Bourn, D. 830 Bourne, William 537 Bourseul, Charles 718 Bousquet, Gaston du 582 Boutheroue, Guillaume 483 Bouton, Georges 447 Bowser, Sylvanus F. 459 Boxer, Colonel E.M. 984 Boyd, T.A. 317 Boyden, Uriah A. 243 Boyle, Robert 33, 189 Bradley, Charles S. 107 Brady, Mathew 733 Bramah, Joseph 29, 40, 404, 921, 961 Bramante of Florence 28 INDEX OF NAMES 1020 Branca, Giovanni de 290 Brandling, J.C. 559 Branly, Edouard 725 Brassey, Thomas 470, 565, 575 Brattain, Walter 42, 703 Braun (instrument-maker) 376 Braun, Ferdinand 744 Braun, Wernher von 649, 650, 651, 656, 747, 754 Braunschweig, Hieronymus 187 Brayton, G.B. 310 Brearley, Harry 174 Breguet, Louis 641–2, 696 Brennan, Louis 586 Breuer, Marcel 910 Brewster, Sir David 733, 735 Bricklinn, Dan 707 Briggs, Henry 698 Brindley, James 439, 477–8 Brocq 995 Brode, John 83 Brooman, Richard 419 Brown, Charles 385 Brown, Joseph 407 Brown, Joseph R. 408, 409, 411 Brown, Samuel (first internal combustion engine) 305 Brown, Lieutenant Samuel (chain cable) 541 Brownrigg, William 129 Bruce, David 679 Brueghel, Jan 232 Brueghel, Pieter (the elder) 248, 780 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 35, 401, 403, 527, 528, 529, 565, 568, 572, 895 Brunel, Marc Isambard 30, 398, 404, 468, 552, 847, 854, 890 Brunelleschi, Filippo 24, 731, 881 Brunner, John 222 Bryan, G.H. 622, 626 Büchi, A. 315, 316 Buck, J. 411 Buckle, William 403 Bull, JohnWrathall 781 Bullard, E.P. 414 Bunning 896 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm 103, 107, 113, 114, 210, 353 Burgess, G.K. 141 Burgi, Joost 695, 698 Burgin, Emile 360–61 Burks, Arthur W. 702 Burton, Decimus 895 Burton, James Henry 406 Bury, Edward 564, 566, 573 Bush, Vannevar 750–51 Bushnell, David 537, 996 Bussy, Antoine-Alexander-Brutus 113 Butler, Edward 450 By, Colonel John 507 Cameron, Julia Margaret 733 Campbell, Wilfred 298–9 Campbell-Swinton, A.A. 745 Caquot, Albert 613 Carcel 914 Cardano, Girolamo 731 Cardew, Philip 376 Carlson, Chester 736 Carnot, Sadi 343 Caro, Heinrich 202 Carolus, Johann 672 Caron, H. 113 Carothers, Wallace H. 218, 219, 850 Carter, John 84 Cartwright, Revd Edmund 834, 839 Cary, John 461 Casablanca, Fernando 841 Casement, Robert 240 Casseli, Giovanni 744 Castner, Hamilton Y. 105, 224–5 Caxton, William 27, 671, 672 Cayley, Sir George 39, 342, 472, 617–19, 641 Cecil, William 305 Celestine III, Pope 246 Cellini, Benvenuto 68 Chadwick, Edwin 956 Chadwick, James 213 Chambers, Austin 571 Chambers, Sir William 871 Champion, Nehemiah 85–6 Champion, Richard 193 Champion, William 87–9 Chanute, Octave 621–2 Chapelon, André 597–8 Chappe, Abraham 713 Chappe, Claude 711, 713 Chapman, Frederic af 524 Charlemagne, Emperor 79, 494, 956 Charles, Jacques Alexander César 610 Charles XII, King of Sweden 501 Chevenard, P. 126 Chevreul, Michel Eugène 913 Childe, V.Gordon 5 Chopping, Henry 258 Christensen, C. 736 Christie, S.H. 375 Church, William 680 Churchward, G.J. 590 Cierva, Juan de la 642 Clark, Edward 851 Clark, Edwin 482, 486, 493 Clarke, Arthur C. 747 Clarke, Sir Clement 83 Claus, C.E. 131 INDEX OF NAMES 1021 Clay, Henry 909 Clegg, Samuel 40, 209, 570, 958 Clement, Joseph 31 Clement, William 24 Clements, Joseph 398, 399 Clerk, Dugald 307, 315, 317, 454 Clinton, DeWitt 511 Clymer, Floyd 675 Coade family 871 Cobbett, William 801 Cockerell, Christopher 538 Codd 198 Coignet, François 890, 891 Coles, Captain Cowper 533 Collins, Captain Greenvile 546 Colt, Samuel 985, 996 Columbus, Christopher 21, 801 Columella 779 Confucius 2 Congreve, Sir William 648, 986 Cook, Maurice 123 Cooke, William F. 41, 357, 358, 572, 714, 965 Cookworthy, William 193 Coolidge, W.D. 133 Copeland, L.D. 447 Copernicus, Nicolaus 672 Corliss, G.H. 282–3 Cornu, Paul 641–2 Corson, Michael 124 Cort, Henry 157, 162 Cosnier, Hugues 483 Cotchett, Thomas 824 Cotton, William 847 Couchon, Basile 822 Coulomb, Charles Augustin de 373 Cousteau, Jacques 553 Coutelle, Charles 611 Coutts, Angela Burdett 931 Cowles, Alfred and Eugene 106 Crampton, T.R. 569 Craufurd, Commander H.V. 95 Crawford, J.W.C. 219 Croesus, King 27 Croll, A.A. 942 Crompton, R.E.B. 360–61, 367, 372, 944 Crompton, Samuel 832–3 Crompton, Thomas 674 Cronstedt, Axel 97 Crookes, W. 725 Cros, Charles 720 Cross, C.F. 849 Crowther, J.G. 42 Cruickshank, William 352 Ctesibius of Alexandria 16 Cubitt, Lewis 896 Cubitt, Sir William 256, 264 Cugnot, Nicolas 441, 453 Cumming, Alexander 921 Curie, Marie and Pierre 213 Curr, John 556 Curtis, C.G. 293–4 Daft, Leo 584 Dagron 733 Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé 732 Dahl 124 Daimler, Gottlieb 37, 311, 315, 447, 448, 449, 450–51, 454, 615 Dale, David 832 Dalen, Gustav 942 Dalrymple, Alexander 546 Dalton, John 189, 212–13 Dancer, J.B. 733 Daniell, John Frederic 353 Darby, Abraham 84–5, 153–4, 207, 893 Darby, Abraham, III 156, 465 Davenport, Thomas 378 Davidson, Robert 378, 584 Davy, Sir Humphrey 102, 113, 209, 224, 352, 354–5, 774 Dawson, William 847 De Boer 141 de Dion, Count Albert 447 de Forest, Lee 41, 720, 726–7, 742 de Havilland, Geoffrey 626 Deacon, Henry 205, 222 Deane, Sir Anthony 524 Deck, J.T. 194 Deering, William 783 Defoe, Daniel 91, 434 Degen, Jakob 641 Delauney, L. 711 Delisle, Romé 129 della Porta, Francesco 32 della Porta, Giacomo 881 della Porta, Giambattista 273 della Robbia, Luca 192 Delvigne, Captain Henri-Gustave 983 Democritus 212 Deprez, Marcel 381 Desvignes 739 Devereux, Colonel W.C. 122 Deverill, Hooton 848 Deville, Henri Lucien Sainte-Claire 103, 104, 107, 109, 111, 113 Devol, George 426 Dickinson, J.T. 850 Dickinson, Robert 398 Dickson 219 Dickson, William 741 Diderot, Denis 236 Diesel, Rudolph 37, 311, 313, 322, 454 Diggle, Squire 844 Dinesen, Hans 538 . journals; and lecturer for, inter alia, the National Trust and the Inland Waterways Association. R.A.Buchanan is Reader in the History of Technology at the University of Bath, and Director there of the. Centre for the History of Technology, Science and Society. He is the Secretary General of the International Committee for the History of Technology, and a member of the Royal Commission of Historical. holds the qualifications of Bachelor of Architecture, Member of the Royal Institute of British Architects and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He is currently Chairman of Council of The International Molinological