31 viewing the history of an opportunity

... generated less vibration than other types of reciprocating engines) The progress in the steam inlet pressure and the heat rate between the time of Newcomen (1712) and the end of the nineteenth century ... important and in 1890 the Belliss & Morcom Co in England introduced forced lubrication, which is now a standard feature of any high speed machinery Many of the characteristic features of the high ... highest level in some of the quadruple expansion engines built for the very large ocean-going liners at the close of the nineteenth century One of the most outstanding was the 29,830kW (40,000hp)...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... BEFORE THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS III THE GERMAN INVASIONS AND THE BREAK-UP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 25 IV THE RISE OF THE PAPACY 44 V THE MONKS AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GERMANS 56 VI CHARLES MARTEL AND ... than any of the other German races Besides the kingdoms of the East Goths and the Franks, the West Goths had their kingdom in Spain, the Burgundians had established themselves on the Rhone, and ... volume of the chief changes in western Europe since the German barbarians overcame the armies of the Roman Empire and set up states of their own, out of which the present countries of France, Germany,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 23:20

... BEFORE THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS III THE GERMAN INVASIONS AND THE BREAK-UP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 25 IV THE RISE OF THE PAPACY 44 V THE MONKS AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GERMANS 56 VI CHARLES MARTEL AND ... due to their love of adventure, their hope of enjoying some of the advantages of their civilized neighbors, or the need of new lands for their increasing numbers And the Romans, by means of their ... than any of the other German races Besides the kingdoms of the East Goths and the Franks, the West Goths had their kingdom in Spain, the Burgundians had established themselves on the Rhone, and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... loved danger itself, not the rewards of courage? What is the prospect of pleasure, when the sound of the horn or the trumpet, the cry of the dogs, 'or the shout of war, awaken the ardour of the ... soil and the fruits of the earth, the analogy of their principal 43 object As the men hunt, so the women labour together; and, after they have shared the toils of the seed time, they enjoy the fruits ... of another sort Sentiments of affection and friendship mix with animosity; the active and strenuous become the guardians of their society; and violence itself is, in their case, an exertion of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... observed the rising and setting of the sun and the several phases of the moon The more thoughtful among them have then proceeded to ask the question, “Why? Why does the moon wax and wane? Why does the ... Discuss the nativist and empiricist explanations of the origin of human attributes 16 First describe the positions of mechanism and vitalism and then indicate which of the two positions you accept and ... because they are, in a sense, our mothers and fathers We can see how the physical environment can influence one’s philosophizing Both Thales and Anaximander lived near the shores of the Mediterranean...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 04:20

... BEFORE THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS III THE GERMAN INVASIONS AND THE BREAK-UP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 25 IV THE RISE OF THE PAPACY 44 V THE MONKS AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GERMANS 56 VI CHARLES MARTEL AND ... due to their love of adventure, their hope of enjoying some of the advantages of their civilized neighbors, or the need of new lands for their increasing numbers And the Romans, by means of their ... than any of the other German races Besides the kingdoms of the East Goths and the Franks, the West Goths had their kingdom in Spain, the Burgundians had established themselves on the Rhone, and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 23:20

... 344–5, 404 thermionic 41, 727, see also diode; triode Wankel rotating disc 328 Van Harinxma Canal 492 Van Starkenborgh Canal 492 Vanguard rocket 656 wagons 434, 440 wainscot 902 Walkman (cassette ... machines 417 transfer printing (pottery) 194 transformers 371 transistor radios 728 transistors 42, 419, 703 transmission cables 371–2 transplanting 773 transporter bridges 496, 518 trapetum 263 Travels ... OF TOPICS roller mill (corn) 257 roller printing (textiles) 835 rolling mills 28, 152, 180, 381 Roman cement 888, 889 Roman mill 19, 20 Romanesque architecture 874, 875, 876 Romans 18 baths and...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... age: the farmer, the smith and the wheel The third age: the first machine age The fourth age: intimations of automation The fifth age: the expansion of steam The sixth age: the freedom of internal ... The British Isles France The Low Countries Germany The Rhine Italy Greece Sweden The Soviet Union Eastern Europe Spain and Portugal The Suez Canal Japan Canada The United States The Panama Canal ... and Mechanisms Ian McNeil The place of technology in history Science and technology The archaeological ages The seven technological ages of man The first age: man, the hunter, masters fire The second...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... power of invention Other primates, such as chimpanzees, have been known to add one stick of bamboo to another to enable them to reach and hence to enjoy a banana otherwise out of reach Many species ... McNEIL THE PLACE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HISTORY It is strange that, in the study and teaching of history, so little attention is paid to the history of technology Political and constitutional history, ... monarchs and statesmen did in the past, how they fought their wars and which side won, was largely dependent on the state of their technology and that of their enemy Their motivation was more often...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... studied, rather than the rise and fall of civilizations, the rise and fall of technologies the technologies of hunting and weapon-making, of herding and domesticating animals, of crop-growing and agriculture, ... promises to change human life more swiftly and more radically than any of its predecessors THE FIRST AGE: MAN, THE HUNTER, MASTERS FIRE The history of technology can be said to be older than man himself, ... Herschel, they may be one and the same man However, as space is at a premium, we must forgo the telescope as a part of technology and consider it the prerogative of the editor of an Encyclopaedia of the...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... tablets The same period saw the first attempts at standardization of weights and of linear measures, the span, the palm, the pace, the inch and the cubit all being based on parts of the human body ... date These again were Egyptian and represent the first known application of a natural source of power other than animal power, the wind The use of wind power to drive the rotating sails of a ... the purchase of a horseman allowing him to transfer the momentum of his mount to the weapon in his hand, be it sword, axe or lance Some idea of the state of manufactures in the sixth and seventh...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... the bores of cannon and the diameter of cannon balls The crank An important development in the Middle Ages was that of mechanisms for the interconversion of rotary and reciprocating motions The ... weight All the gears were of brass Galileo’s observations of the swinging altar lamp in the cathedral of Pisa marked the start of the use of the pendulum as a means of controlling the speed of clocks ... blocks of type to make up pages, inked and then pressed against sheets of paper in a screw press The casting of the type, the assembly into trays, the formulation of the ink and the use of the press...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... in the materials used in buildings They caused the decline of many towns and villages which were not served by the railway lines They speeded up the mails and greatly accelerated the spread of ... spread of news by the rapid distribution of the daily papers They popularized seaside and other holiday resorts and improved communications by their use of the telegraph Most of all, the railways ... business from the turnpike roads and the canals until the horse and the canal barge became almost obsolete More and more people travelled, many of whom had never travelled outside their own villages...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... ridiculous and to many others a threat to the dignity of themselves as members of the human race or worse, a threat to the very existence of humanity as the only reasoning animal living on the planet ... nothing to complain about Humans aren’t the best ditch-diggers in the world, machines are And humans can’t lift as much as a crane They can’t fly without an airplane And they can’t carry as much as ... melted and cast, they were working large lumps into weapons and jewellery The burial mounds of the pre-Columbian Indians of the Ohio valley contained many copper implements such as adzes, chisels and...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... BC and were found in the 1930s at the site of Tepe Giyan, near Nahavand in Western Iran This mountainous region, situated midway between the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, was in the Land of ... from the Caucasus and were instrumental in transferring the arts of metallurgy from the land of Elam (which now forms part of Iran) into Babylonia The first Sumerian kingdom was destroyed by the ... less than per cent of copper, and because of the presence of large quantities of unwanted earthy material, they not respond to simple smelting processes The sulphide copper ores exploited at the...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... coinage standard of the Athenian state was superseded by the gold standard introduced by the Macedonian kings The last Athenian silver tetra-drachmas were minted in the second half of the first ... silver from the mines at Laurion provided the wealth needed to support the Athenian Empire Other famous silver mines were those in the Pangaean region of Macedonia, and the Cycladic island of Siphnos ... particles of ore from cup to cup and classified them The rich ore was the first to be deposited, then the poorer ore and finally the sand and silts When the water reached the lower tank all suspended...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... sources of zinc were relatively abundant within the Mediterranean area of Roman influence The alloy, containing 27.6 per cent zinc and negligible quantities of tin and lead, was a typical product of ... smell, and the bitter metallic taste of brass is also mentioned This work is also the first to refer to the tribe of the Mossynoeci, who lived on the southern shore of the Euxine, between Sinope and ... Dioscorides and the use of the condensed white oxide in zinc ointment manufacture is also described by Pliny Professor Gowland in 1912 was able to simulate the process used by the Romans and provided the...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... royalties, of the order of five shillings on each ton of the ore exported By the 1680s it had become very evident that the privileges granted to the Mines Royal Company and to the Society of Mineral and ... Bristol as it was then known The others were John Freeman and Copper Company of Bristol, Thomas Patten and Coy of Warrington, and Charles Roe and Copper Company at Macclesfield Brass manufacture represented ... salt and zinc ore Cornwall, refined on the site and granulated in water for the manufacture of brass by cementation according to the original patent of William’s father Nehemiah For the manufacture...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... ran into financial difficulties in 1847, J and E.Walker took over his plant and equipment in part payment of debts and transferred them to Gospel Oak The ‘G anchor O’brand of galvanized corrugated ... saltpetre was added to the bath, the alloy was stirred, and the ingot was then cast It is not clear whether zinc was an ingredient of the pills prepared from the ore or whether the zinc was added ... available from the Schneeburg district of Germany, where they had been used for many years by the celebrated Blaufarbenwerke for the manufacture of cobalt blue and other pigments for the ceramic...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20