Rhodobium gokurnum Medium 1495 slowly add 2.0mL of sterile 2M H 2 SO 4 . This partially neutralizes the so- lution. The solution should turn yellow. H 2 S gas will be liberated—neu- tralization and distribution of the solution should be done as rapidly as possible under adequate ventilation. Preparation of Medium: To the 80.0mL of sterile solution 1 in screw-capped bottles, add combined solutions 2 and 3 immediately af- ter filtration and fill bottles to capacity. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically re- move 6.0mL of the medium from the bottles and replace it with 6.0mL of neutralized solution 4. Let stand for 24 hr. The medium should form a fine white precipitate before using. To inoculate, remove 6.0mL of the completed medium from the bottles and replace it with 6.0mL of inoculum. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodobacter veldkampii. Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.6g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sorbitol solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL pH 6.5 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per liter: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sorbitol Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sorbitol 3.0g Preparation of Sorbitol Solution: Add sorbitol to distilled/deion- ized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sorbitol, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract solutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 964.0mL. Mix thor- oughly. Adjust pH to 6.5. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C.Cool to room temperature. Asep- tically add ferric citrate, trace elements, sorbitol, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into cul- ture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodobium gokarnense (Rhodobium gokurnum). Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.68g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sulfide solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per liter: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter ster- ilize. © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1496 Rhodobium gokurnum Medium Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vat to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thor- oughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sulfide Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.25g Preparation of Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sulfide, vitamin, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract so- lutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 963.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.2. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Aseptically add ferric citrate, trace elements, vitamin, sulfide, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically dis- tribute into culture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Marichromatium bheemlicum. Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.6g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sulfide solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per 1001.0mL: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter ster- ilize. Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sulfide Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.25g Preparation of Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sulfide, vitamin, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract so- lutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 963.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.2. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Aseptically add ferric citrate, trace elements, vitamin, sulfide, sodium pyruvate, and yeast extract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically dis- tribute into culture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Thiorhodococcus bheemlicus. Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g NH 4 Cl 0.34g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sulfide solution 10.0mL Thiosulfate solution 10.0mL Bicarbonate solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Rhodobium gokurnum Medium 1497 Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per 1001.0mL: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter ster- ilize. Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sulfide Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.25g Preparation of Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Thiosulfate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O 1.6g Preparation of Thiosulfate Solution: Add Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 100% N 2 . Adjust to pH 10.0. Filter sterilize. Bicarbonate Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: NaHCO 3 10.0g Preparation of Bicarbonate Solution: Add NaHCO 3 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.5. Seal in bottles (half full) under an atmosphere of CO 2 . Au- toclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room tempera- ture. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sulfide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyru- vate, and yeast extract solutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 943.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.2. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Aseptically add ferric citrate, trace elements, sul- fide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyruvate, and yeast ex- tract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into culture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Allochromatium renukae and Allochroma- tium roseum. Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.6g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sulfide solution 10.0mL Thiosulfate solution 10.0mL Bicarbonate solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 6.9 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per liter: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter ster- ilize. Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1498 Rhodobium gokurnum Medium Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sulfide Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.25g Preparation of Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Thiosulfate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O 1.6g Preparation of Thiosulfate Solution: Add Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 100% N 2 . Adjust to pH 10.0. Filter sterilize. Bicarbonate Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: NaHCO 3 10.0g Preparation of Bicarbonate Solution: Add NaHCO 3 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.5. Seal in bottles (half full) under an atmosphere of CO 2 . Au- toclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room tempera- ture. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sulfide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyru- vate, and yeast extract solutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 943.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.9. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C.Cool to room temperature. Aseptically add ferric citrate, trace elements, sul- fide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyruvate, and yeast ex- tract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into culture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Roseospira visakhapatnamensis. Rhodobium gokurnum Medium (DSMZ Medium 1129) Composition per liter: NaCl 20.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1.5g NH 4 Cl 0.6g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g CaC l 2 ·2H 2 O 0.15g Sulfide solution 10.0mL Thiosulfate solution 10.0mL Bicarbonate solution 10.0mL Yeast extract solution 10.0mL Sodium pyruvate solution 10.0mL Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-7 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Composition per liter: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 200.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 60.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 40.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 20.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg HCl (25%) 1.0mL Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-7: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter ster- ilize. Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 3.0g Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Yeast Extract Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Yeast extract 0.4g Preparation of Yeast Extract Solution: Add yeast extract to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sulfide Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.25g Preparation of Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Thiosulfate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O 1.6g Preparation of Thiosulfate Solution: Add Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 100% N 2 . Adjust to pH 10.0. Filter sterilize. Bicarbonate Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: NaHCO 3 10.0g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Rhodocyclus Medium 1499 Preparation of Bicarbonate Solution: Add NaHCO 3 to distilled/ deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.5. Seal in bottles (half full) under an atmosphere of CO 2 . Au- toclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room tempera- ture. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except ferric citrate, trace elements, sulfide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyru- vate, and yeast extract solutions, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 943.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.8. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Aseptically add ferric citrate, trace elements, sul- fide, thiosulfate, bicarbonate, vitamin, sodium pyruvate, and yeast ex- tract solutions. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into culture vessels. Use: For the cultivation of Roseospira goensis. Rhodobium Medium (DSMZ Medium 745) Composition per liter: NaCl 50.2g Na- DL-malate 3.6g Yeast extract 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 1.0g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Na 2 S·9H 2 O solution 10.0mL Trace elements solution SL-8 1.0mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution SL-8: Composition per liter: Na 2 -EDTA 5.2g FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O 1.5g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 190.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 100.0mg ZnCl 2 70.0mg H 3 BO 3 62.0mg Na 2 MoSO 4 ·2H 2 O 36.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 24.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 17.0mg Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-8: Add compo- nents to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thor- oughly. Sparge with 100% N 2 . Na 2 S·9H 2 O Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.5g Preparation of Na 2 S·9H 2 O Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.8. Autoclave under 100% N 2 for 15 min at 15 psi pres- sure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except Na 2 S·9H 2 O so- lution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thor- oughly. Adjust to pH 6.8. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Cool to room temperature while sparging with 100% N 2 . Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Add 10.0mL ster- ile Na 2 S·9H 2 O solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically and anaerobical- ly under 100% N 2 distribute into sterile screw-cap tubes or flasks. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodobium orientis (Rhodovulum orientis). Rhodoblastus Medium (DSMZ Medium 1142) Composition per liter: Yeast extract 0.1g Na 2 -succinate 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL pH 5.7 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5g H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 5.7. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodoblastus spp. Rhodocyclus Medium (LMG Medium 82) Composition per liter: Yeast extract 1.0g Ammonium acetate 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H2O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 50.0mg Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution 1.0mL Vitamin solution 1.0mL Ethanol 0.5mL pH 5.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution : Composition per 100.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.1g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 30.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 30.0mg © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1500 Rhodocyclus purpureus Medium NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 10.0mg Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to 100.0mL of distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute 40.0mL medium into 50 mL screw-capped bottles. Flush each bottle for 1 to 2 minutes with nitrogen gas and then close immediately with rubber sep- ta and screw caps. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove the samples. Incubate in light using a tungsten lamp. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodocyclus purpureus. Rhodocyclus purpureus Medium (DSMZ Medium 44) Composition per 1056.9 mL: Na 2 -succinate 1.0g (NH 4 )-acetate 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.3g L-Cysteine 0.3g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL Ethanol 0.5mL Vitamin B 12 solution 0.4mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5g H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin B 12 Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Vitamin B 12 10.0mg Preparation of Vitamin B 12 Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 10.0mg Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Preparation of Medium: Add components to 1050.0mL distilled/ deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Boil for 3–4 min under a stream of 100% N 2 . Distribute 45.0mL of the pre- pared medium into 50.0mL screw-capped tubes that have been flushed with 100% N 2 . Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove samples. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of brown and other oxygen sensitive Rhodospirillaceae. Rhodocyclus purpureus Medium (DSMZ Medium 44) Composition per 1056.9 mL: Na 2 -succinate 1.0g (NH 4 )-acetate 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.3g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL Ethanol 0.5mL Vitamin B 12 solution 0.4mL Neutralized sulfide solution variable pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5g H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin B 12 Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Vitamin B 12 10.0mg Preparation of Vitamin B 12 Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 10.0mg Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Neutralized Sulfide Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 1.5g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Rhodopila globiformis Medium 1501 Preparation of Neutralized Sulfide Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to distilled/deionized water in a 250.0mL screw-capped bottle fitted with a butyl rubber septum and bring volume to 100.0mL. Add a mag- netic stir bar. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temper- ature. Adjust pH to about 7.0 with sterile 2M H 2 SO 4 . Do not open the bottle to add H 2 SO 4 ; use a sterile syringe. Stir the solution continuously to avoid precipitation of elemental sulfur. The final solution should be clear and yellow in color. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except neutralized sul- fide solution, to 1050.0mL distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Boil for 3–4 min under a stream of 100% N 2 . Distribute 45.0mL of the prepared medium into 50.0mL screw-capped tubes that have been flushed with 100% N 2 . Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Before inoculation, aseptically and anaerobically add 0.25–0.50mL of neutral- ized sulfide solution. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove samples. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of brown and other oxygen- sensitive Rhodospirillaceae. Rhodocyclus purpureus Medium (DSMZ Medium 44) Composition per 1056.9 mL: Na 2 -succinate 1.0g (NH 4 )-acetate 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.3g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL Ethanol 0.5mL Vitamin B 12 solution 0.4mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5g H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin B 12 Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Vitamin B 12 10.0mg Preparation of Vitamin B 12 Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 10.0mg Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge under 100% N 2 gas for 3 min. Preparation of Medium: Add components to 1050.0mL distilled/ deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Boil for 3–4 min under a stream of 100% N 2 . Distribute 45.0mL of the pre- pared medium into 50.0mL screw-capped tubes that have been flushed with 100% N 2 . Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to room temperature. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove samples. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodocyclus purpureus. Rhodomicrobium Medium (LMG Medium 79 Composition per liter: Di-odium succinate 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.2g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 50.0mg Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution 1.0mL pH 5.7 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution : Composition per 100.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.1g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 30.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 30.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 10.0mg Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute 40.0mL medium into 50mL screw-capped bottles. Flush each bottle for 1 to 2 min with nitrogen gas and then close immediately with rubber septa and screw-caps. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove the samples. Incubate in light using a tungsten lamp. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Rhodoblas- tus acidophilus. Rhodopila globiformis Medium Composition per liter: Mannitol 1.5g Sodium gluconate 0.56g KH 2 PO 4 0.4g NaCl 0.4g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.4g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1502 Rhodopila globiformis Medium NH 4 Cl 0.4g Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O 0.2g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate 5.0mg VA vitamins 1.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL pH 4.9 ± 0.2 at 25°C VA Vitamins: Composition per 500.0mL: Nicotinamide 0.175g Thiamine·HCl 0.15g p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.1g Biotin 0.05g Pyridoxine·2HCl 0.05g Calcium pantothenate 0.05g Cyanocobalamin 0.025g Preparation of VA Vitamins: Add components to distilled/deion- ized water and bring volume to 500.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.03g Na 2 MoO 4 ·H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 3.4. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 4.9. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopila globiformis. Rhodopila globiformis Medium (LMG Medium 81) Composition per 1008.0mL: Mannitol 1.5g Sodium gluconate 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g NaCl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.25g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 50.0mg Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Na 2 SO 3 solution 2.0mL Trace elements solution 1.0mL Biotin solution 1.0mL p-Aminobenzoic acid solution 1.0mL pH 4.9 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.1g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 30.0mg MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 30.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 20.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 10.0mg Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Biotin Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Biotin 2.0mg Preparation of Biotin Solution: Add biotin to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. p-Aminobenzoic Acid Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: p-Aminobenzoic Acid 10.0mg Preparation of p-Aminobenzoic Acid Solution: Add p-amin- obenzoic acid to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Na 2 S 2 O 3 Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S 2 O 3 1.0g Preparation of Na 2 S 2 O 3 Solution: Add Na 2 S 2 O 3 to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except Na 2 S 2 O 3 solu- tion, ferric citrate solution, biotin solution, and p-aminobenzoic acid solution, to distilled deionized water and bring volume to 1.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 4.9. Add 5.0mL of ferric citrate solution, 1.0mL of biotin solution, and 1.0mL of p-aminobenzoic acid solution. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into screw-capped tubes or bottles. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Allow to cool to room tem- perature. Aseptically add 0.2mL of sterile Na 2 S 2 O 3 solution to each 100.0mL of medium. Mix thoroughly. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopila globiformis spp. Rhodopseudomonas blastica Medium Composition per liter: Sodium pyruvate 1.5g Sodium hydrogen malate 1.5g Yeast extract 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Sodium pyryuvate solution 50.0mL Sodium hydrogen malate solution 50.0mL Sodium phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 6.8) 50.0mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Sodium Pyruvate Solution : Composition per 50.0mL: Sodium pyruvate 1.5g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Rhodopseudomonas julia Medium 1503 Preparation of Sodium Pyruvate Solution: Add sodium pyru- vate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 50.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Sodium Hydrogen Malate Solution : Composition per 50.0mL: Sodium hydrogen malate 1.5g Preparation of Sodium Hydrogen Malate Solution: Add sodi- um hydrogen malate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 50.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components—except sodium pyru- vate solution, sodium hydrogen malate solution, and sodium phosphate buffer—to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 850.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Adjust pH to 6.8 with KOH. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 45°– 50°C. Filter sterilize the sodium pyruvate solution, sodium hydrogen malate solution, and sodium phosphate buffer. Aseptically add 50.0mL of sterile sodium pyruvate solution, 50.0mL of sodium hydrogen malate solution, and 50.0mL of sodium phosphate buffer to cooled bas- al medium. Mix thoroughly. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or distribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopseudomonas blas- tica and other Rhodopseudomonas species. Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Medium Composition per 1002.0mL: Mannitol 1.5g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g Sodium gluconate 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.25g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Na 2 S 2 O 3 solution 2.0mL Biotin solution 1.0mL p-Aminobenzoic acid solution 1.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL pH 4.9 ± 0.2 at 25°C Ferric Citrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.01g Preparation of Ferric Citrate Solution: Add ferric citrate to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Na 2 S 2 O 3 Solution : Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S 2 O 3 1.0g Preparation of Na 2 S 2 O 3 Solution: Add Na 2 S 2 O 3 to distilled/de- ionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Biotin Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Biotin 0.2mg Preparation of Biotin Solution: Add biotin to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. p-Aminobenzoic Acid Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: p-Aminobenzoic acid 1.0mg Preparation of p-Aminobenzoic Acid Solution: Add p-amin- obenzoic acid to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Composition per liter: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5g H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution SL-6: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except Na 2 S 2 O 3 solu- tion, ferric citrate solution, biotin solution, and p-aminobenzoic acid solution, to distilled deionized water and bring volume to 993.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 4.9. Add 5.0mL of ferric citrate solution, 1.0mL of biotin solution, and 1.0mL of p-aminobenzoic acid solution. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into screw-capped tubes or bottles. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Allow to cool to room tem- perature. Aseptically add 0.2mL of sterile Na 2 S 2 O 3 solution to each 100.0mL of medium. Mix thoroughly. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopila globiformis. Rhodopseudomonas julia Medium Composition per liter: NaHCO 3 3.0g NaCl 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g NH 4 Cl 1.0g Sodium acetate 1.0g Na 2 SO 4 0.7g MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.5g Sodium ascorbate 0.5g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.1g Yeast extract 0.1g Na 2 S·9H 2 O solution 10.0mL SLA trace elements solution 1.0mL VA vitamin solution 1.0mL pH 6.9–7.0 at 25°C Na 2 S·9H 2 O Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Na 2 S·9H 2 O 0.156g Preparation of Na 2 S·9H 2 O Solution: Add Na 2 S·9H 2 O to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Before use, neutralize to pH 7.0 with sterile HCl. SLA Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: FeC1 2 ·4H 2 O 1.8g H 3 BO 3 0.5g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.25g ZnCl 2 0.1g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1504 Rhodopseudomonas Medium MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 70.0mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 30.0mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 10.0mg Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 O 10.0mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 10.0mg Preparation of SLA Trace Elements Solution: Add compo- nents to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thor- oughly. Adjust pH to 2.0–3.0. VA Vitamin Solution: Composition per liter: Nicotinamide 0.175g Thiamine·HCl 0.15g p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.1g Biotin 50.0mg Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate 50.0mg Pyridoxine·2HCl 50.0mg Cyanocobalamin 25.0mg Preparation of VA Vitamin Solution: Add components to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except Na 2 S·9H 2 O so- lution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 990.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.9–7.0. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pres- sure–121°C. Aseptically add 10.0mL of sterile Na 2 S·9H 2 O solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodopseudomonas julia. Rhodopseudomonas Medium (ATCC Medium 543) Composition per liter: Sodium succinate 2.5g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 1.25g K 2 HPO 4 0.9g KH 2 PO 4 0.6g Yeast extract 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.2g CaCl 2 0.07g Ferric citrate 3.0mg Ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) 2.0mg pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopseudomonas spe- cies. Rhodopseudomonas Medium (ATCC Medium 650) Composition per liter: Sodium succinate 1.5g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Trace metals solution 10.0mL pH 5.6–6.0 at 25°C Trace Metals Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Ferric citrate 0.3g Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 0.05g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.02g MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 0.002g (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 O 0.002g H 3 BO 3 0.001g CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.001g ZnSO 4 0.001g Preparation of Trace Metals Solution: Add components to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except trace metals so- lution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 990.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 25°C. Aseptically add 10.0mL of trace metals solution. Mix thorough- ly. Aseptically distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodopseudomonas viridis, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and other Rhodopseudomonas species. Rhodopseudomonas rutila Medium Composition per liter: Sodium glutamate 2.0g Sodium L-malate 2.0g Yeast extract 2.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g NaHCO 3 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.2g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.1g MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 2.0mg Biotin 1.0mg Nicotinic acid 1.0mg Thiamine·HCl 1.0mg CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.5mg FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5mg Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rho- dopseudomonas rutila. Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis Medium Composition per 1050.0mL: Ammonium acetate 1.5g Sodium malate 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g Na 2 S 2 O 3 0.5g MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.4g NaCl 0.4g NH 4 Cl 0.4g Yeast extract 0.3g Disodium succinate 0.25g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g Ferric citrate solution 5.0mL Trace elements solution SL-6 1.0mL Ethanol 0.5mL © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC . 1495 slowly add 2.0mL of sterile 2M H 2 SO 4 . This partially neutralizes the so- lution. The solution should turn yellow. H 2 S gas will be liberated—neu- tralization and distribution of the solution. using. To inoculate, remove 6.0mL of the completed medium from the bottles and replace it with 6.0mL of inoculum. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodobacter veldkampii. Rhodobium. 100.0mL: Vitamin B 12 2.0mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add vitamin B 12 to 100.0mL of distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water