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#ࡱ# ################>###�� � �� #################################### ####���� ####### ###}### ###z### ###v### ###w#######u### ###p###� � � � ��������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� #G#����������������������������� ##### ###############u*####bjbj� ################## ### ## ## ###�� � � %######E###############)####### ########## ########## ##################]####�� �� �� # ####### ### ####### #######T#######T#######T###D########### ####### ####### ##� � � � � � � ##### ### ####### ### ###\### ####### \## ####### ### ###(### ####### ####### ##� � � � � � � � � � � � #####I)## ####;## ### @## ###O\######Q\######Q\######Q\######Q\######Q\######Q\#� � � � #$###B^## ###6`##R###u\######################T####### C######################s(#� � # ###I)###### C###### C######u\###### C###### ####### ####### ############### ##� � � � � � � � # ########### C###### C###### C###### C###### ### ### #######T####### #######O\#� � � � � � � � � ##################### ####### ####### ####### ####### ####### ####### C######O\#� � � � � � � ##### C## ### C###### D## ### W###### ### ###T##################################� � � � � � � � #############################O\###### #######0� ## ###0 LYvc # ####### ####### C###### [##n#####################################� � � � � � � ################################################################################ ####################Ng v N b nhB i gi ngThi t k , c i t v i u h nh m ngH � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � N i - 2001� M c l c# TOC \o "2-3" \h \z \t "Heading 1;1" ## HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325693" � � ##Ch ng 1. T ng quan v m ng m y t nh�� � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325693 \h ##2### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325694" ##B i 1. Kh i ni m c b n v m ng m y t nh� � � � � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325694 \h ##4### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325695" ##I. M u.� �� # PAGEREF _Toc20325695 \h ##4### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325696" ##II. C c kh i ni m c b n� � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325696 \h ##4### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325697" ##III. Ph n � lo i m ng m y t nh� � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325697 \h ##9### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325698" ##B i 2. Ki n tr c ph n t ng v m h nh OSI� � � � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325698 \h ##12### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325699" ##I. Ki n tr c ph n t ng� � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325699 \h ##12### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325700" ##II. M t s kh i � � � ni m c b n� � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325700 \h ##13### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325701" ##III. M h nh OSI� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325701 \h ##14### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325702" ##Ch ng 2. M ng c c b m ng lan�� � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325702 \h ##21### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325703" ##B i 1. Gi i thi u chung� � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325703 \h ##21### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325704" ##I. M u� �� # PAGEREF _Toc20325704 \h ##21## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325705" ##II. H i u h nh m ng� � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325705 \h ##21### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325706" ##B i 2. K thu t m ng c c b� � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325706 \h ##23### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325707" ##I. Topology # PAGEREF _Toc20325707 \h ##23### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325708" ##II. ng truy n v t l��� � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325708 \h ##25### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325709" ##B i 3. C c� � ph ng ph p truy nh p ng truy n v t l�� � � ��� � � �# PAGEREF _Toc20325709 \h ##27### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325710" ##I. Gi i thi u� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325710 \h ##27## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325711" ##II. Ph ng ph p CSMA/CD�� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325711 \h ##27### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325712" ##III. Ph ng ph p Token BUS�� � (ph ng ph p bus v i th b i)�� � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325712 \h ##28### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325713" ##IV. Ph ng ph p Token Ring�� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325713 \h ##30## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325714" ##V. So s nh� # PAGEREF _Toc20325714 \h ##31## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325715" ##B i 4. C c th nh ph n m ng c c b� � � � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325715 \h ##31### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325716" ##I. Ph n c ng� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325716 \h ##31### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325717" ##II. Ph n m m� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325717 \h ##34### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325718" ##B i 5. C c chu n LAN� � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325718 \h ##34### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325719" ##I. Ethernet # PAGEREF _Toc20325719 \h ##34### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325720" ##II. Token Ring # PAGEREF _Toc20325720 \h ##41### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325721" ##III. FDDI (Fiber Distrubuted Data Interface) # PAGEREF _Toc20325721 \h ##41### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325722" ##IV. B i t p� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325722 \h ##42### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325723" ##B i 6. Quy tr nh thi t k� � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325723 \h ##43## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325724" ##I. Ph n t ch� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325724 \h ##44## # HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325725" ##II. nh gi l u l ng truy n�� � � �� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325725 \h ##44### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325726" ##III. T nh to n s tr m l m� � � � � vi c� # PAGEREF _Toc20325726 \h ##45### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325727" ##IV. c �� l ng b ng th ng c n thi t�� � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325727 \h ##45### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325728" ##V. D th o m h nh m ng� � � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325728 \h ##45### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325729" ##VI. nh gi kh n ng p ng nhu c u�� � � � �� � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325729 \h ##45### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325730" ##VII. T nh to n gi� � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325730 \h ##46### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325731" ##VIII. X y d ng � � b ng a ch IP� �� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325731 \h ##46### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325732" ##IX. V s c p� � �� � # PAGEREF _Toc20325732 \h ##46### HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20325733" ##B i t p th c h nh� � � � # PAGEREF _Toc20325733 \h ##47### Ch ng 1. T ng quan v m ng m y t nh B i 1. Kh i ni m c b n v m ng m y t nh I.�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � M u. m c c b n nh t, m ng bao g m hai m y t nh n i v i nhau b ng c p, � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � sao cho ch ng c th d ng chung d li u. M i m ng m y t nh, cho d c tinh vi � � � � � � � � � � � � ph c t p n u ch ng n a c ng u b t ngu n t h th ng n gi n .L do h nh� � �� �� � � � �� � � � � � �� � �� � � th nh m ng m y t nh: m ng m y t nh ph t sinh t nhu c u mu n chia s , d ng chung� � � � � � � � � � � � � t i nguy n v cho ph p giao ti p tr c tuy n (online). T i nguy n g m c t i � � � � � � � � � � � � nguy n ph n m m (d li u, ch g tr nh ng d ng, ) v t i nguy n ph n c ng � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � (m y in, m y qu t, CD ROOM,.). Giao ti p tr c tuy n bao g m g i v nh n th ng � � � � � � � � � � � i p, th i n t .+ Tr c khi m ng m y t nh c s d ng, ng i ta th ng ph i � � � � � � �� � � � ��� � � �� �� � t trang b m y in, m y v v c c thi t b ngo i vi kh c cho ri ng m nh. c � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � th d ng chung m y tin th m i ng i ph i thay phi n nhau ng i tr c m y t nh � � � � � �� � � � �� � � c n i v i m y in. Khi m n i m ng th cho ph p t t c m i ng i u c quy n ��� � � � � � � � � � � � �� �� � � s d ng m y in .+ N u kh ng c m ng m y t nh, nhu c u trao i th ng tin u � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � �� b gi i h n :Truy n t th ng tin tr c ti p (mi ng)G i th th ng b oCopy d � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � li u sang a m m, em a copy sang m y kh c(M ng c th l m gi m b t nhu c u � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � � truy n th ng tr n gi y, ti t ki m th i gian v c ng s c. Do s k t h p c a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � m y t nh v i c c h th ng truy n th ng c bi t l vi n th ng t o ra cu c c ch � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � m ng trong v n t ch c khai th c v s d ng h th ng m y t nh. M h nh t p � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � trung d a tr n m y t nh l n c thay th m h nh c c m y t nh n l c k t � � � � � ��� � � � � � � �� � ��� � n i l i c ng th c hi n c ng vi c( h nh th nh m i tr ng l m vi c nhi u ng i � � �� � � � � � � � � �� � � � �� s d ng ph n t n. M ng m y t nh ng y nay tr th nh m t l nh v c nghi n c u � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � ph t tri n v ng d ng c t l i c a CNTT. C c l nh v c nghi n c u ph t tri n v � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ng d ng c a m ng: ki n tr c m ng, nguy n l thi t k , c i t v c c m h nh � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � ng d ng.II. C c kh i ni m c b n1. L ch s ph t tri nCu i nh ng n m 60 c c h � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � th ng m y t nh c t p trung ho cao nh mainfram, minicomputer, c g i� � � ��� � � �� � ��� � l m y t nh trung t m v nhi u tr m cu i n i v i n . M y t nh trung t m h u nh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � m nhi m t t c m i vi c :+ X l th ng tin+ Qu n l c c th t c truy n d li u�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � + Qu n l s ng b c a c c tr m cu i+ Qu n l c c h ng i+ S l c c ng t t � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � c c tr m cu i, ( Nh c i m: + T n qu nhi u v t li u n i c c tr m � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � � � v i trung t m (t n ng truy n) + M y t nh trung t m qu t i (ph i l m � � � ��� � � � � � � � � vi c qu nhi u) gi m nhi m v c a m y t nh trung t m ng i ta gom c c tr m � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � � cu i v o b g i l b t p trung (ho c b d n k nh) tr c khi chuy n v trung � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � t m. C c b n y c ch c n ng t p trung c c t n hi u do tr m cu i g i n v o � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � tr n c ng m t ng truy n.+ B d n k nh (multiplexor): c kh n ng truy n song� � � ��� � � � � � � � � song c c th ng tin do tr m cu i g i v trung t m.+ B t p trung (concentrator): � � � � � � � � � kh ng c kh n ng n y, ph i d ng b m l u tr t m th i d li u KL: M i s� � � � � � � � �� �� � � � � � � � � li n l c gi a c c tr m cu i v i nhau ph i i qua m y t nh trung t m, kh ng c � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� n i tr c ti p v i nhau (h th ng tr n kh ng c g i l m ng m y t nh m ch � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � c g i l m ng x l T cu i nh ng n m 70, c c m y t nh c n i tr c ti p v i ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � nhau t o th nh m ng m y t nh nh m ph n t n t i c a h th ng v t ng tin �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� c y. nh ngh a: M ng m y t nh l m t h th ng c c m y t nh t tr (autonomous � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � computer) c k t n i v i nhau b ng m t c truy n v t l v theo m t ki n ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � tr c n o .C ng nh ng n m 70 xu t hi n kh i ni m m ng truy n th ng � � �� � � � � � � � � � � (communication network), trong c c th nh ph n ch nh c a n l c c n t m ng �� � � � � � � � � � � (Node), c g i l b chuy n m ch (switching unit) d ng h ng th ng tin t i ��� � � � � � � �� �� � � ch.C c n t m ng c n i v i nhau b ng ng truy n g i l khung c a m ng. C c�� � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � � m y t nh x l th ng tin c a ng i s d ng (host) ho c c c tr m cu i (terminal) � � � � � � �� � � � � � � c n i tr c ti p v o c c n t m ng khi c n th trao i th ng tin qua m ng. ��� � � � � � � � �� � � �� � � B n th n c c n t m ng th ng c ng l m y t nh n n c th ng th i ng c vai � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � �� � tr m y c a ng i s d ng.( V v y ch ng ta kh ng ph n bi t kh i ni m m ng m y � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � t nh v m ng truy n th ng.M c ch k t n i m ng m y t nh:Chia x c c t i nguy n � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � c gi tr cao (thi t b , ch ng tr nh, d li u, ) kh ng ph thu c v o kho ng � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � c ch a l c a t i nguy n v ng i s d ng.T ng tin c y c a h th ng: do c � �� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � � kh n ng thay th khi x y ra s c i v i m t m y t nh n o .2. C c y u t � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � c a m ng m y t nha. ng truy n v t l ng truy n v t l d ng chuy n c c � � � � ��� � � ���� � � � � �� � � t n hi u gi a c c m y t nh. C c t n hi u bi u th c c gi tr d li u d i � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �� d ng c c xung nh ph n (on - off). T t c c c t n hi u u thu c d ng s ng � � � � � � � � � �� �� � � � i n t (tr i t t n s s ng radio, s ng ng n, tia h ng ngo i). ng v i m i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � lo i t n s c a s ng i n t c c c ng truy n v t l kh c nhau truy n t n � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � �� � � hi u. Hi n nay c hai lo i ng truy n:+ ng truy n h u tuy n: c p ng tr c,� � � � ��� � ��� � � � � �� � c p i d y xo n (c b c kim, kh ng b c kim) , c p s i quang + ng truy n v � �� � � � � � � � � ��� � � tuy n: radio, s ng c c ng n, tia h ng ngo iC p ng tr c d ng truy n c c t n � � � � � � � �� � � �� � � � hi u s trong m ng c c b ho c l m m ng i n tho i ng d i. C u t o g m c m t� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � s i kim lo i trung t m c b c b i m t l p c ch i n v m t l i kim lo i � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �� � ch ng nhi u. ngo i c ng l v b c c ch i n. S i kim lo i trung t m v l i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� kim lo i l m th nh hai s i d n i n ng tr c# EMBED Word.Picture.8 ###C hai � � � � � � � �� � � lo i c p ng tr c kh c nhau v i nh ng ch nh kh c nhau v k thu t v thi t � � �� � � � � � �� � � � � � � b gh p n i i k m: c p ng tr c m ng (gi th nh r , d ng ph bi n), c p ng � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �� tr c b o ( t h n, c kh n ng ch ng nhi u t t h n, th ng c dung li n k t � � �� � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � m ng trong m i tr ng c ng nghi p)C p i d y xo n: c s d ng r ng r i trong � � �� � � � �� � � ��� � � � � c c m ng i n tho i c th k o d i h ng c y s m kh ng c n b khuy ch i. C u � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � t o g m nhi u s i kim lo i c ch i n v i nhau. C c s i n y t ng i m t xo n l i� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � v i nhau nh m h n ch nhi u i n t . C hai lo i c p xo n i c s d ng hi n � � � � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � nay: c p c b c kim lo i (STP), c p kh ng b c kim lo i (UTP).C p STP c l p b o � � � � � � � � � � � � v d i v b c ngo i. C kh n ng ch ng nhi u t t v c ng t h n. C p UTP kh ng� �� � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � c l p b o v d i b c ngo i ( d ng ph bi n v gi r C p s i quang: l c p � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � truy n d n s ng nh s ng, c c u tr c t ng t nh c p ng tr c v i ch t li u � � � � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � l thu tinh. T c l g m m t d y d n trung t m (m t ho c m t b s i thu tinh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ho c plastic c th truy n d n t n hi u quang) c b c m t l p o c t c d ng � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ph n x c c t n hi u tr l i gi m s m t m t t n hi u. C hai lo i c p s i � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � quang l : single-mode (ch c m t ng d n quang duy nh t), multi-mode (c � � � � ��� � � � nhi u ng d n quang)( c p s i quang c suy hao t n hi u th p, kh ng b nh � ��� � � � � �� � � � � � � h ng c a nhi u i n t v c c hi u ng i n kh c, kh ng b ph t hi n v thu �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � tr m, an to n th ng tin tr n m ng c b o m. Kh l p t, gi th nh caoS ng � � � � � ��� � �� � � �� � � � c c ng n th ng c d ng truy n gi a c c tr m m t t v c c v tinh. Ch ng � � �� ��� � �� � � � � � �� � � � � truy n c c t n hi u qu ng b t m t tr m ph t t i nhi u tr m thu.S ng h ng �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ngo i: M i tr ng truy n d n s ng h ng ngo i l m t m i tr ng nh h ng, trong� � �� � � � � � � � � �� �� �� di n h p v v y n ch th ch h p cho m t m ng di n h p b n k nh t 0.5m n 20 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� m, v i c c thi t b t b di chuy n. T c truy n d li u xung quanh 10MbpsS ng� � � � � � � � �� � � � � radio: m i tr ng truy n d n s ng radio l m t m i tr ng nh h ng trong m ng � �� � � � � � � �� �� �� � di n r ng v i b n k nh 30 km. T c truy n d li u h ng ch c Mbps.B. Ki n tr c � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � m ng m y t nh (Network architecture)Ki n tr c m ng m y t nh th hi n c ch n i � � � � � � � � � � � � c c m y t nh v i nhau ra sao v t p h p c c quy t c, quy c m t t c c c th c � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � th tham gia truy n th ng tr n m ng ph i tu n theo m b o cho m ng ho t ng� � � � � � � �� �� � � � �� t t.C ch n i c c m y t nh c g i l h nh tr ng (topolopy) c a m ng hay n i cho� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � g n l topo m ngT p h p c c quy t c, quy c truy n th ng c g i l giao th c � � � � � � � �� � � ��� � � � (protocol) c a m ngTopo m ngC hai ki u k t n i m ng ch y u l i m - i m � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (point-to-point) v qu ng b (broadcast hay point-to-multipoint)Ki u k t n i � � � � � � i m - i m, c c ng truy n n i t ng c p n t v i nhau v m i n t u c tr ch � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �� � � nhi m l u tr t m th i sau chuy n ti p d li u i t i ch. Do c ch l m vi c � � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � nh th n n m ng ki u n y c n c g i l m ng l u v chuy n ti p (store and � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � forward). N i chung c c m ng di n r ng u s d ng nguy n t c n y.Ki u qu ng b :� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � T t c c c n t m ng d ng chung m t ng truy n v t l . D li u g i i t m t � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � n t m ng c th c t t c c c n t m ng c n l i ti p nh n ( ch c n ch ra a � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� ch ch c a d li u m i n t ki m tra xem c ph i l g i cho m nh hay kh ng.#� �� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � EMBED Word.Picture.8 #### EMBED Word.Picture.8 ###Trong c c topo d ng v ng � � � ho c d ng tuy n t nh c n c m t c ch tr ng t i gi i quy t xung t khi � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � �� nhi u n t mu n truy n tin c ng m t l c. Vi c c p ph t ng truy n c th l � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ng ho c t nh . + C p ph t t nh th ng dung c ch quay v ng ph n chia ��� � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � �� � ng truy n theo c c kho ng th i gian nh tr c. + C p ph t ng l c p ��� � � � � �� �� � � ��� � � � ph t theo y u c u h n ch th i gian ch t v ch c a ng truy n.Giao th c � � � �� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � m ngVi c trao i th ng tin cho d l n gi n nh t, c ng u ph i tu n theo � � �� � � � �� � � � �� � � nh ng quy t c nh t nh. Hai ng i n i chuy n v i nhau mu n cho cu c n i chuy n � � � �� �� � � � � � � � c k t qu th t nh t c hai c ng ph i ng m nh tu n theo quy t c: khi ng i � � � � � � � � � � �� � � �� n y n i th ng i kia ph i nghe v ng c l i. Vi c truy n t n hi u tr n m ng � � � �� � � �� � � � � � � � c ng v y, c n ph i c nh ng quy t c, quy c v nhi u m t+ Khu n d ng c a d � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � li u: c ph p v ng ngh a+ Th t c g i v nh n d li u+ Ki m so t ch t l ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� truy n+ X l c c l i, s c T p h p t t c c c quy t c, quy c tr n g i l � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � giao th c m ng. Y u c u v x l v trao i th ng tin c a ng i s d ng ng y � � � � � � � � �� � � �� � � � c ng cao th giao th c m ng c ng ph c t p. C c m ng c th c giao th c kh c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � nhau tu thu c v o s l a ch n c a nh thi t k .III. Ph n lo i m ng m y t nhC � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � nhi u c ch ph n lo i m ng m y t nh tu thu c v o y u t ch nh c ch n l m � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � ch ti u ph n lo i: kho ng c ch a l , k thu t chuy n m ch, ki n tr c c a � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � m ng.1. Theo kho ng c ch a l Ph n l m 4 lo i: m ng c c b , m ng th , m ng � � � �� � � � � � � � � �� � � di n r ng, m ng to n c uM ng c c b (Local Area� � � � � � � � Networks - LAN): c i t trong ph m vi t ng i h p, kho ng c ch l n nh t gi a� �� � �� �� � � � � � � c c m y t nh n i m ng l v i ch c km.M ng th (Metropolitan Area Networks - � � � � � � � � � �� � MAN): c i t trong ph m vi m t th , m t trung t m kinh t x h i, c b n � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � k nh nh h n 100 kmM ng di n r ng (Wide Area Networks - WAN): ph m vi c a m ng � � � � � � � � � c th v t qua bi n gi i qu c gia v th m ch c l c aM ng to n c u (Global � � �� � � � � � � � � �� � � � Area Networks - GAN): ph m vi r ng kh p c c l c a2. K thu t chuy n m chPh n � � � � � �� � � � � � l m 3 lo i: m ng chuy n m ch k nh, m ng chuy n m ch th ng b o, m ng chuy n m ch � � � � � � � � � � � � � � g i.a. M ng chuy n m ch k nh � � � � � Khi c hai th c th c n trao i th ng tin v i � � � � �� � � nhau th gi a ch ng s thi t l p m t k nh c nh v c duy tr cho n khi � � � � � � � � � � � �� � ��� � �� m t trong hai b n ng t li n l c. C c d li u ch c truy n theo con ng c � � � � � � � � � ��� � ��� � nh .# EMBED Word.Picture.8 ###( Nh c i m: + t n th i gian thi t l p �� �� �� � � � � �� � � k nh c nh gi a hai th c th� � �� � � � + Hi u su t s d ng ng truy n � � � � ��� � th p v s c l c k nh b b kh ng do c hai b n u h t th ng tin c n truy n � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � trong khi c c th c th kh c kh ng c ph p s d ng k nh truy n n y.b. M ng � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � chuy n m ch th ng b oTh ng b o (message) l m t n v th ng tin c a ng i s � � � � � � � � �� � � � �� � d ng c khu n d ng c qui nh tr c. M i th ng b o u c ch a v ng th ng tin� � � � ��� �� �� � � � �� � � � � i u khi n trong ch nh r ch c a th ng b o. C n c v o th ng tin n y m � � � �� � �� � �� � � � � � � � � � m i n t trung gian c th chuy n th ng b o t i n t k ti p theo ng d n t i � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � ch c a n . M i n t c n ph i l u tr t m th i c c th ng tin i u �� � � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � �� �� � � � khi n tr n th ng b o sau chuy n ti p th ng b o i. Tu thu c v o i u ki n� � � � �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � c a m ng, c c th ng b o kh c nhau c th truy n theo ng truy n kh c nhau.# � � � � � � � � � ��� � � EMBED Word.Picture.8 ### u i m so v i m ng chuy n m ch k nh:Hi u su t s d ng � � � � � � � � � � � � ng truy n cao v kh ng b chi m d ng c quy n m c ph n chia gi a nhi u ��� � � � � � � �� � � ��� � � � th c th M i n t m ng c th l u tr th ng b o cho t i khi k nh truy n r i m i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � g i th ng b o i ( gi m c t nh tr ng t c ngh n m chC th i u khi n vi c � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � truy n tin b ng c ch s p x p u ti n cho c c th ng b oC th t ng hi u su t � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � s d ng gi i th ng b ng c ch g n a ch qu ng b g i th ng b o ng th i t i� � � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �� � � nhi u chNh c i m:Kh ng h n ch k ch th c c a c c th ng b o, d n n ph t n� �� �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � l u tr t m th i cao v nh h ng t i th i gian p v ch t l ng truy nTh ch � � � � � � �� � � �� � � �� � � h p cho c c d ch v th t n i n t h n l c c p d ng c t nh th i gian th c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � v t n t i tr do l u tr v x l th ng tin i u khi n t i m i n t.c. M ng � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � chuy n m ch g iM i th ng b o c chia l m nhi u ph n nh h n c g i l c c � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � g i tin c khu n d ng quy nh tr c. M i g i tin c ng ch a c c th ng tin i u � � � � �� �� � � � � � � � � khi n, trong c a ch ngu n (ng i g i) v ch (ng i nh n) c a g i tin. � �� � �� � � �� � � �� �� � � � C c g i tin c a m t th ng b o c th i qua m ng t i ch b ng nhi u con ng � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � ��� kh c nhau. L c nh n c, th t nh n c kh ng ng th t c g i i.# � � � ��� � � � ��� � �� � � ��� � � EMBED Word.Picture.8 ###So s nh m ng chuy n m ch th ng b o v m ng chuy n m ch � � � � � � � � � � g iGi ng nhau: ph ng ph p gi ng nhauKh c nhau: C c g i tin c gi i h n k ch � � �� � � � � � ��� � � � th c t i a sao cho c c n t m ng c th x l to n b g i tin trong b nh m �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � kh ng c n ph i l u tr t m th i tr n a. V th m ng chuy n m ch g i truy n c c� � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � g i tin qua m ng nhanh ch ng v hi u qu h n so v i m ng chuy n m ch th ng b o. � � � � � � � � � � � � � Nh ng v n kh kh n c a m ng lo i n y l vi c t p h p c c g i tin t o l i � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � th ng b o ban u c a ng i s d ng, c bi t trong tr ng h p c c g i c � � �� � �� � � �� � �� � � � ��� truy n theo nhi u ng kh c nhau. C n ph i c i t c ch nh d u g i tin � � ��� � � � � �� � � ��� � � � v ph c h i g i tin b th t l c ho c truy n b l i cho c c n t m ng.Do c u � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � i m m m d o v hi u su t cao h n n n hi n nay m ng chuy n m ch g i c s d ng� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � ph bi n h n c c m ng chuy n m ch th ng b oXu h ng ph t tri n c a m ng ng y nay� � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � l t ch h p c hai k thu t chuy n m ch (k nh v g i) trong m t m ng th ng nh t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ( m ng d ch v t ch h p s 3. Ph n lo i theo ki n tr c m ng Ph n lo i m ng theo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � topo v giao th c s d ngC c m ng th ng hay c nh c n: m ng SNA c a IBM, � � � � � � �� ��� � �� � � m ng ISO, m ng TCP/IP� � B i 2. Ki n tr c ph n t ng v m h nh OSII. Ki n tr c ph n t ng1. Ki n tr c ph n� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � t ng gi m ph c t p c a vi c thi t k v c i t m ng, h u h t c c m y t nh � �� � �� � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � u c ph n t ch thi t k theo quan i m ph n t ng. M i h th ng th nh ph n �� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � c a m ng c xem nh m t c u tr c a t ng, trong m i t ng c x y d ng tr n� � ��� � � � � � � �� � � ��� � � � t ng tr c n . S l ng c c t ng c ng nh t n v ch c n ng c a m i t ng tu � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � thu c v o nh thi t k . Trong h u h t c c m ng, m c ch c a m i t ng l cung� � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � �� c p m t s d ch v nh t nh cho t ng cao h n ( m i t ng khi s d ng kh ng c n � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � quan t m n c c thao t c chi ti t m c c d ch v ph i th c hi n.� �� � � � � � � � �� � � � #T ng N##� ##T ng i +1##T ng i##T ng i -1####T ng 1## ng truy n v t l H nh 7. Minh � � � � ��� � � � � ho ki n tr c ph n t ng t ng qu tNguy n t c c a ki n tr c m ng ph n t ng: M i h� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � th ng trong m t m ng u c c u tr c t ng nh nhau (s l ng t ng, ch c n ng c a� � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � m i t ng)D li u kh ng c truy n tr c ti p t t ng i c a h th ng n y sang � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � t ng th i c a h th ng kia (ngo i tr i v i t ng th p nh t). B n g i d li u � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � c ng v i c c th ng tin i u khi n chuy n n t ng ngay d i n v c th cho n� � � � � � � � �� � �� � � � � �� t ng th p nh t. B n d i t ng n y l ng truy n v t l , y s truy n tin � � � � �� � � � ��� � � � � �� � � m i th c s di n ra. i v i b n nh n th c c th ng tin c chuy n t t ng d i� � � � �� � � � � � � ��� � � � �� l n tr n cho t i t ng i c a h th ng nh nGi a hai h th ng k t n i ch t ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � th p nh t m i c li n k t v t l c n t ng cao h n ch l li n k t logic hay � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � li n k t o2. C c v n c n ph i gi i quy t khi thi t k c c t ngC ch n i, � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � t ch: m i m t t ng c n c m t c ch thi t l p k t n i (t c l ph i c m t c� � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � ch nh a ch t t c c c m y trong m ng), v c m t c ch k t th c k t� �� �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � n i khi m s k t n i l kh ng c n thi t n aC c quy t c truy n d li u: Trong � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � c c h th ng kh c nhau d li u c th truy n theo m t s c ch kh c nhau:+ Truy n� � � � � � � � � � � � � � m t h ng + Truy n theo c hai h ng kh ng ng th i+ Truy n hai h ng ng th i� �� � � �� � �� � � �� �� � Ki m so t l i: ng truy n v t l n i chung l kh ng ho n h o, c n ph i tho � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � thu n d ng m n o ph t hi n, ki m tra l i v s a l i. Ph a nh n ph i c kh � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � n ng th ng b o cho b n g i bi t c c g i tin n o thu ng, g i tin n o ph t � � � � � � � � � �� �� � � � l i. d i b n tin: Kh ng ph i m i qu tr nh u ch p nh n d i g i tin l � �� � � � � � � � �� � � �� � � � tu , c n ph i c c ch chia b n tin th nh c c g i tin nh Th t c c g i� � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � tin: C c k nh truy n c th gi kh ng ng th t c c g i tin ( c c ch b n� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � thu gh p ng th t ban u.T c ph t v thu d li u: B n ph t c t c cao � �� � � �� � �� � � � � � � � � �� c th l m l t b n thu c t c th p. C n ph i c c ch b n thu b o cho � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � b n ph t bi t t nh tr ng .II. M t s kh i ni m c b n1. T ng (layer)M i qu � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � tr nh trao i th ng tin gi a hai i t ng u th c hi n qua nhi u b c, c c � �� � � �� �� �� � � � �� � b c n y c l p t ng i v i nhau. Th ng tin c trao i gi a hai i t ng �� � �� � �� �� � � ��� �� � �� �� A, B qua 3 b c:Ph t tin: Th ng tin chuy n t t ng cao ( t ng th pNh n tin: �� � � � � � � � � Th ng tin chuy n t t ng th p ( t ng caoQu tr nh trao i th ng tin tr c ti p � � � � � � � � �� � � � qua ng truy n v t l (th c hi n t ng cu i c ng)2. Giao di n, d ch v , n ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� v d li u M i quan h gi a hai t ng k nhau g i l giao di nM i quan h gi a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � hai t ng ng m c c a hai h th ng kh c nhau g i l giao th cTh c th (entity): � �� � � � � � � � � � � l th nh ph n t ch c c trong m i t ng, n c th l m t ti n tr nh trong h a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � x l hay l m t tr nh con c c th c th trong c ng 1 t ng c c h th ng kh c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � nhau (g i l th c th ngang h ng hay th c th ng m c)M i th c th c th � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � truy n th ng l n t ng tr n ho c t ng d i n th ng qua m t giao di n � � � � � � � �� � � � � (interface). Giao di n g m m t ho c nhi u i m truy nh p d ch v (Service Access� � � � � � � � � � Point - SAP). T i c c i m truy nh p d ch v t ng tr n ch c th s d ng d ch � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � v do t ng d i cung c p.Th c th c chia l m hai lo i: th c th cung c p d ch� � �� � � � ��� � � � � � � v v s d ng d ch v + Th c th cung c p d ch v (service provide): l c c th c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � th t ng N cung c p d ch v cho t ng N +1+ Th c th s d ng d ch v (service � � � � � � � � � � � � � user): l c c th c th t ng N s d ng d ch v do t ng N - 1 cung c p n v �� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � d li u s d ng giao th c (Protocol Data Unit - PDU) n v d li u d ch v � � � � � �� � � � � � (Service Data Unit - SDU)Th ng tin i u khi n (Protocol Control Information - � � � � PCI)M t n v d li u m 1 th c th t ng N c a h th ng A g i sang th c th � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � t ng N m t h th ng B kh ng b ng ng truy n tr c ti p m ph i truy n xu ng � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � d i truy n b ng t ng th p nh t th ng qua ng truy n v t l . + D li u �� �� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � t ng N-1 nh n c do t ng N truy n xu ng g i l SDU. + Ph n th ng tin i u � � ��� � � � � � � � � � khi n c a m i t ng g i l PCI. + t ng N-1 ph n th ng tin i u khi n PCI th m � � � � � � � � � � � � � � v o u c a SDU t o th nh PDU. N u SDU qu d i th c t nh th nh nhi u o n, m i� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � o n b sung ph n PCI, t o th nh nhi u PDU.B n h th ng nh n tr nh t di n ra � � � � � � � � � � � � � � theo chi u ng c l i. Qua m i t ng PCI t ng ng s c ph n t ch v c t b � �� � � � �� � � ��� � � � � � kh i PDU tr c khi g i l n t ng tr n.III. M h nh OSI1. Gi i thi uKhi thi t k � �� � � � � � � � � � � c c nh thi t k t do l a ch n ki n tr c m ng ri ng c a m nh. T d n n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � �� t nh tr ng kh ng t ng th ch gi a c c m ng: ph ng ph p truy nh p ng truy n � � � �� � � � � �� � � ��� � kh c nhau, s d ng h giao th c kh c nhau, S kh ng t ng th ch l m cho � � � � � � � � �� � �� � ng i s d ng c c m ng kh c nhau kh ng th trao i th ng tin v i nhau c. S �� � � � � � � � �� � � ��� � th c b ch c a kh ch h ng khi n cho c c nh s n xu t v nh ng nh nghi n c u, � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � th ng qua t ch c chu n ho qu c t v qu c gia t m ra m t gi i ph p chung � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � d n n s h i t c a c c s n ph m m ng. Tr n c s nh ng nh thi t k v c c� �� � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � nghi n c u l y l m khung chu n cho s n ph m c a m nh.1977 T ch c ti u chu n � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � ho qu c t (International Organization for Standardization - ISO) a ra m t � � � �� � ti u chu n v m ng.1984 ISO a ra m h nh 7 t ng g i l m h nh tham chi u cho� � � � �� � � � � � � � � vi c n i k t c c h th ng m (Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection -� � � � � � � OSI Reference Model) g i t t l m h nh OSI. M h nh n y c d ng l m c s � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � �� n i k t c c h th ng m ph c v cho c c ng d ng ph n t n ( M i h th ng tu n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � theo m h nh tham chi u OSI u c th truy n th ng tin v i nhau.#H th ng A� � � �� � � � � � � � H th ng B� � 7#APPLICATION##6#PRESENTATION##5#SEsSION##4#TRANSPORT##3#NETWORK##2#DATA LINK##1#PHYSICAL## ng d ng#7##Tr nh di n#6##Phi n#5##Giao v n#4##M ng#3##Li n � � � � � � � � k t d li u#2##V t l #1##� � � � � 2. Ch c n ng c c t ng trong m h nh OSIa. T ng v t l (physical)T ng v t l � � � � � � � � � � � � li n quan n truy n d ng c c bit gi a c c m y v i nhau b ng ng truy n v t � �� � � � � � � � � ��� � � l . T ng n y li n k t c c giao di n h m c , quang v i n v i c p. Ngo i ra n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � c ng chuy n t i nh ng t n hi u truy n d li u do c c t ng tr n t o ra.Vi c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � thi t k ph i b o m n u b n ph t g i b t 1 th b n thu c ng ph i nh n b t 1 � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � ch kh ng ph i b t 0T ng n y ph i quy nh r m c i n p bi u di n d li u 1 � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � v 0 l bao nhi u von trong v ng bao nhi u gi yChi u truy n tin l 1 hay 2 � � � � � � � � � chi u, c ch th c k t n i v hu b k t n i nh ngh a c ch k t n i c p v i card � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � m ng: b n i c bao nhi u ch n, ch c n ng c a m i ch nT m l i: Thi t k t ng v t� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � l ph i gi i quy t c c v n gh p n i c , i n, t o ra c c h m, th t c truy� � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � �� nh p ng truy n, ng truy n c c b t.b. T ng li n k t d li u (data link)Cung� ��� � ��� � � � � � � � � c p ph ng ti n truy n th ng tin qua li n k t v t l m b o tin c y: g i c c� �� � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � kh i d li u v i c ch ng b ho , ki m so t l i v ki m so t lu ng d li u � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � c n thi tC c b c t ng li n k t d li u th c hi n:+ Chia nh th nh c c kh i d � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � li u frame (v i tr m bytes), ghi th m v o u v cu i c a c c frame nh ng nh m � � � � � �� � � � � � � b t c bi t l m ranh gi i gi a c c frame+ Tr n c c ng truy n v t l lu n� �� � �� � � � � � � ��� � � � � c l i n n t ng n y ph i gi i quy t v n s a l i (do b n tin b h ng, m t v � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � truy n l i)+ Gi cho s ng b t c gi a b n ph t v b n thuT m l i: t ng � � � � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � li n k t d li u ch u tr ch nhi m chuy n khung d li u kh ng l i t m y t nh n y� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � sang m y t nh kh c th ng qua t ng v t l . T ng n y cho ph p t ng m ng truy n d � � � � � � � � � � � � � � li u g n nh kh ng ph m l i qua li n k t m ngc. T ng m ng (Network)L p a ch � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � c c th ng i p, di n d ch a ch v t n logic th nh a ch v t l Ki m so t v � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � � i u khi n ng truy n: nh r c c b tin c truy n i theo con ng n o t � � � ��� � �� � � � ��� � � ��� � � ngu n t i ch. C c con ng c th l c nh i v i nh ng m ng t thay � � �� � ��� �� � � � � �� �� � � � � i, c ng c th l ng ngh a l c c con ng ch c x c nh tr c khi b t �� � � � � �� � � � ��� � ��� � �� �� � u cu c n i chuy n. C c con ng c th thay i tu theo tr ng th i t i �� � � � � ��� �� � � �� � � � � t c th i.Qu n l l u l ng tr n m ng: chuy n i g i, nh tuy n, ki m so t s � � � � � �� � � � �� � �� � � � � t c ngh n d li u (n u c nhi u g i tin c ng c g i i tr n ng truy n th � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � c th x y ra t c ngh n )Ki m so t lu ng d li u v c t h p d li u (n u c n)Ch� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � : Trong m ng ph n t n nhi m v c a t ng r t n gi n th m ch c th kh ng t n � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � t i d. T ng giao v n (Transport)Th c hi n vi c truy n d li u gi a hai u n t � � � � � � � � � � �� � (end - to - end)Th c hi n ki m so t l i, ki m so t lu ng d li u t m y ( m y. � � � � � � � � � � � � � m b o g i tin truy n kh ng ph m l i, theo ng tr nh t , kh ng b m t m t hay �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � sao ch p.Th c hi n vi c gh p k nh, ph n k nh c t h p d li u (n u c n). ng g i� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � th ng i p, chia th ng i p d i th nh nhi u g i tin v g p c c g i nh th nh m t� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � b T ng n y t o ra m t k t n i cho m i y u c u c a t ng tr n n . Khi c nhi u y u� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � c u t t ng tr n v i th ng l ng cao th n c th t o ra nhi u k t n i v c ng � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � m t l c c th g i i nhi u b tin tr n ng truy ne. T ng phi n (Session)Cung � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � c p ph ng ti n truy n th ng gi a c c ng d ng: cho ph p ng i s d ng tr n c c � �� � � � � � � � � �� � � � � m y kh c nhau c th thi t l p, duy tr , hu b v ng b ho c c phi n truy n � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � th ng gi a h v i nhau.Nhi m v ch nh:+ Qu n l th b i i v i nh ng nghi th c:� � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � hai b n k t n i truy n th ng tin kh ng ng th i th c hi n m t s thao t c. � � � �� � � � �� � � � � � � gi i quy t v n n y t ng phi n cung c p 1 th b i, th b i c th c trao�� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � ��� i v ch b n n o gi th b i m i c th th c hi n m t s thao t c quan tr ng+�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � V n ng b : khi c n truy n i nh ng t p tin d i t ng n y ch n th m c c i m� �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ki m tra (check point) v o lu ng d li u. N u ph t hi n th y l i th ch c d � � � � � � � � � � � � � � li u sau i m ki m tra cu i c ng m i ph i truy n l if. T ng tr nh di n � � � � � � � � � � � � � (Presentation)Quy t nh d ng th c trao i d li u gi a c c m y t nh m ng. � �� � � �� � � � � � � � Ng i ta c th g i y l b d ch m ng. b n g i, t ng n y chuy n i c ph p �� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � �� � � d li u t d ng th c do t ng ng d ng g i xu ng sang d ng th c trung gian m � � � � � � � � � � � � � ng d ng n o c ng c th nh n bi t. b n nh n, t ng n y chuy n c c d ng th c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � trung gian th nh d ng th c th ch h p cho t ng ng d ng c a m y nh n. T ng tr nh � � � � � � � � � � � � � di n ch u tr ch nhi m chuy n i giao th c, bi n d ch d li u, m ho d li u, � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � thay i hay chuy n i k t v m r ng l nh ho . N n d li u nh m l m gi m �� � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � b t s b t c n truy n t ng n y c b i h ng ho t ng i h ng c c ho t � � � � � � � � � � �� �� � �� �� �� �� � � ng nh p/xu t g i n c c t i nguy n tr n m y ph c v g. T ng ng d ng �� � � �� � �� � � � � � � � � � � (Application)Cung c p c c ph ng ti n ng i s d ng c th truy nh p c v o� � �� � �� �� � � � � � ��� � m i tr ng OSI, ng th i cung c p c c d ch v th ng tin ph n t n.T ng n y ng � �� �� � � � � � � � � � � �� vai tr nh c a s d nh cho ho t ng x l c c tr nh ng d ng nh m truy nh p � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � c c d ch v m ng. N bi u di n nh ng d ch v h tr tr c ti p c c ng d ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ng i d ng, ch ng h n nh ph n m m chuy n tin, truy nh p c s d li u v email.�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � X l truy nh p m ng chung, ki m so t l i v ph c h i l i.3. D ch v v h mD ch � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � [...]... serverM� h�nh theo �� tr�n m�ng c� �t nh�t 1 m�y c� vai tr� ��c bi�t: qu�n l� t�i nguy�n d�ng chung c�a to�n b� m�ng theo ch� �� chia x� ���c quy�t ��nh b�i ng��i qu�n tr� m�yC� 4 m�c chia x�: + read only+ Exec only+ read write+ right controlQuy�n truy nh�p: + t�n ng��i d�ng v� m�t kh�u+ v� tr� truy nh�p v� th�i gian truy nh�p�u �i�m: + T� ch�c qu�n tr� t�p trung ( an to�n, an ninh+ T�ng hi�u su�t ng��i s�... tr�n m�ng c� vai tr� nh� nhau, t�i nguy�n d�ng chung �� chia s� theo quy ��nh c�a ng��i qu�n tr� t�ng m�y m�t Kh�ng c� m�y n�o ���c ch� ��nh ch�u tr�ch nhi�m qu�n tr� m�ng, c� hai m�c chia s� : read only v� read write (full computer)Ph�n m�m �i�u h�nh m�ng kh�ng nh�t thi�t ph�i c� kh� n�ng thi h�nh v� t�nh b�o m�t t��ng x�ng v�i ph�n m�m �i�u h�nh ���c thi�t k� cho m�y ph�c v� chuy�n d�ng V� d�: Microsoft... trong c�c m�ng c�c b� hi�n nay: ph��ng ph�p AASMA/CD, Token Bus, Token RingII Ph��ng ph�p CSMA/CDCSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) Ph��ng ph�p �a truy nh�p s� d�ng s�ng mang c� ph�t hi�n xung ��tPh��ng ph�p n�y s� d�ng cho topo d�ng tuy�n t�nh, trong �� t�t c� c�c tr�m c�a m�ng ��u ���c n�i tr�c ti�p v�o bus M�i tr�m ��u c� th� truy nh�p v�o bus chung (�a truy nh�p) m�t... - nghe trong khi n�i) t�c l� b� xung th�m c�c quy t�c: Khi m�t tr�m �ang truy�n, n� v�n ti�p t�c nghe ���ng truy�n N�u ph�t hi�n th�y xung ��t th� n� ng�ng ngay vi�c truy�n nh�ng v�n ti�p t�c g�i s�ng mang th�m m�t th�i gian n�a �� ��m b�o r�ng t�t c� c�c tr�m tr�n m�ng ��u c� th� nghe ���c s� ki�n xung ��t ��.Sau �� tr�m ch� ��i m�t th�i gian ng�u nhi�n n�o �� r�i th� truy�n l�i theo c�c quy t�c c�a... 10Mbps.1 10BASE-5M� h�nhph�n c�ng c�a m�ngTopo d�ng BUSD�ng c�p ��ng tr�c b�o 50 ( c�n g�i l� c�p v�ng, AUI connector (Attachement Unit Interface)Hai ��u c�p c� hai Terminator 50 (, ch�ng ph�n h�i s�ng mang t�n hi�u D� li�u truy�n th�ng s� kh�ng ���c ��m b�o ��ng ��n n�u m�t trong hai Terminator n�y b� thi�u ho�c b� l�i.Tr�n m�i �o�n c�p c� th� li�n k�t t�i �a 100 AUI Transceiver Connector �c�i� Kho�ng... #### EMBED Word.Picture.8 ###2 10BASE-2M� h�nh ph�n c�ngTopo d�ng BUSD�ng c�p ��ng tr�c m�ng 50 (, ���ng k�nh x�p x� 5mm, T-connector, BNC connectorHai ��u c�p c� hai Terminator 50 (, ch�ng ph�n h�i s�ng mang d� li�u D� li�u truy�n th�ng s� kh�ng ���c ��m b�o ��ng ��n n�u m�t trong hai Terminator n�y b� thi�u ho�c b� l�i Tr�n m�i �o�n c�p c� th� li�n k�t t�i �a 30 tr�m l�m vi�c Kho�ng c�ch t�i thi�u gi�a... l� So s�nh �u nh��c �i�m c�a c�c ph��ng ph�p ��.C�c thi�t bi gh�p n�i m�ngC�c b��c c�n th�c hi�n trong qu� tr�nh ph�n t�ch thi�t k� x�y d�ng m�ng.C�c chu�n truy�n th�ng m�ngB�i t�p th�c h�nhI Thi�t l�p mang m�y t�nh LAN1 Gi�i thi�u v� c�c thi�t b� s� d�ng trong ph�ng th� nghi�mD�y n�i m�ng: l� lo�i d�y UTP - d�y xo�n ��i tr�n ��y l� lo�i d�y ph� bi�n trong c�c m�ng c�c b� �� d�i t�i �a c�a d�y xo�n ��i . quy t nh b i ng i qu n tr m yC 4 � � � � � �� � ��� � �� � �� � � � � m c chia x : + read only+ Exec only+ read write+ right controlQuy n truy nh p: +� � � � t n ng i d ng v m t kh u+ v tr truy. o�� � �� � �� � � � � � � � � � c ch nh ch u tr ch nhi m qu n tr m ng, c hai m c chia s : read only v ��� � �� � � � � � � � � � � read write (full computer)Ph n m m i u h nh m ng kh ng nh t thi. ###T##################################� � � � � � � � #############################O###### #######0� ## ###0 LYvc # ####### ####### C###### [##n#####################################� � � � � � � ################################################################################ ####################Ng