Birds - Section 5 - Birds house docx

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Any man- made devices that will help to replace the birds' dwindling supply of natural shelter will be a distinct benefit to them. Successful bird attraction requires an adequate number of the right kind of birdhouses. Birdhouses must be built for speciflc types of birds, not just for birds in general, and they must be correctly located and maintained. The con- struction of birdhouses offers a dual pleasure: flrst, the enjoyment of making them; second, the adventure of attract- ing and sheltering birds with them. know the birds you want to attract It is common knowledge that wrens will build a nest in almost any type of shelter-an old tin can, a shoe, or a flowerpot. This fact has led many people to believe that all birds are no more selective in their choice of a shelter. This impression is far from the truth. Birds as a rule are very particular about where their nests are buitt and how they are made. For this reason you must plan a house for a speciflc bird, making sure that it is the correct size, has the proper opening, and is placed at a predetermined height above the ground. The birdhouses described in this book follow these specifi.cations, and in building them you can be assured that they meet the needs of the birds for which they are intended. two types of birds The birds that the amateur bird fancier will want to attract to his birdhouse can be divided into two groups: the tree dwellers and the cavity dwellers. Tree dwellers will not live in a house or any kind of cavity. For example, the Baltimore Orio1e will never build a nest in a man-made or a nature- made box. The oriole always builds its own graceful nest out of hair and other weaving materials, suspending it from branches, such as those of the elm tree. On the other hand, woodpeckers always build their nests in the hollow of trees or in other cavities. A report of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service states that there are more than 50 species of birds that will occupy man-made houses. There should be little difficulty, 116 ujnssnl/^l crlqnd aalneMlrr! 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Here is a neat, handy box that stores the materials in one place, keeps them dry and ready for the birds to use, and when the nesting season is over, the box can be used as a suet feeder. The construction of this neat, handy box is simple. Nail together the stock for the two sides so that these two pieces can be cut in one operation. Drill the tA-inch holes for the dowels, making one right-hand and one left-hand. Cut all the other pieces. Nail the back to the bottom, and then nail on the sides after the dowels are inserted. Put brads through the dowels. Then fit the top or lid and attach it with a 1 by 1 inch hinge cut in half. Give the box a coat of weatherproof stain or paint if you want to. bill of materials Z-t/z x31/z x 93/+ in. L-r/zx6 x 9 in. t-Yzx9 x12 in. L-t/e x5 xL2 in. 6-l+-in. dia. x 97+ in.long 1-1 x 1 in. 118 6TT J]VH Nl rnf 39NlH lX I /, 1 V/l Z t \ r- @1 \al o !L IJl\lE / 6 I zl Y3V€ ,'|J,,2/l:AVH /' sufNuol ]-]v nZ/l v30rs llv t/\ot10€ :t d3ao "e/t - s1-10q,?/l I \/ - ^LJrf st\4EllM ^Nrrr Nr JI\II5.fI\ .), ,1 -fe ,r,,, I trl- -+ z/t J -?/l v/E 6 + I IS JJU o9l - Gommercial birdhouses Some excellent birdhouses made by reputable fi.rms are on the market. You will flnd the manufacturers listed in the better periodicals, such as the Audubon Magazine. While they will certainly meet the needs of the bird fancier, the manual training student and homecrafter can make houses that are just as good and cost a tot less. The houses shown on the following pages can be made by anyone. Other bird- houses are also sold that simply do not come up to basic requirements. Painted in bright colors to catch the cus- tomer's eye, they frequently are found on the shelves of roadside stands and novelty shops. As a rule they are not the right dimensions, have the wrong-size openings, are made of poor materials, and are constructed unsatisfac- torily. They are designed for decoration rather than for bird attraction. This word of warning should be enough to steer you clear of them. some practical building hints Here are some suggestions for making any type of bird- houses. First, design it for the bird it is to shelter. Try to duplicate as closely as possible the natural shelter of the bird. A woodpecker, for example, will be more at home in a house covered with bark than one painted green. Second, construct your birdhouses with care, taking special pains to produce accurate, good fitting joints. Third, make the house pleasing in appearance but do not make a garden ornament out of it. You may like fancy designs and bright colors, but birds don't. The houses on the following pages incorporate almost all of the following suggestions. There will be some variations in the specifications for a particular birdhouse, such as the use of tin or of rooflng paper for covering the roof joint. Such variations can be supplied to any of the designs. Use your own imagination to make changes as long as you d.o not depart from the basic speciflcations and size. fn most instances, the houses may be altered to accommodate other birds by changing the size of the opening and making the house deeper or shallower according to speciflcations for the species. Lzo - TZT etuos 'lsau oql Jo +no 3u11me.rc uoq/$ oluo Sueq o1 3urq1 -eruos 'Ilera s€ sauo plo aq+ pu€ 'spJlq dqeq eq1 sea13 poo.{!l q8no.r oq; 'polqtuess€ sI esnoq eq+ ueq^e oplsuT oql uo aq IITna ec?JJns q8no.r eql lerp os seceld er{l lno z[e1 'esnoq oq+ p11nq nozf uertr1y1 'q5no.r lJeI aq lI +€qt {s€ tnq.reueld eq1 q8no.rql 11 8u1uun.r rfq.requrnl oql qlooTus ol lu€.rll.r(eur e11 '11 lgds pue {cols ral^€oq o{€l Urr\t u€rureqrunl .rnoÄ 'roqrunl l6crrT-ah esn o+ Suro8 e.re nor( g1 'q8no.r eprsuT erl+ o^€eT 'g 'lrede II€J III/Ia esnoq oql pu€ +snJ uoos z(eq1 esnecaq pepro^€ eq plnoqs sII€u r[reu1p.r6 'sr]fr.oJcs ss€Jq osn 3[Ils ra$ag 'sosnoqprlq olqruos -s€ ol s11€u runuFunl€ .ro .reddoc esn 'fle.rnces alquressv '? 'ecue.reedde .rog 1sn[ pepp€ s1 qcred eq+ ue]JO 'palu€.{ra +ou o.re z(eq1 e.reqm slseu Jo+ua o+ spJTq aurosJeq?oq roq+o pu€ sl\4,oJJeds .ro; eldruls +T seq€ur qc.red 17 'sosnoq ro11€urs uo qcred .Eu1pue1 € o,r€rl o1 ,tressaceü lou sT +I 'g 'sprTq plo pu€ 8uno.[ r{+oq JoJ ploq+ooJ .rood e seppro.rd pu€ Jsruruns uI loq oo+ sI +I 'I€tour Eulsn pTo^€ 'e1q1ssod JI 'oIq€ITB^€ JI +T uo >Ir€q eql rI+r/ra >Icols q€Is esn sJooJ rod 'rell€ru +ou op suollcey.redurl eql 'lno pe^,ro[oq e.re feql uoqal +nq 'uoql uI s{coqc o^€q ,terrr eseq; 's3o1 perrp-Jr€ esn osnoq yo adÄ1 cllsnJ orp Jod 'o1s€1r4. Jo rrrnruTulru € q+yn poolla.rnozt 1nc pue ueld o1 norf raoll€ slooqs 8lq eq+ lnq 'allsuodxe elour q +I 'poo/!rÄ1d eprslno qcuT-al sr I€IJe+€tu +ue11ocxa Jer{+ouv 'suolsueru1p oql Jo /!roJ e lf.re,r o1 eneq ,teur noz( luezre sF{l uI '{co+s rlcldl-r/e osn '}I 1aF louuec no.rf ;r +nq 'qJo/tr o1 eldurrs sI sseu>Icrql slql Jo auld 'pel€c -IpuI esT/raleq+o sselrn {cols \\cal-ah Jo ep€III er€ {ooq sII{l ur sesnoq aq+ Jo IIV 'e^Isuedxa pue 'o+ul sIT€u a^IJp ol pr€q 'le5 ot l1nclgllp q lI +nq lor relou n1m sse.rdztg 'os1e poo8 s1 J€poC 'p.rez(.reqrun1 zfue 1e lqFnoq aq u€c pu€ {Jort o1 z(see sI ould 'eu1d e11qaa e{TI 3poo.&UJos € osl} 'elq€I1eae d11pee.r sI +I pu€ 'elqruoss€ pu€ lnc o1 lfsee sI lT 'e^Isuedxaul sr lI 'JoltsInsur poo8 € q lI 'sasnorlpJTq 8ur1cn.r1suoc JoJ I€T.ro1. -€ur punor€-Il€ lseq eql sT poolv\ 'sl€Trol€ru lq8Tr artr+ oslf 'Z 'suolsueurrp cTs€q eq+ rell€ +ou op pu€ .z(1nya.rec suoTl€cgrceds eq1 ,fpnts 'pa>Iool -Je^o oq lou pFoqs qcpyra uoI1€TJ€a +r{8gs euros e.4nber lytn' serceds qc€g '11 leeder o+ o+€+Isoq lou op orl' 1€ql I€+1,r os sr 1u1od sIqJ 'prTq yo selceds cglceds € roJ osnoq eq+ pgng 'T :suo11se33ns euros a.r€ oJaH 'esnoqp4q eq+ roJ slT€1ep üorlcrulsuoc pü€ u81sep eq1 serr18 8u1m'e.rp aEed-1n; eq; books advise that the rough surfaces be located on the out- side for rustic appearance. This suggestion is well intended but impractical. Lumber that is rough on both sides will provide both a foothold for the birds on the inside and a rustic appearance on the outside. 6. Provide ventilation. If a small house, poorly ventilated, is located in the sun and occupied by four or flve baby birds, it can become so hot they will suffocate. You can provide adequate circulation by having vent holes at the top of the house below the extended roof boards. In some cases the sidepieces can be cut an eighth of an inch short so that there will be a vent along the upper side of the house. 7. Be sure that the house drains. If the bottom of the house is "glove-tight," any rain that seeps in or is driven in dur- ing a storm may accumulate and cause baby birds to drown. Drain holes in the bottom will prevent the house from flood- ing. All the houses in this book have swing-out bottoms for easy cleaning and are loosely fitted so that moisture can- not collect. 8. Have a tight roof. Generally, when the boards have been accurately cut and fi.tted, the roof will be waterproof. As an added precaution you can nail a tin strip over the ridge or cover it with roofi.ng paper. 9. Protect the opening. See to it that the roof boards extend well over the front or opening side of the house. This over- hang prevents rain from being blown into the house. 10. Be sure the house is easy to clean. In the houses shown there is a pivot screw at each side of the bottom toward the rear. Another screw holds the bottom at the front of the house. When the front screw is rernoved, the bottom swings out so that the entire inside may be cleaned. This is a simple way to make a house easy to clean without the use of hinges and other unnecessary hardware. The houses should be cleaned each year, late .in fall or very early spring, to remove the old nest and any bugs or debris from the previous season. Do not wash out the house with soap and water unless you are positive that lice are present. If you like, you can put a very little, clean, new excelsior in the bottom of the house as a welcome for the new birds. 11. Give the house a suitable flnish. Birdhouses can be painted and stained. A finish that will protect them against the weather may be preferred. However, select colors that are dull and drab; do not look for the brightest orange, t22 8ZT lHcrSH uSdoHd lv rNnohr 33UI UO 9Nrc'ltn€ JO 3OIS NO UO ISOd NO .CNICNVH - AVM INSINSANOS ISO^ Nt SSnOH JNnOn c3urs3c sv o300v 3e loN ^vr^ uo ^vy\ Hf,u3d 1V s^ 3UCS NO sto^td r orro€ - M3ucS 3AOr 3H cNrNv3tS ^sv3 HOJ r OIl.0€ tno -CNIMS SVH SSNOH SCOl .LNlvd JON OO - ftoH 3ZIS U3dOHd SIN3A 3CNV8rN3 rS3toud ctnoHs JooE 3snoH ro 3olsNl NIVI-S UO INIVd ION OG rs3e st u3€t/!m Hcnou v30ts ,,?/e ao"e/t 3so / s"ilvN E3ddoc uo nnNrnn-]v SM3UCS IOAId ONNOH SSVU€ S1N]A SOUVO€ JOOU cNrddvtuSAo oo9 sv HCns 3-]9NV tNi|N3ANO3 rv dfSv souvo€ loou v 't3Af€ -'lvno3 U3dVd -iooH Ho NII H1l/v\ ICCIU H3AO3 Sv:c I Notrf nursNof -tvuf Nf I Dimensions of Birdhouses and Height They Should Be Placed Above the Ground Bird Inside Depth of of House House Size of Entrance Height Entrance Above Above Floor Ground Bewick's 'Wren Carolina 'Wren Chickadee Downy 4x4 4x4 Woodpecker 4x 4 House Wren 4x 4 Nuthatch 4x 4 Titmouse 4 x 4 Bluebird 5 x 5 TreoSwallow 5x 5 Violet-Green Swallow 5 x 5 Crested Flycatcher 6 x 6 Golden- Fronted Woodpecker 6 x 6 Hairy Woodpecker House Finch Purple Martin R,edheaded Woodpecker Saw-Whet Owl Starling Flicker Screech OwI Sparrow Hawk Barn Owl Wood Duck SI{ELF NESTS Barn Swallow Phoebe Füobin Song Sparrow 6x 6 6x 6 6x 6 6x 6 6x 6 6x 6 7x 7 8x I 6to 8 8to10 8to10 6to 8 8to10 8to10 8 o 6 8to10 12 to 15 12 to 15 tt 6 12 to 15 10 to 12 16 to 18 16 to 18 12 to 15 8x 8 12to15 10x18 15to18 IOYB xlOYz 24 6x 6 6 6x 6 6 6x 8 8 6x 6 6 Dimensions in Inches 4x 4 6to 8 1 L -/g I7/a L7/+ 1 tr/+ ty4 I1/z L7/z L-/2 I I tyz t 27/z 2 zyz L 21/z 3 3 t) 3 1to 6 1to 6 6to 8 6to 8 1to 6 6to I 6to 8 6 1to 5 1to 5 6to 8 9to12 9to12 4 I 9to12 8to10 14 to 16 14 to 16 9to12 9to12 4 20 Feet 6to10 6to10 6to15 6to20 6to10 L2 to 20 6to15 5to10 10 to 15 10 to 15 8to20 12 to 20 LZ to 20 8to12 15 to 20 12 to 20 12 to 20 10 to 25 6to20 10 to 30 10 to 30 12 to 18 10 to 25 8to12 8to12 6to15 1to 3 (A) (A) (A) (B) (A) One or more sides open (B) AII sides open L24 - [...]... for perch: of materials 1- 5- in dia x7t/z in 1-/ zx6x7in l-Ya-in.dia.xBin WREN HOUSE M'T'G goue- 7 TOP vzil sTocK USE CEDAR POST L34 I { 98I 5uo1'u1 I-I 'uI z x'elp'ur:-u/r -T 'uT u/t9 x z/r9 x ah -z :a.{e me.rcg :qc.red.roy Ie/!aoc :Joolr 'q bx a/t8x ah -T :epIs 'uI Vx Vxa/r-I :OPIS 'uI Vx bxa/r -Z :spug spualPu l0 il!q 'ar(a me.rcs € Jo su€oru Äq 1uno141 'JooJ uaoJ8 Jo paJ 5u11se.r1uoc € qll^t peJlsep... drawing The house wren shelter can be stained or painted bill of materials Sides: Front: Back: Roof: Bottom: 136 Mounting strip: Z-lzx 5 L-lzx 6 [-/ zx 6 t-Vz xLO L-lzx 5 1-s/+ x lY+ x 6l+in x 6t/zin x 38/ein x 9lz in x 5 in xl2 in ilt LAT l-3vcvu€ zl x r/t lx?/e or r40r-ro€ ioou I3'3VE€ z/t 6 UOJ oO9 J-fiO HSION '_t _ _ :ufs to^td _,_l I \" -l),,1 s:crs ,,2/l-l-.lv oO9 vcors 9 v3v8 g/e e \o09 \oO9 -l3A3€... Dowel for L46, bill of materials 1-6 in in dia x 14 in x approx 4-in dia 1-3 /+ 2-3 /qx8x8in perch: t-B/e in dia x 3t/z in Brass screws: 4-2 r/z in Iong LVT SM3HCS H.LIM u3Hl3COr O-]3H s3 ^-' lVH 'vtc,,9 Fv I I ro,,r- Y"lOl-IO€ ooorvr u3 vfSdcooM ^-ffim red-headed and hairy woodpecker six-sided house A power jointer facilitates the building of this woodpecker house since the 60-degree bevel on the sides can... Back: L42 eave: L-/z xSlz xtjVz in avT ol xf,v€ Nl HSnIJ INnOW t I z 3yvn-Jood zttt z 3yv^ - H3u3d ?o-o-9 1-3 1 3- - I l uoj 9NrNV 3-1 f, S9NIMS !{O-IIO€ x ?/e9 sr hlollog z/1 9 t/E I vcv€ I l* on, t\ /wottog rrl ]NOUJ JO norrO€ 3SN CNV 3SU3A38 UOJ M3Uf,S BOJ v30rs,,zA ]lav ffi chickadee split-log house Shop students and homecraftsmen have a lot of fun constructing a split-log chickadee house, although... Stain the house dark brown with weatherproof stain Since the roof is flush in back, it can be mounted by screw through the back as shown on the drawing t4a bill of materials Sides: 6-3 /+ x 43/e x L8 in Bottom: I-3/+x6 x 67/ein Roof: 2-s/+x9 x 9 in 6VT M3U 35 cNtN3do nuHr tNnov\ + l|VN-30r_ JOOH -I r: '-: l-=*" oOS IV dOI In3 N3Hl 3-t€l 3ssv - xrs 3vvt ,/1]AZe ooe ^TqN\a "l F-e/€ ,,?/g y30ts -l-'lv 'vrc... Bottom: L-L/zx 5 x 5 in Screw bolt: l-Y+-in dia x 4 in T?T MVS uvtnSutS Jo lttl o?/e oz/l e9 o?/e lv ov/l lL € 39nV9 !r^ LQ s30ls JOOU OV MVS I II1 : MVS Uv-]ncurf, No tnc o-t ,2,/t ycors -' l-lv t3A3€ MO-IIVMS Nr:: \.ra }J :lnlA | IVI' I\JJUJ ffi \ f licker house The design and dimensions of this flicker house are especially tailored to meet the requirements of this interesting bird The swing-out bottom... clean out the houses and have them ready for spring It will be a lot of fun 63/4 TOP BEVEL 600 L3.2 SCREW AtL S'IOCK 3/4" _{:_ o _ Bori il 88r Y)OLS uZ/l -l-lv dvd s3UVnOS 3 I Y3V€ UOJ oN - oMl c"-rör-r ,,1 f :vvt i I '1 l_> :SNOH N:UM 3uo1 'u1 u/e :e-u(e lle.rcg -I :uI z/rVI x 2 ,-1 :.reded Sugoog :dr.r1s do;, ah x ah -I ']üI "htx :IIIollo€I 'vI uhgx u/r8 x z/t -I :spug 'ur 9x ? xz/r-z l0 ilq slPlrolPlll... an eye bolt to mount this bluebird house as described on page 128" Stain or paint the house as desired The roof can be a contrasting color Front and bill of materials back: Sides: 2 2- 1/z supports: 2- perch: 138 L- IOd/e x5 x 8 1/z xP x Perch Dowel for xgl/z x 1/z in in 4/z in /+-in dia dowel x 7 in long Roof: 2- t/z xTVz x IO in Bottom: I-4yz x 5 in Scroll eaves: 2- yz xSlz x IOlz in 68I z/t v lno... front Mount the house through a hole in the back or by means of a mounting strip extending from the top to the bottom and screwed on from the back Stain the house a deep brown or dark green bill of materials 1-1 /z x9Vz x1.8.vz in !-L/z x 63/+ x L5 in 2-t/z x 6L/z x 13 in Sides: 2-L/z x7t/z x IO in Roof: I-1/z x1s/e x 6L/z in Bottom: Perch brackets: Z_Vz x IB/+ x 4t/z iD' Dowel for perch: I-Y+-in dia x 7... orro€ ooo vcv€ Nr s 3-] oH oN Y3V€ ? 1NOUI -f lvttr Tt-\ ,^il \ ",o=o u?/l vcots 'r-'lv lF-+ A? -rf Moo 8XV/l cul€f nl€ house for a tree swallow or violet green swallow The house shown on the opposite page offers a challenge to the craftsman since it requires compound angles at all the corners If made by hand the sides must be beveled at angles of 54 degrees for the wall joints and 51 degrees for the . ]-] v nZ/l v30rs llv t/ot10€ :t d3ao "e/t - s 1-1 0q,?/l I / - ^LJrf st4EllM ^Nrrr Nr JIII5.fI .), ,1 -fe ,r,,, I trl- -+ z/t J -? /l v/E 6 + I IS JJU o9l - Gommercial birdhouses Some. 4 Bluebird 5 x 5 TreoSwallow 5x 5 Violet-Green Swallow 5 x 5 Crested Flycatcher 6 x 6 Golden- Fronted Woodpecker 6 x 6 Hairy Woodpecker House Finch Purple Martin R,edheaded Woodpecker Saw-Whet Owl Starling Flicker Screech. materials Z-t/z x31/z x 93/+ in. L-r/zx6 x 9 in. t-Yzx9 x12 in. L-t/e x5 xL2 in. 6-l+-in. dia. x 97+ in.long 1-1 x 1 in. 118 6TT J]VH Nl rnf 39NlH lX I /, 1 V/l Z t r- @1 al o