Wordformations_Từ loại A_formtion of nouns_cách thành lập danh từ 1.Prefix_Tiếp đầu tố (các từ bắt đầu là các tiếp tố sau thờng là DANH Từ ) Tiếp đầu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ Dis- In- Im- Un- Nghĩa phản lại , Hoặc nghĩa fủ định Displeasure(sự ko hài lòng); disappearance(sự biến mất) Inactivity(tính lời hđộng) ; impossibility(sự ko thê) Unhappiness(sự bất hạnh) ; unsuccess(sự thất bại) Mis- Sai ; lỗi lầm Mistake(lỗi); misbehaviour(sụ c sử sai); misunderstanding(hiểu ) Re- Lại ; lần nữa Rewriting(sự viết lại) ; reaction(sự phản ứng lại) Over- Quá mức , vợt Overpopulation(sự bùng nổ dân số) ; overworking(Sự làm việc quá sức) 2.Suffix_Hậu tố (các từ kêt thúc là các hậu tố sau thờng là danh từ ) Hậu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ -ar đứng sau -er động từ -or Ngời làm Beggar(ăn mày) ; liar (kẻ nói dối) Teacher ; worker ; singer ; leader(ngời lãnh đạo) ; driver Proffessor(giáo s) ; actor(nam diễn viên) ; emperor(hoàng đế) -dom(sau dtừ&tính từ) Tình trạng Boredom(s buồn tẻ) ; freedom(sự tự do) -hood(sau dtừ&tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Neighbourhood(vùng lân cận) ; childhood(thời thơ ấu) -ing (sau động từ) Việc,công việc Fishing(việc câu cá) ; reading books(việc đọc sách) -ness (sau tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Kindness(sự tốt bụng) ; coldness(su lạnh lẽo) ; happiness(sự hfúc) -ship (sau danh từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Friendship(tình bạn) ; championship(giải vô địch) -tion (sau động từ) -sion (sau động từ) Sự Prevention(sự ngăn ngừa);gravitation(sự hấp dẫn;demonstration(btình) Possession(của cải); decision(sự qđịnh); permission(sự cho fép) -ment (sau động từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Treatment(sự chữa trị); employment(sự thất nghiệp); retirement(vhu) -ance (sau tính từ) -ence Danh từ trừu tợng Importance(tầm quan trọng); brilliance(sự tài giỏi,lỗi lạc) Difference(sự khác nhau) ; independence( sự độc lập) -ist (sau danh từ ) Ngời làm Physicist(nhà vlý); pionist; guitarist; scientist(nhà khoa học) -th (sau tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Warmth(độ ấm) ; depth(chiều sâu) ;length(bề dài); width(chiêu rộng) -ty (sau tinh từ) -ity Danh từ trừu tợng Difficulty(sự khó khăn); honesty (sự thật thà) Activity(hoạt động); ability(khả năng); flexibility(tính linh động) B_formtion of adjectives_cách thành lập tính từ 1. Prefix_Tiếp đầu tố (các từ bắt đầu là các tiếp tố sau thờng là tíNH Từ ) Tiếp đầu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ Un- In- + tính từ Fủ định không Unemployed(thâtnghiệp); uninteresting(ko thú vị); unhappy(bất hạnh) Inactive(lời hđộng); inexpensive(rẻ); incurable(vô fơng cứu chữa) 2.Suffix_Hậu tố (các từ kêt thúc là các hậu tố sau thờng là tính từ ) Hậu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ Verb+ ED Verb+ ING Bị , đợc (ngời) (dùng bổ nghĩa cho vât) Interested(thích);bored(buồn chán); excited(vui vẻ) Interesting(thú vị) ; boring(buồn tẻ) ; exciting(sôi động) Noun+ EN Làm bằng chất liệu j` Golden(bằng vàng) ; wooden(bằng gỗ) Noun+ ERN Sau dtừ chỉ phơng hớng Eastern(thuộc miền Đông); western ; southern ; northern Noun+ FUL đầy đủ , nhiều Beautiful; harmful(độc); hopeful(đầy hi vọng); successful(thành công) Verb+ ENT Mang nghĩa riêng Independent(độc lập); confident(đáng tin tởng) Verb+ ANT Mang nghĩa riêng Important(qtrọng); brilliant(thông minh; tài giỏi ; lỗi lạc) Noun+ LESS Nghĩa fủ định không Harmless(ko độc hại); careless(ẩu); hopeless(thất vọng) Noun+ LY Có vẻ/sau dtừ chỉ tgian Lovely(tuyệt vời); friendly(thân thiện)/daily; weekly; monthly;yearly Noun+ Y đầy, có(sau dtừ thời tiết) Rainy(có ma); sunny(có nắng); snowy(có tyết); windy(có gió) Verb+ TIVE Verb+ SIVE Mang tính Active(mang tính năng động);attractive(hấp dẫn); effective(hiệu quả) Possessive(sớ hữu); expensive Verb+ ABLE Có thể Considerable(đáng kể); curable(có thể cứu chữa đc); reliable(đáng tin) Noun+ OUS Mang nghĩa riêng Dangerous(nguy hiểm); marvellous(tyệt vời) Exercises Choose the best answer a,b,c or d 1.John is out of work . He is A.employ B.unemployed C.employment D.unemployment 2.We were because the film was very A.boring_boring B.bored_boring C.boring_bored D.bored_bored 3.They like Mr.David because he always has lessons. A.interested B.uninterested C.interesting D.uninteresting 4.English and Vietnamese have many They are very difficult. A.differences B.different C.difference D.differ 5.We will have a very exam next year . A.import B.important C.importance D.unimportant 6.He is unhappy because he is in his life . A.success B.unsuccess C.successful D.unsuccessful 7.Peter is a driver . He always has dangerous accidents . A.careless B.careful C.carefully D.crelessly 8.The old man has saved a lot of money for his A.retire B.retied C.retirement D.retiring 9.I hates my motorbicycle so much. It is always A.rely B.reliable C.reliability D.unreliable 10.Halong is one of the most famous tourist in Vietnam A.attract B.attractions C.attractive D.attracted 11.The man looks very handsome in the clothes A.northern B.north C.northwards D.northbound 12.There are a lot of good in the factory A.scientst B.scientific C.science D.scientists 13.Uncle Ho said , “ There’s nothing more precious than freedom , and happiness . A.dependence B.dependent C.independence D.independent 14.The exercises are too difficult for him. He is to do them . A.ability B.unable C.able D.unability 15.Smoking is to your health so don’t smoke . A.harm B.harmful C.harmless D.harmfully 16.Mr.John is very rich but he hasn’t got his A.possess B.possessive C.possession D.possessor 17.The police is now investigating the of the child . A.appear B.appearance C.disappear D.disappearance 18.Our envirnment is seriously. The government should do something to protect it. A.pollute B.polluting C.polluted D.pollution 19.David Backam is getting fatter because he is A.act B.action C.active D.inactive WORD FORM 1.It takes one a long time to become an (accomplish/ accomplished/accomplishment/ accomplishing) pianist. 2.The young usually do things (enthusiasm/ enthusiastic/ enthusiast/ enthusiastically) 3.The industrial (develop/ development/ developing/ developer) has made many changes in our country. 4.At last, we could draw the (conclude/ conclusion/ conclusive / conclusively). 5 (Commerce/ Commercial/ Commercially / Commercialism) fishing has been carried out since the Middle Ages. 6.New films always get public (react / reaction/ reactor/ reactivate) seriously. 7.The scenery was beautiful beyond (describe / description/ descriptive/ descriptively). 8.Which (character / characterize / characterless) distinguishes American English and British English ? 9.The general (impress / impression/ impressive /impressing) we received of the house was that it was nicely decorated. 10.She always listens (attention / attentive / attentively / attentiveness) to what she is told. 11.This car doesn’t consume much petrol. It’s (economic / economics/ economy/ economical) 12.Hunters have caused the (lose / loss / lost/ losing) of wild animals. 13.My brother works for a (construct / construction/ constructing / constructive) company. 14.In spite of his (tire/ tired/ tiredness / tiredly), he managed to finish the race. 15.Try to avoid (disappoint / disappointing/ disappointed/ disappointment) other people. 16.Our success came after some (fail / failing / failures/ failure ). 17.You need (confide / confidence/ confiding / confident) when having an interview. 18.I have lived in this city for 6 years and I am (experience/ experienced / experiencing/ experiences) in traffic jams. 19.VietNam is an (agriculture/ agricultural / agriculturally) country. 20 Water and air are more and more (contaminate/ contaminating/ contaminated/ contamination). 21.They have no (intend / intention/ intentional) of selling the house which they inherited from their mother. 22.The environmental (destroy / destruction / destructive/ destructively) is doing harm on us. 23.When we burn garbage, we get (pleased / pleasure / pleasant/ unpleasant) odours. 24.Frequent practice (able / unable / enables / disables) you to get achievement. 25.When water freezes, it becomes (solid / solidity / solidify / solidness). 26.Everybody admires their (friend/ friendly / friendships / friendless). 27.Ha was sacked because he had worked (responsible/ responsibly/ irresponsible/ irresponsibly) 28.Jack London wrote several (interest /interested/ interesting/ interestingly) novels on adventure. 29.Babies like (care / caress/ careful/ careless) when they are sleepy or ill. 30.They are my (intimacy/ intimate/ intimates/ intimation) friends. 31.The President travelled under the (protect /protector /protection/ protective) of many soldiers. 32.I sometimes do not feel (comfortable / comfort / comfortably) when I am at a party. 33.There are many people who don’t want others (smoke / to smoke /smoking/ smokes) in their houses. 34.What is your (aim/ aimless/ aimlessly / aimlessness) in life ? 35.Now we are still looking for the (solve / solution / solvable) to the problem of traffic accidents. 36.Are you (sense / sensible / senseless / sensation) of the danger you are facing? 37 (Drive / Driving / Driver) on the left-hand side of the road made me surprised when I first visited London. 38.Mrs Pike has been told by her doctor that she is (childless / childhood / childish / child), she cannot have a child of her own. 39.A combine harvester is very (use / useful/ useless / usefulness),it can cut and thresh rice at the same time. 40.The teacher has her pupils (collect / to collect/ collecting/ collected) waste paper for their mini-project. 41.Nam has his house (paint / to paint / painting / painted). 42.Human beings are the worst (pollutes/ pollutants/ polluters/ pollutions) 43.He lived in the countryside during his (child / childhood /childish / childless). 44.Stress and tiredness often lead to (concentrate/ concentration/ concentrated/ concentrator). 45.Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce (electric/ electricity / electrician / electrify). 46 (safe / safeguard / safeguarding/ safety) needs the cooperation of the public. 47.The (industry / industrial /industrially / industrialize) development leads to our country’s property. 48.The (rotate / rotation / rotational / rotating) of crops on the same land is a good way to avoid soil exhaustion. 49.That old man tried to stop (smoke/ smoking/ smoker/ smoked) because of his bad cough. 50.The rock in soil made (to plough / plough / ploughing / ploughed) more difficult. 51.There’s nothing prevent us from (discover / to discover /discovering / discoveries) the mystery of that place. 52.That old church was a complex (construct / construction/ constructor / constructed) of wood. Brick, and glass. 53.My younger sister has chosen (teach /teaches/ teacher / teaching) as her career. 54,He has a (prefer / preference / preferential/ preferentially) for English novels. 55.Some children have to suffer from lifetime (normal / abnormal / abnormality). 56.The plane arrived (safe / safely/ safety) after a violent storm. 57.They were (disappoint/ disappointed/ disappointing) when they read the result. 58.Many people find it (waste / wasteful/ wastes) to advertise. 59.We found out the (true/ truth/ truly) about him. 60.I am (true / truly/ truth) grateful to you for your help. 61.Children are (determine/ determined/ determining/ determination) to overcome problems. 62.He is a young man with great (expect/ expectation / expecting/ expected). 63.He has great (believe/ belief/believable) in God. 64.Marie Curie’s (discover/ discovery/ discovering) of radium made her famous. 65.She’s fed up (do/ does/ doing/ done) nothing everyday. 66.There are not many (different/ difference/ differences) between American and British English. 67.This man gets (employment/ unemployment/ employed/ employing) benefit because he has no job now. 68.These animals are in danger of (extinct/ extinction/ extinctive). 69.He has (succeed/ success/ successful/ succeeded) in giving up smoking. 70.Everyone wants to live a long and (health / healthy) life. 71.Tan speaks English very (bad/ badly/ worse). 72.Mythuan is the (long/ longer/ longest) bridge in Vietnam. 73.Lan has a lot of (difficult/ difficulties/ difficulty) in learning Chinese. 74.They wanted to escape from the (noise/noisy/ noisily) and the bustle of the town 75.Gases from factories are extremely (harm/ harmful/ unharmed). 76.We’ve decided to interview only six (apply/ applicant/ applicants/ applied). 77.John drives very (care/ careful/ careless/ carefully/ carelessly). He ‘s never had any accidents. 78.We all enjoy (learn / learning/ to learn/ learned) English. 79.In Britain the people who are out of work get (employed/ unemployment/ employment) benefit. 80.The water is (polluting/ polluted/ pollutant). You can’t drink it. 81No trees can grow on the soil. It is (tree /treeless). 1. He is unhappy because of his A. deaf B. deafen C. deafness D. deafened 2. This country has climate. A. continent B. continental C. continence D. continentally 3. She has a for pink. A. prefer B. preferential C. preferentially D. preference 4. Computers are used in schools and universities. A. widely B. wide C. widen D. width 5. I sometimes do not feel when I am at a party. A. comfort B. comfortable C. comforted D. comfortably 6. English is the language of A. communicative B. communication C. communicate D. communicatively 7. I have to do this job because I have no A. choose B. choice C. choosing D. chosen 8. He is not very of criticism. A. tolerable B. tolerated C. tolerant D. tolerating 9. English is used by pilots to ask for landing in Cairo. A. instruct B. instructors C. instructions D. instructive 10. He did some odd jobs at home A. disappointment B. disappoint C. disappointed D. disappointedly 11. Don’t be afraid. This snake is A. harm B. harmful C. harmless D. unharmed 12. During his , his family lived in the United State. A. childB. childhood C. childish D. childlike 13. Jack London wrote several novels on adventure. A. interest B. interestedly C. interesting D. interested 14. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any for it. A. prepare B. preparation C. preparing D. prepared 15. The custom was said to be a matter of A. convenient B. convenience C. conveniently D. convene 16. She is in her book. A. absorbed B. absorbent C. absorptive D. absorb 17. As she is so with her present job, she has decided to leave. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. unsatisfied 18. Although her visit wasnt , we made her welcome just the same. A. expect B. expected C. expectation D. expecting 19. He plays the piano well. A. tolerate B. tolerable C. tolerably D. tolerance 20. Prices continue to show an upward A. tendency B. tend C. tended D. tending 21. They will this road because its is too narrow. A. widen/ widely B. wide/ width C. widen/ width D. width/ widely 22. They did everything possible to the police force. A. strengthen B. strengthening C. strength D. strong 23. I spent a ( an ) night because of my toothache. I am very tired now. A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep 24. Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be . A. satisfying B. dissatisfied C. satisfactory D. unsatisfactory 25. The of old buildings should be taken into consideration. A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserves 26. Our education will help with the of knowledge for the young. A. enrichment B. enrich C. rich D. richness 27. Getting such a well paid job is beyond my A. expectation B. expected C. expectant D. expecting 28. That is not true of single parents. A. necessarily B. necessary C. need D. necessity 29. That is silly. What you are seeing is A. reasonably B. reason C. reasonable D. unreasonable 30. Hunting for meat and burning forest for soil wildlife. A. conserve B. protect C. destroy D. reclaim 31. This new kind of generator can generate a current of high A. potential B. intensity C. preference D. absorbent 32. The children always get on long journey. A. harmless B. restless C. motionless D. speechless 33. Most of the rivers flowing through big cities are with chemical waste factories. A. polluted B. eroded C. mixed D. flooded 34. It is necessary for the host to make his guests feel comfortable and A. relaxed B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relax A laser beams is strong enough to kill cancer cells. A. intention B. intensity C. intend 1.My mother is interested in ( COOK) 2.We can not buy love and. ( HAPPY) 3.John drove.so he had an accident (CARE) 4.Our teacher us to work hard for our exams ( ENCOURAGE) 5.People send their children to have a good (EDUCATE) 6.In spite of his, he still work hard for money. (RICH) 7.The house is very but we dont like it very much. (WONDER) 8.This is theman I have ever known ( BAD) 9.My father sings very ( GOOD) 10.There are many .between English and Vietnamese. ( DIFFERENT) Some rules of defining the stress_một số qui tắc xác định trọng âm 1.Hâu hết các danh từ & tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết đâu( happy/ teacher/ handsome ) 2.Hâu hết các động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết cuối(begin/ arrive/ become/ return ) 3.Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là: -ial; -ian; -iar; -ient; -ic; -ier; -ion; -ious thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiêt trớc âm tiêt có chứa các chữ cái trên:(social/ musician/ familiar/ democratic/ soldier/ nation/ victorious/ obedient/ geographic/ scientific / invention/ decision / possession/ attraction ) 4.Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là:-acy; -ate; -ity; -ical; -ent; -enc; -ous; -tude; -PHY;-TY;-CY;-GY;-AL thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiêt thứ3 tính từ cuối lên: (democratic/educate/university/political/government/magnificence/numerous/magnitude/geography/biology/ ability/ economical ) 5. Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là:-OO;-AIN;-EE;-REE;-EER;-ESE;-ETTE;-ESQUE thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết cuối: (shampoo/ entertain/ emloyee/ agree/ Vietnamese/ cigarette/ picturesque ) 6.Hâu hết các danh từ ghép thì trọng âm rơi ở phân đầu ; động từ ghép và tính từ ghép thì trọng âm rơi ở phần sau: (fishing _rob/ father_in_law/ snow_white/ over_working ) 7.Trọng âm ko bao giờ rơi ở các tiền tố: a- , be- , dis- , for- , -I; -im- , mis- , pre- , re- , un- , (ago, before, dislike, forget, illegal, important, mistake, prefer, return, undo, upstairs). đuôi: -ER;-OR;-AR;-ED;-ING;-ABLE;-MENT;-FUL;-dom;-en;-hood;-less;-ly;-ness;-ship;-some, ( teacher/ working/ handsome/ beautiful/ careless/ friendship/ happiness/ attended/ ) A.money B.army C.afraid D.people A.capital B.tradition C.modern D.music A.engineer B.Chinese C.contain D.oversleep A.conversation B.isolation C.traditional D.situation A.paper B.tonight C.lecture D.story A.doctor B.tired C.television D.finish A.redundancy B.industrial C.musical D.pollution A.electric B.logic C.obtain D.invent A.activity B.apology C.accuracy D.national A.career B.writer C.cooker D.singer A.enjoy B.daughter C.decide D.employ A.important B.dangerous C.comfortable D.began A. admire B. honour C. title D. difficult A. describle B. prefer C. political D. society A. independence B. politicianC. immortalityD.different A. father B. nation C. apply D. moment A. ashame B. position C. begin D. enter A. realize B. improve C. possible D. poverty A. republic B. collect C. situation D. inscription A. chemistry B. victory C. mineral D. attendance A. suffer B. doctor C. refer D. generator A. relationship B. command C. express D. temporary A. compete B. control C. black bird D. divide A. over flow B. chemical C. quality D.tendency A. physical B. activity C. increase D. expectancyA. parents B. mountain C. geography D. criticise A. create B. mercury C. regular D. compromise . Ví dụ Verb+ ED Verb+ ING Bị , đợc (ngời) (dùng bổ nghĩa cho vât) Interested(thích);bored(buồn chán); excited(vui vẻ) Interesting(thú vị) ; boring(buồn tẻ) ; exciting(sôi động) Noun+ EN Làm bằng. gỗ) Noun+ ERN Sau dtừ chỉ phơng hớng Eastern(thuộc miền Đông); western ; southern ; northern Noun+ FUL đầy đủ , nhiều Beautiful; harmful(độc); hopeful(đầy hi vọng); successful(thành công) Verb+ ENT. tởng) Verb+ ANT Mang nghĩa riêng Important(qtrọng); brilliant(thông minh; tài giỏi ; lỗi lạc) Noun+ LESS Nghĩa fủ định không Harmless(ko độc hại); careless(ẩu); hopeless(thất vọng) Noun+ LY Có