Wordformations_Từ loại A_formtion of nouns_cách thành lập danh từ 1.Prefix_Tiếp đầu tố các từ bắt đầu là các tiếp tố sau thờng là DANH Từ Tiếp đầu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ Dis-In- Im-Un- Nghĩ
Trang 1Wordformations_Từ loại
A_formtion of nouns_cách thành lập danh từ
1.Prefix_Tiếp đầu tố (các từ bắt đầu là các tiếp tố sau thờng là DANH Từ )
Tiếp đầu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ
Dis-In-
Im-Un-
Nghĩa phản lại , Hoặc nghĩa fủ định
Displeasure(sự ko hài lòng); disappearance(sự biến mất)
Inactivity(tính lời hđộng) ; impossibility(sự ko thê)
Unhappiness(sự bất hạnh) ; unsuccess(sự thất bại)
Mis- Sai ; lỗi lầm Mistake(lỗi); misbehaviour(sụ c sử sai); misunderstanding(hiểu )
Re- Lại ; lần nữa Rewriting(sự viết lại) ; reaction(sự phản ứng lại)
Over- Quá mức , vợt Overpopulation(sự bùng nổ dân số) ; overworking(Sự làm việc quá sức)
2.Suffix_Hậu tố (các từ kêt thúc là các hậu tố sau thờng là danh từ )
Hậu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ
-ar đứng sau
-er động từ
Begg ar(ăn mày) ; li ar (kẻ nói dối) Teach er ; worker ; singer ; leader(ngời lãnh đạo) ; driv er
Proffess or(giáo s) ; act or(nam diễn viên) ; emper or(hoàng đế) -dom(sau dtừ&tính từ) Tình trạng Bore dom(s buồn tẻ) ; free dom(sự tự do)
-hood(sau dtừ&tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Neighbour hood(vùng lân cận) ; child hood(thời thơ ấu)
-ing (sau động từ) Việc,công việc Fish ing(việc câu cá) ; read ing books(việc đọc sách)
-ness (sau tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Kind ness(sự tốt bụng) ; cold ness(su lạnh lẽo) ; happi ness(sự hfúc) -ship (sau danh từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Friend ship(tình bạn) ; champion ship(giải vô địch)
-tion (sau động từ)
-sion (sau động từ) Sự Preven tion(sự ngăn ngừa);gravita tion(sự hấp dẫn;demonstra tion(btình)
Posses sion(của cải); deci sion(sự qđịnh); permis sion(sự cho fép) -ment (sau động từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Treat ment(sự chữa trị); employ ment(sự thất nghiệp); retire ment(vhu) -ance (sau tính từ)
-ence Danh từ trừu tợng Import ance(tầm quan trọng); brilli ance(sự tài giỏi,lỗi lạc)
Differ ence(sự khác nhau) ; independ ence( sự độc lập) -ist (sau danh từ ) Ngời làm Physic ist(nhà vlý); pionist; guitar ist; scientist(nhà khoa học)
-th (sau tính từ) Danh từ trừu tợng Warm th(độ ấm) ; dep th(chiều sâu) ;leng th(bề dài); wid th(chiêu rộng) -ty (sau tinh từ)
Difficul ty(sự khó khăn); hones ty (sự thật thà) Activ ity(hoạt động); abil ity(khả năng); flexibil ity(tính linh động) B_formtion of adjectives_cách thành lập tính từ
1 Prefix_Tiếp đầu tố (các từ bắt đầu là các tiếp tố sau thờng là tíNH Từ )
Tiếp đầu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ
Un-
In- + tính từ Fủ định “không” Unemployed(thâtnghiệp); uninteresting(ko thú vị); unhappy(bất hạnh)
Inactive(lời hđộng); inexpensive(rẻ); incurable(vô fơng cứu chữa)
2.Suffix_Hậu tố (các từ kêt thúc là các hậu tố sau thờng là tính từ )
Hậu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ
Verb+ ED
Verb+ ING Bị , đợc ((dùng bổ nghĩa cho vât)ngời) Interest ed(thích);bored(buồn chán); excit ed(vui vẻ)
Interest ing(thú vị) ; boring(buồn tẻ) ; excit ing(sôi động) Noun+ EN Làm bằng chất liệu j` Gold en(bằng vàng) ; wood en(bằng gỗ)
Noun+ ERN Sau dtừ chỉ phơng hớng East ern(thuộc miền Đông); western ; southern ; north ern
Noun+ FUL đầy đủ , nhiều Beauti ful; harmful(độc); hope ful(đầy hi vọng); success ful(thành công) Verb+ ENT Mang nghĩa riêng Independ ent(độc lập); confid ent(đáng tin tởng)
Verb+ ANT Mang nghĩa riêng Import ant(qtrọng); brilliant(thông minh; tài giỏi ; lỗi lạc)
Noun+ LESS Nghĩa fủ định “không” Harm less(ko độc hại); care less(ẩu); hope less(thất vọng)
Noun+ LY Có vẻ/sau dtừ chỉ tgian Love ly(tuyệt vời); friend ly(thân thiện)/dai ly; weekly; monthly;yearly Noun+ Y đầy, có(sau dtừ thời tiết) Rain y(có ma); sunn y(có nắng); snow y(có tyết); wind y(có gió)
Verb+ TIVE
Verb+ SIVE Mang tính Ac tive(mang tính năng động);attrac tive(hấp dẫn); effec tive(hiệu quả)
Posses sive(sớ hữu); expen sive
Verb+ ABLE Có thể Consider able(đáng kể); cur able(có thể cứu chữa đc); reli able(đáng tin) Noun+ OUS Mang nghĩa riêng Danger ous(nguy hiểm); marvell ous(tyệt vời)
Exercises
Choose the best answer a,b,c or d
1.John is out of work He is
2.We were because the film was very
3.They like Mr.David because he always has lessons
4.English and Vietnamese have many They are very difficult.
Trang 2A.differences B.different C.difference D.differ
5.We will have a very exam next year
6.He is unhappy because he is in his life
7.Peter is a driver He always has dangerous accidents
8.The old man has saved a lot of money for his
9.I hates my motorbicycle so much It is always
10.Halong is one of the most famous tourist in Vietnam
11.The man looks very handsome in the clothes
12.There are a lot of good in the factory
13.Uncle Ho said , “ There’s nothing more precious than freedom , and happiness
14.The exercises are too difficult for him He is to do them
15.Smoking is to your health so don’t smoke
16.Mr.John is very rich but he hasn’t got his
17.The police is now investigating the of the child
18.Our envirnment is seriously The government should do something to protect it
19.David Backam is getting fatter because he is
WORD FORM
1.It takes one a long time to become an (accomplish/ accomplished/accomplishment/ accomplishing) pianist 2.The young usually do things (enthusiasm/ enthusiastic/ enthusiast/ enthusiastically)
3.The industrial (develop/ development/ developing/ developer) has made many changes in our country
4.At last, we could draw the (conclude/ conclusion/ conclusive / conclusively)
5 (Commerce/ Commercial/ Commercially / Commercialism) fishing has been carried out since the Middle Ages 6.New films always get public (react / reaction/ reactor/ reactivate) seriously
7.The scenery was beautiful beyond (describe / description/ descriptive/ descriptively)
8.Which (character / characterize / characterless) distinguishes American English and British English ?
9.The general (impress / impression/ impressive /impressing) we received of the house was that it was nicely
decorated
10.She always listens (attention / attentive / attentively / attentiveness) to what she is told
11.This car doesn’t consume much petrol It’s (economic / economics/ economy/ economical)
12.Hunters have caused the (lose / loss / lost/ losing) of wild animals
13.My brother works for a (construct / construction/ constructing / constructive) company
14.In spite of his (tire/ tired/ tiredness / tiredly), he managed to finish the race
15.Try to avoid (disappoint / disappointing/ disappointed/ disappointment) other people
16.Our success came after some (fail / failing / failures/ failure )
17.You need (confide / confidence/ confiding / confident) when having an interview
18.I have lived in this city for 6 years and I am (experience/ experienced / experiencing/ experiences) in traffic jams
19.VietNam is an (agriculture/ agricultural / agriculturally) country
20 Water and air are more and more (contaminate/ contaminating/ contaminated/ contamination)
21.They have no (intend / intention/ intentional) of selling the house which they inherited from their mother
22.The environmental (destroy / destruction / destructive/ destructively) is doing harm on us
23.When we burn garbage, we get (pleased / pleasure / pleasant/ unpleasant) odours
24.Frequent practice (able / unable / enables / disables) you to get achievement
25.When water freezes, it becomes (solid / solidity / solidify / solidness)
26.Everybody admires their (friend/ friendly / friendships / friendless)
27.Ha was sacked because he had worked (responsible/ responsibly/ irresponsible/ irresponsibly)
28.Jack London wrote several (interest /interested/ interesting/ interestingly) novels on adventure
29.Babies like (care / caress/ careful/ careless) when they are sleepy or ill
30.They are my (intimacy/ intimate/ intimates/ intimation) friends
31.The President travelled under the (protect /protector /protection/ protective) of many soldiers
32.I sometimes do not feel (comfortable / comfort / comfortably) when I am at a party
33.There are many people who don’t want others (smoke / to smoke /smoking/ smokes) in their houses
34.What is your (aim/ aimless/ aimlessly / aimlessness) in life ?
35.Now we are still looking for the (solve / solution / solvable) to the problem of traffic accidents
36.Are you (sense / sensible / senseless / sensation) of the danger you are facing?
37 (Drive / Driving / Driver) on the left-hand side of the road made me surprised when I first visited London
38.Mrs Pike has been told by her doctor that she is (childless / childhood / childish / child), she cannot have a child
of her own
Trang 339.A combine harvester is very (use / useful/ useless / usefulness),it can cut and thresh rice at the same time.
40.The teacher has her pupils (collect / to collect/ collecting/ collected) waste paper for their mini-project
41.Nam has his house (paint / to paint / painting / painted)
42.Human beings are the worst (pollutes/ pollutants/ polluters/ pollutions)
43.He lived in the countryside during his (child / childhood /childish / childless)
44.Stress and tiredness often lead to (concentrate/ concentration/ concentrated/ concentrator)
45.Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce (electric/ electricity / electrician / electrify)
46 (safe / safeguard / safeguarding/ safety) needs the cooperation of the public
47.The (industry / industrial /industrially / industrialize) development leads to our country’s property
48.The (rotate / rotation / rotational / rotating) of crops on the same land is a good way to avoid soil exhaustion
49.That old man tried to stop (smoke/ smoking/ smoker/ smoked) because of his bad cough
50.The rock in soil made (to plough / plough / ploughing / ploughed) more difficult
51.There’s nothing prevent us from (discover / to discover /discovering / discoveries) the mystery of that place
52.That old church was a complex (construct / construction/ constructor / constructed) of wood Brick, and glass 53.My younger sister has chosen (teach /teaches/ teacher / teaching) as her career
54,He has a (prefer / preference / preferential/ preferentially) for English novels
55.Some children have to suffer from lifetime (normal / abnormal / abnormality)
56.The plane arrived (safe / safely/ safety) after a violent storm
57.They were (disappoint/ disappointed/ disappointing) when they read the result
58.Many people find it (waste / wasteful/ wastes) to advertise
59.We found out the (true/ truth/ truly) about him
60.I am (true / truly/ truth) grateful to you for your help
61.Children are (determine/ determined/ determining/ determination) to overcome problems
62.He is a young man with great (expect/ expectation / expecting/ expected)
63.He has great (believe/ belief/believable) in God
64.Marie Curie’s (discover/ discovery/ discovering) of radium made her famous
65.She’s fed up (do/ does/ doing/ done) nothing everyday
66.There are not many (different/ difference/ differences) between American and British English
67.This man gets (employment/ unemployment/ employed/ employing) benefit because he has no job now
68.These animals are in danger of (extinct/ extinction/ extinctive)
69.He has (succeed/ success/ successful/ succeeded) in giving up smoking
70.Everyone wants to live a long and (health / healthy) life
71.Tan speaks English very (bad/ badly/ worse)
72.Mythuan is the (long/ longer/ longest) bridge in Vietnam
73.Lan has a lot of (difficult/ difficulties/ difficulty) in learning Chinese
74.They wanted to escape from the .(noise/noisy/ noisily) and the bustle of the town
75.Gases from factories are extremely (harm/ harmful/ unharmed)
76.We’ve decided to interview only six (apply/ applicant/ applicants/ applied)
77.John drives very (care/ careful/ careless/ carefully/ carelessly) He ‘s never had any accidents
78.We all enjoy (learn / learning/ to learn/ learned) English
79.In Britain the people who are out of work get (employed/ unemployment/ employment) benefit
80.The water is (polluting/ polluted/ pollutant) You can’t drink it
81No trees can grow on the soil It is (tree /treeless)
1 He is unhappy because of his -
2 This country has - climate
3 She has a - for pink.
4 Computers are - used in schools and universities
5 I sometimes do not feel - when I am at a party
6 English is the language of -
A communicative B communication C communicate D communicatively
7 I have to do this job because I have no -
8 He is not very - of criticism
9 English is used by pilots to ask for landing - in Cairo
10 He did some odd jobs at home -
A disappointment B disappoint C disappointed D disappointedly
11 Don’t be afraid This snake is -
12 During his -, his family lived in the United State
A childB childhood C childish D childlike
13 Jack London wrote several - novels on adventure
14 He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any - for it
15 The custom was said to be a matter of -
16 She is - in her book
Trang 417 As she is so - with her present job, she has decided to leave.
18 Although her visit wasn’t -, we made her welcome just the same
19 He plays the piano - well
20 Prices continue to show an upward -
21 They will - this road because its - is too narrow
22 They did everything possible to - the police force
23 I spent a ( an ) - night because of my toothache I am very tired now
24 Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be -
25 The - of old buildings should be taken into consideration
26 Our education will help with the - of knowledge for the young
27 Getting such a well – paid job is beyond my -
28 That is not - true of single parents
29 That is silly What you are seeing is -
30 Hunting for meat and burning forest for soil - wildlife
31 This new kind of generator can generate a current of high -
32 The children always get - on long journey
33 Most of the rivers flowing through big cities are - with chemical waste factories
34 It is necessary for the host to make his guests feel comfortable and -
A laser beam’s - is strong enough to kill cancer cells
A intention B intensity C intend
1.My mother is interested in……… ( COOK)
2.We can not buy love and……… ( HAPPY)
3.John drove……….so he had an accident (CARE)
4.Our teacher ……… us to work hard for our exams ( ENCOURAGE)
5.People send their children to have a good……… (EDUCATE)
6.In spite of his………, he still work hard for money (RICH)
7.The house is very……… but we don’t like it very much (WONDER)
8.This is the………man I have ever known ( BAD)
9.My father sings very……… ( GOOD)
10.There are many ……….between English and Vietnamese ( DIFFERENT)
Some rules of defining the stress_một số qui tắc xác định trọng âm
1.Hâu hết các danh từ & tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết đâu( ‘happy/ ‘teacher/ ‘handsome )
2.Hâu hết các động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết cuối(be’gin/ a’rrive/ be’come/ re’turn )
3.Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là: -ial; -ian; -iar; -ient; -ic; -ier; -ion; -ious thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiêt trớc âm tiêt
có chứa các chữ cái trên:(‘social/ mu’sician/ fa’miliar/ demo’cratic/ ‘soldier/ ‘nation/ vic’torious/ o’bedient/ geo’graphic/ scien’tific / in’vention/ de’cision / po’ssession/ a’ttraction )
4.Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là:-acy; -ate; -ity; -ical; -ent; -enc; -ous; -tude; -PHY;-TY;-CY;-GY;-AL
thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiêt thứ3 tính từ cuối lên:
(de’mocratic/‘educate/uni’versity/po’litical/‘government/mag’nificence/‘numerous/‘magnitude/ge’ography/bi’ology/ a’bility/ eco’nomical )
5 Hâu hết các từ kết thúc là:-OO;-AIN;-EE;-REE;-EER;-ESE;-ETTE;-ESQUE thì trọng âm rơi ở âm tiết cuối:
(sham’poo/ enter’tain/ emlo’yee/ a’gree/ Vietna’mese/ ciga’rette/ pictu’resque )
6.Hâu hết các danh từ ghép thì trọng âm rơi ở phân đầu ; động từ ghép và tính từ ghép thì trọng âm rơi ở phần sau:
(‘fishing _rob/ ‘father_in_law/ snow_’white/ over_’working )
7.Trọng âm ko bao giờ rơi ở các tiền tố: a- , be- , dis- , for- , -I; -im- , mis- , pre- , re- , un- , …
(a’go, be’fore, dis’like, for’get, i’llegal, im’portant, mis’take, pre’fer, re’turn, un’do, up’stairs)
đuôi: -ER;-OR;-AR;-ED;-ING;-ABLE;-MENT;-FUL;-dom;-en;-hood;-less;-ly;-ness;-ship;-some, …
( ‘teacher/ ‘working/ ‘handsome/ ‘beautiful/ ‘careless/ ‘friendship/ ‘happiness/ a’ttended/ )
A.money B.army C.afraid D.people A.capital B.tradition C.modern D.music
A.engineer B.Chinese C.contain D.oversleep A.conversation B.isolation C.traditional D.situation A.paper B.tonight C.lecture D.story A.doctor B.tired C.television D.finish
A.redundancy B.industrial C.musical D.pollution A.electric B.logic C.obtain D.invent
A.activity B.apology C.accuracy D.national A.career B.writer C.cooker D.singer
A.enjoy B.daughter C.decide D.employ A.important B.dangerous C.comfortable D.began
Trang 5A admire B honour C title D difficult A describle B prefer C political D society
A independence B politicianC immortalityD.different A father B nation C apply D moment
A ashame B position C begin D enter A realize B improve C possible D poverty
A republic B collect C situation D inscription A chemistry B victory C mineral D attendance
A suffer B doctor C refer D generator A relationship B command C express D temporary
A compete B control C black bird D divide A over flow B chemical C quality D.tendency
A physical B activity C increase D expectancyA parents B mountain C geography D criticise
A create B mercury C regular D compromise