The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 101 ppt

980 Maps of Philosophy Metaphysics Main related subjects 1 See being. 2 See universals. 3 See substance; qualities; relations; event. Topics in metaphysics Monism Ontology 1 Identity Causation Space and time Appearance and and reality pluralism Personal identity Philosophy of science Abstract Categories 3 Intentional Mind and God objects 2 objects body Predication Phenomenology Philosophy of religion Philosophy of language Logic Types of metaphysics Descriptive Revisionary Logic and philosophical logic Philosophy of language Philosophy of mind Phenomenology Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Maps of Philosophy 981 Realism 1 The view that one can say ‘A is the same as B’ without specifying ‘A is the same so-and-so as B’. As doctrine of universals (contrasts include conceptualism; nominalism; resemblance theories) Extreme Moderate (platonism)(duns scotus, aristotle) Re the world (contrasts include idealism; phenomenalism) Ordinary Perspective realism realism: nature of object depends on relation to other objects Modal: possible but non-actual worlds are real (contrasts include fictionalism: such worlds are mere inventions) Causal (contrasts include constant-conjunction theories; other forms of reductionism) Moral (contrasts include subjectivism; relativism; scepticism) Re identity 1 (contrasts include conceptualism Re truth as transcending knowability (contrasts include anti-realism; irrealism, quasi-realism) Re perception (contrasts include representative theories, or indirect realism; idealism) Naïve Direct Critical New realism realism realism realism (reid) 982 Maps of Philosophy Logic and philosophical logic Main related subjects 1 See conditionals. 2 See logical necessity. 3 See paradoxes. 4 See bivalence; excluded middle. Deductive Philosophical logic Symbolic logic Informal Theory Theory Theory of Metalogic Formal Mathematical Model logic of meaning of truth implication 1 logic logic theory Relation of Set theory Proof theory logical terms or metamathematics to ordinary language Boolean algebra Types of Deontic Modal Propositional Predicate Many-valued implication logic logic 2 calculus calculus logic Traditional (syllogistic) logic Philosophy Entailment Strict Formal of language ( RUSSELL, Material Pragmatic now rare) Relevance Implicature logic Moral philosophy Decision theory ( GRICE) Types Bearers Dimensions Nature Bearers Applicability of meaning of meaning of meaning of truth 3 of truth of truth 4 Non-cognitive Cognitive Literal Metaphorical Analogical Emotive Prescriptive Words Phrases Sentences Inductive Philosophy of science Probability Confirmation Logic of theory theory explanation Abduction Teleological Covering-law model Philosophy of history Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of language Philosophy of science Metaphysics Maps of Philosophy 983 Philosophy of language Main related subjects 1 See also map of Logic and philosophical logic above. Presuppositions of language The possibility Innate Intensionality Philosophy of mind of private ideas language Language Language Language and animals and machines and people Common features The possibility of all known of a language languages of thought ( FODOR) Structural features: Metaphysical features: modes of representation role of particulars, ( CHOMSKY) possibility of feature- placing languages ( STRAWSON) Nature of language Grammar Language and Language and other symbolic interpretation: systems translatability, analyticity Deep structure Deep structure and surface and logical structure form Logic and philosophical logic Philosophy of mind Epistemology Moral philosophy Linguistics Semiotics Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Hermeneutics Formal Theories of Types of Logic meaning 1 implication 1 Speech-act theories Meaning Names, Subjects and truth descriptions, and and predicates indexical signs Sense and reference; connotation and denotation 984 Maps of Philosophy Philosophy of mind Main related subjects 1 See externalism; individualism. Metaphysics Nature of mind Mind and body Nature of the Minds and Intentionality 1 Consciousness self: personal machines identity Is it dispensable? Relations between consciousness and mental dispositions (including unconscious desires and beliefs) Our knowledge of mind One’s own Other mind minds Epistemology Epistemology Metaphysics Moral philosophy Philosophy of science Philosophy of psychology Cognitive science Cybernetics Information theory Psychology Neuroscience Contents of mind Cognitive states Affective states Conative states Feelings Emotions Moods Philosophy of The Freedom and action will determinism Is dispositional analysis possible? Certainty Belief Supposition Conjecture Mere entertaining Maps of Philosophy 985 Theories of mind and body Dualism Substance Epiphenom- No-ownership Nomic Property dualism enalism view correlation dualism Interactionism Parallelism Overlapping —causal, (strawson) between chains (descartes) Causal, Pre-established Occasionalism within harmony (malebranche) chains (leibniz) Biological naturalism (searle) Monism Materialism Intermediate Idealism theories (berkeley) Hylozoism Identity Behaviourism Eliminative Functionalism theories (watson) materialism (churchlands) Type Token Anomalous Double-aspect Neutral Hylomorphism monism theory monism (aristotle) (davidson)(spinoza)(james russell) 986 Maps of Philosophy Moral philosophy (or ethics) Main related subjects 1 See moral realism; subjectivism; relativism. Theoretical Metaethics Normative ethics Deontology: Axiology: questions questions about duty about value Aesthetics Nature of Moral Moral morality psychology epistemology Objectivity Nature of Moral Decision Descriptive Nature of Nature of of morality 1 responsibility motivation theory ethics moral knowledge moral arguments and its connection with free Logic Game theory Justification Deontic will of moral views logic Philosophy of mind Logic Applied Business Legal Medical Bioethics Environmental ethics ethics ethics ethics Philosophy Philosophy Philosophy of economics of law of science Aesthetics Philosophy of economics Political philosophy Social philosophy Philosophy of law Philosophy of mind Logic and philosophical logic Maps of Philosophy 987 Ethical theories Relativism Absolutism Deontological views Virtue Teleological views theories Divine-command Rationalism Intuitionism Consequentialism Theories of justice Perfectionism views Kantianism Contract Of principles Of particular Egoism Universalism Altruism Distributive justice Corrective justice views (r. price, facts (plato, cudworth) rawls) Distribution of Distribution of Distribution of satisfaction good things opportunity Utilitarianism Positive Negative Preference Act Rule Act Rule Act Rule Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic (moore)(sidgwick) Non-cognitivism Prescriptivism Emotivism (hare)(ayer, stevenson) 988 Maps of Philosophy Political philosophy Main related subjects Questions of justification Justifications Justifications Justifications for property for existence of behaviour of state or for type of state Of Of state citizens Purpose Basis of Justification of state state of rebellion or political violence To citizens To foreigners Respecting Rights Punishment Emigration civil of liberties citizenship To foreign states To foreign individuals Commercial War Right to International relations a homeland law Immigration Rights of Extradition citizenship Moral philosophy Social philosophy Philosophy of economics Philosophy of law Political science Questions of analysis Authority Ideology Sovereignty Justice and obedience Its Its Nature Punishment location nature of state Types of constitution Democracy Oligarchy Timocracy Plutocracy Monarchy Tyranny Totalitarian (dictatorship) regime Maps of Philosophy 989 Political theories Political ideologies Left–right Others spectrum Anarchism Syndicalism Communism Democratic Liberalism Conservatism Fascism socialism Defences of types of constitution Justice Aims Contract External Minimal Egalitarianism, Welfare defence state preservation state of rights Political values Justice Freedom Welfare Internal: External: Freedom Freedom Maximizing Egalitarian state and citizens between states from to (bentham) Equality of Equality of Equality of satisfaction good things opportunity Political polarities Liberalism/ Liberalism/ Egalitarianism/ Public/private Collectivism authoritarianism egalitarianism hierarchical ownership (rousseau, structures marx)/ individualism (locke) . logic Informal Theory Theory Theory of Metalogic Formal Mathematical Model logic of meaning of truth implication 1 logic logic theory Relation of Set theory Proof theory logical terms or metamathematics to. ethics ethics ethics Philosophy Philosophy Philosophy of economics of law of science Aesthetics Philosophy of economics Political philosophy Social philosophy Philosophy of law Philosophy of mind Logic. Sentences Inductive Philosophy of science Probability Confirmation Logic of theory theory explanation Abduction Teleological Covering-law model Philosophy of history Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy