HISTORY OF ARCHITECTUREON THE COMPARATIVE METHODPROFESSOR BANISTER docx

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE ON THE COMPARATIVE METHOD PROFESSOR BANISTER FLETCHER BANISTER F. FLETCHER iH M^MORhVM R0BeRJX01M€5 FOn MAMV YEA«.S ATEACHEr;. IN THtS COLLECEyr:^^t>>^£)^ THIS BaQ)ClSONE9FANUMB9? FFPMIH^ LIBRARY 9^Jvl'^>10LMES PRESEMTED TO THE QMTAj^iO CDILEGE 9^ ART BY j-LtS RELATIVES ^ to'*^, 'V** t ^ i Some Standard Books on Architecture & Building, Professional Practice, Ornament, etc. Published by B. T. BATSFORD, 94, High Holborx, London. LONDON CHURCHES OF THE XVIIth AND XVIIIth CENTURIES. A selection of the most remarkable Ecclesiastical Buildings, includmg St. Paul's Cathedral, erected within and around the ancient City Walls between the years 1630 and 173O1 from the designs of Imgo Jones, Sir Christopher Wrex, Hawksmoor and Gibrs. Illustrated in a series of 64 plates reproduced in collotype from exceptionally fine photographs specially taken for the work, and 130 illustrations in the text. With Historical and Descriptive Accounts by George H. Birch, F. S.A. Price £^ 4J. net, half bound morocco. \_Jt(st published. ARCHITECTURE OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND. Illustrated by a Series of Views and Details from Buildings erected between the years 1560 and 1635, with Historical and Critical Text. By J. Alfred Gotch, F.S.A., F.R. I.B. A. Two volumes containing 145 folio plates, 1 18 being reproduced from photographs taken expressly for the work, and 180 illustrations in the text. Price ^^7 7^ net, in cloth portfolio ; or ;^8 %s. net, half bound morocco. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE DETAIL AND ORNAMENT. Drawn by Geo. J. Oakeshott, A. R. I.B. A. 40 lithographic plates, folio, buckram. Price £\ \is. "We have nothing but praise for this work, which is throughout care- fully and conscientiously carried out. The author deserves commenda- tion for his choice of subjects, no less than for his illustration of them. — The British Architect. STREETS AND CANALS IN VENICE. lOO beautiful plates, reproduced in heliogravure, illustrating the most Remarkable Buildings and the most Picturesque Views in Venice. With Descriptive and Historical Notices of the subjects, edited by Ferdinand Ongania. Price £^ 5j. net, in handsome binding, morocco back and cloth sides, gilt and gilt top. AN ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT DOMESTIC ARCHI- TECTURE IN GREAT BRITAIN ^ By F. T. DOLLMAX, Architect, and J. R. JOBBINS. Contain- ing i6i lithographic plates, with Descriptive Text. Two volumes. 4to, half bound, roxburghe style. First published at £^ ^s. ; price £2 2s. net. This beautiful and comprehensive work is unrivalled for its faithful illustrations of some of the finest examples of our ISIedisval Domestic -Architecture. DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. Measured and Drawn from Existing Examples of the Xllth, Xlllth, XlVth and XVth Centuries. By J. K. Colling, Architect. 190 lithographed plates, forming two handsome volumes. 410, cloth gilt. First published at £'^ $s. ; price £2 2s. net. A most complete and practical work ; the drawings for which were made on the spot by the author, from his own measurements, and their correctness and beauty are well known. ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE. Greek, Roman and Italian. Edited, with Notes, by R. Phen£ Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B A. Second Edition, with four new plates, including one of Greek Mouldings, by R. W. ScHULTZ, 24 plates. Imp. 4to, cloth. Price los. 6d. "Should be considered as an indispensable possession by all students of architecture." — The A rchitect. WRENS TOWERS AND STEEPLES. A Descriptive, Historical and Critical Essay. By A. T. Taylor, A.R.I. B.A. With upwards of 50 illustrations. Demy 8vo, fancy boards. Price 45. dd. THREE PERIODS OF ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. I. At Work. II. Asleep. III. Awaking. With illus- trations. By Thomas Harris, F.R.I. B.A. Large 8vo, buckram. Price 7^. dd. " Whether discussing the groiuid plans of Tudor houses, or the legiti- mate use of iron and aluminium among the building materials of the near future, Mr. Harris interests you, and by a pleasant non-combative argu- ment sets in motion many trains of thought. It is freely illustrated and well printed, .so that to loiter over its pages is a genuine pleasure." — T/w Sfrtd/o. 2 BUNGALOWS AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES. A Series of Designs and Examples of Recently Executed Works. By R. A. Bri(;gs, F.R.I.B.A. Third and Enlarged Edition, containing 39 plates, with descriptions. 410, cloth. Price IZs. ()d. "The views given embrace such a variety of style, and such charm of treatment, both internal and external, that he would be hard to please who could not find among them a design of a cottage or bungalow to suit both his pocket and his aesthetic tastes."— .S7. James's Budget. F.IRM BUILDINGS. Their Construction anil Arrangement. By A. Dudley Clarke, F.S.I. With numerous plans and other illustra- tions. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 6j. net. *^,* This work has been adopted as the text-book by the Surveyors' Institution. " A pre-eminently practical book. . . The plans are excellent."— 77;<' Builder. ' .Mr. Clarke's handbook is the best of its Vmi "—Smveyor. PROFESSOR BANISTER FLETCHER'S VALUABLE TEXT BOOKS FOR ARCHITECTS AND SURVEYORS. A7-ranged in Tabulated Form and fully indexed for Ready Reference. QUANTITIES. The most Complete, Concise, and Handy Work on the Subject. Sixth Edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged, to which is added an example of the complete Taking-off, Abstracting, and Billing in all Trades of an Entrance Lodge. With 16 Lithographic Plates, giving Plans, Elevations, and Sections, and numerous Illustrations in the text. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price Is. dd. " It is no d ubt the best work on the subject extant." — The Builder. " A safe, comprehensive, and concise text-book on an important tech- nical subject. We imagine few surveyors' or architects' shelves will be without it." — British Architect. DILAPIDA TIONS. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged, with all the mosj recent Legal Cases and Acts. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 6s. 6d. "An excellent compendium on the Law and Practice of the subject o f which it treats. "— /"/if Builder. THE LONDON BUILDING ACT, 1894, Comprising the Act, printed in extenso, together with a full Abstract giving all the Sections of the Act which relate to building, set out in Tabular Form for easy reference, and an Introduction showing the leading alterations made by the Act, together with the various Sections of Acts unrepealed, and the Bye-Law^s and Regulations remaining in foixe. Second Edition, revised, with Appendices of Cases and F'orms and a full Index. Illustrated with 19 Coloured Plates, showing the thickness of walls, plans of chimneys, &c. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 6^. dd. " It is the Law of Building for London in one volume." — Architect. "The Abstract of the portion of the Act relating to building is very useful as a finger-post to the Sections in which the detailed regulations in regard to various operations of building are to be looked for—an assistance the more desirable from the fact that the Act is by no means well or systematically arranged." — The Builder. LIGHT AND AIR. With Methods of Estimating Injuries, Reports of most recent Cases, &c. Third Edition, revised and enlarged, with 26 Coloured Diagrams. Crown Svo, cloth. Price 65. 6a'. " By far the most complete and practical text-book we have seen. In it will be found the cream of all the legal definitions and decisions." — Building News. VALUATIONS AND COMPENSATIONS. With Appendix, giving Forms of Precedents, and Valuation Tables, being a New Edition of " Compensations," to which are added Chapters on Valuations. Crown Svo, cloth. Price 6s. 6d. 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"The Fifth Edition is an exhaustive treatise on the subject of House Sanitation, comprising all that relates to Drainage, Ventilation, and Water Supply within and appertaining to the house, not only pointing 4 out what are the best methods and apparatus, but also showing what appliances should be avoided, and the reasons for and against." — Journal R.I. B. A. " As a Technological Handbook for Students, Architects, and Sanitary Experts, Mr. Hellyer's treatise is unsurpmsed." — Building News. "The best Treatise existing on Practical Plumbing." — The Builder. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND DRAWING. First Stage or Elementary Course. Specially adapted for the use of Students in Science and Technical Schools. By C. F. Mitchell, Lecturer on Building Construction, Polytechnic Institute. Third Edition, revised and enlarged, with 600 Illustrations, fully dimensioned. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 3J. " An excellent and trustworthy little treatise, prepared and illustrated in a verj- thorough and practical spirit." — The Builder. "The illustrations are accurate and clear, every part having the dimensions figured. " — Building Neu's. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. Advan'ced and Honours Courses. By C. F. Mitchell, Compiled for Students preparing for the Examinations of the Science and Art Department, the R. I.B. A., Surveyors' Institution, the City Guilds, <S:c. Containing 504 pp. of te.xt, and over 220 Illustrations. Crown Svo, cloth. Price 5J 6^. " It is a most admirable work for students and young men engaged in building. . . . Ver>' complete and accurate." —Mr. J. T. Hurst. "A valuable addition to the text-books suited for architectural students. . . . We find it up-to-date and concisely arranged. . . . The illustrations are well drawn and numerous." — Building Neius. "Within the limits of the size adopted it is difficult to imagine a more judicious selection of valuable information and instruction in building construction than this work presents. . . . Mr. Mitchell's two books should be in the hands of every architect's pupil, and will be found excellent value for the small price." — The Builder. ESTIMATING. A Method of Pricing Builders' Quantities for Com- petitive Work. By George Stevenson. Second Edi- tion, the prices carefully revised. Crown Svo, cloth. Price 6s. td. " A ver^' useful help to those who wish to price an estimate without having to resort to a price book. " — Building A'e7vs. REPAIRS. How TO Measure and \'aLue them. A Handbook for the use of Builders, Decorators, etc. By the Author of " Estimating." Crown Svo, cloth. Price ^s. 6d. ''We recommend all young men in the Building Trades who are likely to be called upon to do any estimating, to obtain this little book and make it their pocket vade-mecum:'— IllustratedCarpenter and Builder HOUSE DRAINAGE. A Handbook for Arcliitecls and Building Inspectors. By G. A. 'J. MiDDLEiON, A.R.I.B.A. Illustrated by 19 plates and diagrams. Second Edition, revised. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 3^. bd. " In this little book Mr. Middleton enunciates the accepted principles of house drainage. . . . The diagrams are drawn to a good scale." — Bitilding News. STRESSES AND THRUSTS. Being a Revised and Enlarged Edition of "Strains in Structures." By G. A. T. Middleton, A.R.I.B.A. With 89 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 5^. "The most simple and exhaustive treatise that has yet appeared upon the determination of stresses in quiescent structures, and it should prove of great use to architects, students, and all connected with the building trade. Its utility in preparing for examinations will be verj' great." — Illustrated Carpenter and Builder. SHORING AND UNDERPINNING. A Treatise on. By C. A. Stock, Archt. With numerous illustrations on 10 lithographic plates. Second Edition, re- vised by F. R. Farrow, F. R.I.B.A. 8vo, cloth. Price 4^^. bd. "A valuable addition to the practical library of the architect and builder. . . . Very comprehensive. We heartily recommend it to all readers. " — Building News. DANGEROUS STRUCTURES. A Handbook for Practical Men. By G. H. Blag rove. With illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 35. "A handy little manual for practical men, suggesting ready means for getting over difficulties which frequently occur in practice." — Kngiiieering. ' VVe recommend this book to all architects and students of building." Building- News. A HANDBOOK OF ORNAMENT. With 300 plates, containing about 3,oco illustrations of the Elements and Application of Decoration to Objects. By F. S. Meyer, Professor at the School of Applied Art, Karls- ruhe. Second English Edition, revised by Hugh Stannus, F. R.I.B.A., Lecturer on Applied Art, National Art Schools, South Kensington. Thick 8vo, cloth gilt, gilt top. Price \2s. 6d. " An encyclopaedia of all that is best in every application of decorative work." — Science and Art. " A library, a museum, an encyclopsedia, and an art school in one. To rival it as a book of reference one must fill a bookcase."— 7//^ Studio. "The author's acquaintance with ornament amazes, and his three thousand subjects are gleaned from the finest examples the world affords," The A rchitect. h [...]... architecture The revival of the arts and letters in the fifteenth century was a fresh factor in the history of architecture The condition of Europe at that period was one of ripeness for a great change, the Gothic system, Avhether in architecture or may fairly be said to works were tinged by the coming change, or showed signs of becoming stereotyped by the repetition of mechanical forms The new force was the. .. construct from the Etruscans, the ancient inhabitants of Central Italy This dualism is a very important fact to remember, because, as we shall see, it eventually ended in the exclusion of the beam altogether, and in the employment of the arch alone, throughout the entire constructive system of the building The column and arch were then used conjointly by the Romans for some time, good examples being the Colosseum... divisions, which are (i) the Classic, or the architecture of the beam, and (2) the Gothic, or the architecture of the arch generality of cases, actual work of support being performed by the : COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE 4 The early styles, including Greece, belong to the former Roman architecture is a composite transition style, whose unchecked, would seem to have been the combination of the round arch and... effects of these influences, also the qualities of the styles themselves, a comparative and and method has been adopted, so that by the contrast maybe more easily grasped P'or instance, the special character of Gothic architecture becomes manifest when put in comparison with the Classic and analytical of qualities the differences Renaissance styles and, furthermore, the shades of difference in the local... treated, and the artistic and mathematical skill with which they were constructed, illustrate the keen artistic temperament of the Greeks Greece eventually succumbed to the conquering Romans who, however, adopted their architecture, and in many cases employed Greek artists in the erection of their buildings While borrowing this trabeated architecture, they added the use of the arch, which they had probably... only nation of the banks of the Nile ancient world which had at once easy access to the Northern Sea, or Mediterranean, as well as to the Eastern, or Arabian sea ; for by way of the Red Sea, Egypt always commanded an access to both these highways The consequence was that Egypt had outlets for her own productions and inlets for those of foreign nations The possession of the Nile, moreover, was of immense... the local or national phases of each, can also be ; equally drawn out by a similar comparative treatment The styles contrasted ; themselves are then analyzed and the parts the analysis being carried out on the basis of the essential parts which every building possesses system pervades the whole book, either the As this influences, character, examples, or comparative features of each style, can be contrasted... utilitarian, so the column even as a decorative feature disappeared, and the arcuated system it had masked was exposed Columns, when used, were now again constructive, as in many of the great basilicas, in which the semicircular arches spring directly from their capitals As the Romans conquered the whole of the then known world, that is to say, most of what is now known as Europe, so this feature of the semicircular... construction and decoration The transition commenced in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, when the later Romanesque, so called as being derived from the Roman style, was in vogue Constructive necessity, aided largely by inventive genius led, in the latter part of the twelfth century, to the introduction of the pointed arch The pointed arch is the keynote of what is known as the Gothic or pointed... it is complete drawings of therefore provided the largest pos- and have confined the vivid, notes text to of the special qualities and characteristics of the building referred to For the illustrations, photographs of large size have been reduced and printed in Collotype by the Direct Photo Engraving Company, Limited, who have also executed the blocks from the line drawings of special plans, maps, and . 8vo, buckram. Price 7^. dd. " Whether discussing the groiuid plans of Tudor houses, or the legiti- mate use of iron and aluminium among the building materials of the near future, Mr. Harris interests you,. is the Law of Building for London in one volume." — Architect. " ;The Abstract of the portion of the Act relating to building is very useful as a finger-post to the Sections in which the detailed. CRAFTSMAN, AND AMATEUR BEING A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE HISTORICAL STYLES FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD BY BANISTER FLETCHER, F.R.I.B.A. Professor of Architecture in King's College, London Fello-w of King's