Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications_1 ppsx

Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications edited by Reccab M. Ochieng SC I YO Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications Edited by Reccab M. Ochieng Published by Sciyo Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2010 Sciyo All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by Sciyo, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Lipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright taraki, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published November 2010 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.sciyo.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from publication@sciyo.com Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications, Edited by Reccab M. Ochieng p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-142-8 SC I YO. C O M WHERE KNOWLEDGE IS FREE free online editions of Sciyo Books, Journals and Videos can be found at www.sciyo.com [...]... the six collectors In the next paragraphs of this section each of the six optical layouts is described in details: optical configuration and performance are examined and compared Then in Sect 3 some experimental measurements on realised samples of the designed collectors are analysed and compared with the theoretical estimations 4 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 2.1 Mangin collectors. .. Table 4 Features and collection performance of Cassegrain CCM collectors 14 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications in PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) Table 4 summarises optical parameters and collection performance of conic Cassegrain CCM collectors: it compares two theoretical optical projects, C1 in Fused Silica and C2 in PMMA (in italics), to the CCM manufactured in quartz and plastic The... layouts of the six collectors, the CCM thickness (25mm) is considerably shorter and, being a monoblock, it is easier to be mounted and aligned These characteristics of the CCM are a fundamental advantage since the device is modular and it is supposed to incorporate several collectors in each tile (illustrated in Sect 4) Fig 9 Layout of CCM: collector C1 10 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications... the collector but also its compactness In Tables 1 and 2 it is classified as conic Cassegrain and indicated as C1 The first surface is elliptic and the second one is spherical The maximum EPD is 56mm, f is 55mm and f/# is 0.98 As for the previous collectors, C1 fulfils the fibre-matching requirements: the output 8 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications (a) (b) (c) Fig 7 (a) Zemax optical... Internal Lighting by Solar Collectors and Optical Fibres Spectralon cube FILTER L Glass Fibre LED Screen OBSERVER (a) Spectralon cube FILTER F FILTER L Plastic Fibre LED Screen OBSERVER (b) Fig 20 (a) Set-up for Colour_Test_1 comparing Glass Fibre and LED lights (b) Set-up for Colour_Test_2 comparing Plastic Fibre and filtered LED lights 26 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications u’ v’... especially for bundle production, and quartz fibres are very fragile and 22 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications rigid Glass fibres have a light attenuation higher than silica fibres, but they are considerably cheaper and more flexible, which is a fundamental advantage Generally plastic is the preferred material to make fibres bundles, since it facilitates production and plastic fibre bundles... performance improvement The average collection efficiency E of the coated lenses was 98% and in addition the treatment reduced the E standard deviation The features experimentally measured on the production samples were: mean focal length of 62.4mm, diameter of 55mm and width of 14.9mm 20 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications The lenses were exposed to the external atmospheric agents to test... 4 Sun tracking systems to support and orient the collectors 4.1 Sun tracking method The sun tracking technique was studied [15], experimented and tested under working conditions Suitable mechanical systems, to support and move the optical system, were 15 Internal Lighting by Solar Collectors and Optical Fibres designed and built The movements to align the optical collectors in the sun direction were... using white LED, plastic and glass fibres Fig 19 Visual comparison of the sunlight transmitted by plastic and glass fibres 24 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications Glass fibre appeared to be more appropriate for obtaining the correct hue Nevertheless for the museum installation we finally decided to use polymeric fibre bundles because they are almost unbreakable and easier for installation,... so the tile dimensions were 14cm x 14cm Reduced size of the tile and system geometry makes it adaptable to the available space and to specific architectural requirements (a) Fig 12 (a ) Tile of 4 Mangins.(b) Tile of 4 CCM Cassegrains (b) 16 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications Fig 12a presents the tile with 4 Mangin60 collectors made of glass The housing for the single collector is . Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications edited by Reccab M. Ochieng SC I YO Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications Edited by Reccab. C1. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 10 (a) (b) Fig. 10 . (a) Zemax optical design of conic Cassegrain C1. (b) Zemax 3D model of conic Cassegrain C1. Fig. 11 Vieira and Alexandre Manuel Mota Contents Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Basics and