English for International trade 1 pps

Giả thuyết duy nhất có thể đặt ra khiến cho lệnh phiếu bị nhảy số không được rút tiền mặt là nơi phát hành lệnh phiếu ngưngthanh toán, đơn vị phát hành bị phá sản haylệnh phiếu bị giả mạ

ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE 1

Software CD “Business English 3” (installed with CD 1); & Textbook is “Business Transactions”

Unit 1: International Money Order

Unit 2: Checques

Unit 3: Traveller’s cheques

Unit 4: Letters of Credit; Invoices

Unit 5: Bills of Lading

Unit 6: Letters of enquiries

Unit 7: Follow-up letters; sales letters

Unit 8: Letters of complaints

Examination:

Speaking

Listening

Writing: business letters, reports, essays

Translation: English – Vietnamese; Vietnamese - English

Unit 1 International Money Orders

An international money order is very similar in many aspects to a regular money order except that it can be used

to make payments abroad With it, a buyer can easily pay a seller for goods or services if he or she resides in another country International money orders are often issued by a buyer's bank and bought in the currency that the seller accepts International money orders are thought to be safer than sending currency through the post because there are various forms of identification required in order to cash an international money order often including a signature, and a form of photo identification.

PLACEMENT TEST – Class: ……

Name: ….Date of Birth: … Place of Birth: ………

Date of Test: ……

PART 1: In brief answer the following questions

1) Do you have a computer?

2) Have you ever accessed the Internet to look up vocabulary in English?

3) Do you like to study English?

PART 2: Translate into Vietnamese

PART 3: Underline the vowel where it is stressed in the word of two syllables or more

NOT EXCEEDING FIVE HUNDRED POUNDS STERLING

Sender XYZ COMPANY LIMITED

Negotiate through the world at the current rate for demand drafts

To: Barclay Bank Limited 33 Old Broad Street, London, EC2P M8 England

2)IMO= International Money Order Lệnh rút tiền QT, lệnh phiếu QT

In the United States, a money order is a

type of check intended to provide a safe

alternative to sending cash in the mail

Money orders are typically sold by third

parties such as the Postal Service, grocery

stores, convenience stores, and financial

service companies such as banks

Tại Mỹ, lệnh phiếu là một loại chi phiếu nhằm cung cấp phương thức gửi tiền mặt qua bưu điện an toàn Lệnh phiếu thường

do các bên thứ 3 bán ra chẳng hạn như dịch vụ bưu điện, cửa hàng thực phẩm, cửahàng tạp hóa, và các công ty dịch vụ tài chính như ngân hàng

A money order as purchased by a presenter

typically consists of two portions: the

negotiable check for remittance to the

creditor, and a receipt he retains for his

Lệnh phiếu được người cầm giữ xuất trình thường gồm có 2 phần: chi phiếu chuyển nhượng dung để thanh toán cho chủ nợ, và biên nhận người xuất trình dùng để lưu hồ

£

records The amount is imprinted by

machine or checkwriter on both portions,

and similar documentation, either as a third

hard copy or in electronic form, is retained

at the issuer and agent locations

sơ Số lượng tiền do nơi phát hành in bằng máy trên cả 2 phần, và các chứng từ liên quan, giống như bản cứng thứ 3 hay có mẫu lập trình trin máy vi tính, được lưu giữ nơi phát hành hay các đại lý

A money order is purchased for the amount

desired In this way it is similar to a certified

check The main difference is that money

orders are usually limited in face value to

some specified figure (usually under

$1,000) while certified checks are not

One of the reasons for the growing

popularity of money orders is that, unlike a

personal bank check, they are pre-paid and

therefore cannot bounce The only

hypothetical reasons a money order could

ever bounce are if the payment is stopped

by the maker of the money order, if the

issuing company goes bankrupt, or if the

money order is fraudulent or counterfeit

Muốn mua Ngân phiếu có số lượng tiền baonhiêu cũng được Như vậy lệnh phiếu cũng giống như Séc có xác nhận Khác nhau chủyếu là lệnh phiếu thường có mệnh giá quy định( thường dưới 1000 dollar) trong khi chiphiếu có xác nhận muốn viết bao nhiều tùy ý

Một trong những lý do lệnh phiếu được nhiều người ưa chuộng là vì, khác với chi phiếu cá nhân, người mua phải trả trước và

do vậy không có trường hợp bị nhảy số thứ

tự Giả thuyết duy nhất có thể đặt ra khiến cho lệnh phiếu bị nhảy số (không được rút tiền mặt) là nơi phát hành lệnh phiếu ngưngthanh toán, đơn vị phát hành bị phá sản haylệnh phiếu bị giả mạo hay tẩy xóa

Money orders are generally considered

safer for payments from parties unknown to

the payee, as opposed to a personal check

drawn on the maker's bank account This is

mainly because money orders are unlikely

to bounce due to insufficient funds, since a

money order is drawn on a bank's funds

rather than on an individual's bank account

like a personal check is And while an

individual's checking account balance is

susceptible to running out due to personal

whims and incompetencies, a banking

institution's funds are not In recent years,

partly for this reason, money orders have

become a preferred method of payment by

sellers of goods over the Internet, but are

rapidly being replaced by electronic transfer

services (such a Paypal) as the most

popular method

Ngân phiếu thường được xem là phương thức thanh toán an toàn cho người thụ hưởng không biết rõ người ký phát là ai, hoàn toàn trái ngược với trường hợp ký phát Séc cá nhân dựa trên tài khoản của người ký phát Chủ yếu là bởi vì Ngân phiếu không thể nhảy số thứ tự để trả lại dokhông đủ tiền, kể từ khi một lệnh chuyển tiền được rút ra vào các quỹ của ngân hàngchứ không phải là trên tài khoản ngân hàng của một cá nhân như chi phiếu cá nhân Và trong khi số dư tài khoản của một cá nhân kiểm tra dễ bị hết do whims cá nhân và incompetencies, một tổ chức quỹ của ngân hàng thì không Trong những năm gần đây, một phần vì lý do này, thư chuyển tiền đã trở thành một phương pháp ưa thích thanh toán của người bán hàng qua Internet, nhưng nhanh chóng được thay thế bởi các dịch vụ chuyển tiền điện tử (như Paypal) là phương pháp phổ biến nhất

In India, a Money Order is a service

provided by the postal service A payer who

wants to send money to a payee, pays the

amount and a small commission at a post

office and gets a receipt from the post

office The amount is then delivered as cash

to the payee after a few days by a postal

employee, at the address specified by the

payer A receipt from the payee is collected

and delivered back to the payer at his

address This is reliable and safer than

sending cash in the mail

This is a very valuable service for

transferring funds to a payee who is in a

remote, rural area, where banks may not be

conveniently accessible or where most

people may not use a bank account at all

Ở Ấn Độ, ngân phiếu là 1 dịch vụ được cung cấp bởi Dịch vụ bưu điện Người có ngân phiếu muốn gởi tiền đến Người thụ hưởng, cần đưa 1 số tiền mặt và phí thủ tụccho Bưu điện và nhận lại 1 biên nhận từ bưu điện số tiền này sau đó được giao như

là tiền mặt đến Người thụ hưởng sau 1 vài ngày bởi nhân viên bưu điện, theo địa chỉ

đã được ghi rõ bởi người cầm Ngân phiếu Biên nhận từ Người thụ hưởng được nhân viên bưu điện lấy lại và giao cho Người nộp tiền mặt tại địa chỉ anh ta Đây cách gởi tiềnmặt qua thư rất tin cậy và an toàn

Đây là dịch vụ rất có ích cho việc chuyển tiền đến người thụ hưởng khi họ ở nơi xa xôi, vung nông thôn mà các ngân hàng không thể tới dễ dàng hay nơi mà hầu hết mọi người không thể sử dụng tài khoản ngân hàng

II Illustration

Here is the introduction for using

International Money Order on Italian Post

Office website (Poste Italiane)

International Money Order: To send

money abroad, from all post offices

Features:

According to the existing agreements

with different countries, Poste Italiane

offers two types of services:

International money orders are payable at

the post office listed on the money order

itself, but they can also be cashed at

another office In this case, the beneficiary

must pay 1.03 euro.

The amount of the international money

order is shown in the currency of the

destination country or in an agreed upon

currency, after having been converted from

euro

FEATURES

According to the existing agreements

with different countries, Poste Italiane

offers two types of services:

• ordinary international money

orders: sent by post;

II Minh họa

Đây là sự giới thiệu để sử dụng Ngân phiếuquốc tế trên website của Bưu điện tại Italia.Ngân phiếu quốc tế: để gởi tiền ra nước ngoài, từ tất cả các bưu điện

Các đặc trưng:

Theo như các thỏa thuận đã có với những quốc gia khác, bưu điện Ý cung cấp 2 loại hình dịch vụ như sau:

IMO chỉ được thanh toán tại những bưu điện đã có tên trong danh sách của Ngân hàng Ý công bố mọi người cũng có thể đổi tiền mặt tại các ngân hàng khác ngoài hệ thống nhưng họ phải tốn 1.03 euro

Số tiền của IMO được đổi thành đơn vị tiền

tệ của quốc gia chấp nhận IMO hoặc đơn vitiền tệ đã được thỏa hiệp sau khi đã chuyểnđổi từ Euro

Những đặc điểm khác:

Theo như các thỏa thuận đã có với những quốc gia khác, bưu điện Ý cung cấp 2 loại hình dịch vụ như sau:

IMO thông thường: được gởi bằng Bưu điện

• the Eurogiro: sent via the IT network

linking the countries belonging to the circuit

•

International money orders enable to

receive or send registered letters, insured

letters and C.O.D parcels from/to countries

having underwritten a bilateral agreement

Richiesta in visione vaglia

pagato

1,29

Albania, Algeria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Burkina

Faso Canada, Cape Verde, Czech Rep.,

Taiwan, China, Cyprus, South Korea, Ivory

Coast, Egypt,Ghana, Greece, Guinea,

India*, Israel*, Mauritius, Latvia, Malta,

Mauritania, Poland*, Romania, Senegal,

Slovenia, Spain (including Andorra), South

Africa, Thailand, Hungary Uruguay,

Vatican City, Yugoslavia

Through France: Benin, Cameroon,

Futuna Island, Gabon, New Caledonia,

French Polinesia, Wallis Island

Through South Africa: Lesotho, Namibia.

IMO có thể nhận hay gởi “Thư bảo đảm”,

“thư khai giá” và bưu điện C.O.D từ đến những quốc gia đã ký hiệp định song phương với Italia

Từ 154,94 euro trở xuống

Từ 154,95 euro đến 258,23euro

Từ 258,24 euro đến 516,46euro

Từ 516,47 euro đến1.032,91 euro

Từ 1.032,92 euro trở lên

euro

3,25 3,87 4,39 4,91 5,16

Euro

Thông báo nhận hay thanhtoán

0,46

Chứng nhận ký phát hay thanhtoán

In the United States, a money order is a type of check

intended to provide a safe alternative to sending cash in the

mail Money orders are typically sold by third parties such

as the Postal Service, grocery stores, convenience stores,

and financial service companies such as banks.

Tại Mỹ, lệnh phiếu là một loại chi phiếu nhằm cung cấp phương thức gửi tiền mặt qua bưu điện an toàn Lệnh phiếu thường do các bên thứ 3 bán ra chẳng hạn như dịch vụ bưu điện, cửa hàng thực phẩm, cửa hàng tạp hóa, và các công ty dịch vụ tài chính như ngân hàng

A money order as purchased by a presenter typically

consists of two portions: the negotiable check for remittance

to the creditor, and a receipt he retains for his records The

amount is imprinted by machine or checkwriter on both

portions, and similar documentation, either as a third hard

Lệnh phiếu được người cầm giữ xuất trình thường gồm có 2 phần: chi phiếu chuyển nhượng dung để thanh toán cho chủ nợ, và biên nhận người xuất trình dùng để lưu hồ sơ Số lượng tiền do nơi phát hành in bằng máy trên cả 2 phần, và các chứng từ

copy or in electronic form, is retained at the issuer and

agent locations.

liên quan, giống như bản cứng thứ 3 hay có mẫu lập trình trin máy vi tính, được lưu giữ nơi phát hành hay các đại lý

A money order is purchased for the amount desired In this

way it is similar to a certified check The main difference is

that money orders are usually limited in face value to some

specified figure (usually under $1,000) while certified

checks are not.

One of the reasons for the growing popularity of money

orders is that, unlike a personal bank check, they are

pre-paid and therefore cannot bounce hay không được rút

tiền mặt The only hypothetical reasons a money order

could ever bounce are if the payment is stopped by the

maker of the money order, if the issuing company goes

bankrupt, or if the money order is fraudulent or counterfeit.

Muốn mua lệnh phiếu có số lượng tiền bao nhiêu cũng được Như vậy lệnh phiếu cũng giống như chi phiếu có xác nhận Khác nhau chủ yếu là lệnh phiếu thường có mệnh giá quy định (thường dưới 1000 dollar trong khi chi phiếu có xác nhận muốn viết bao nhiều tùy ý.

Một trong những lý do lệnh phiếu được nhiều người

ưa chuộng là vì, khác với chi phiếu cá nhân, người mua phải trả trước và do vậy không có trường hợp

bị nhảy số thứ tự Giả thuyết duy nhất có thể đặt ra khiến cho lệnh phiếu bị nhảy số (không được rút tiền mặt) là nơi phát hành lệnh phiếu ngưng thanh toán, đơn vị phát hành bị phá sản hay lệnh phiếu bị giả mạo hay tẩy xóa.

Money orders are generally considered safer for payments

from parties unknown to the payee, as opposed to a

personal check drawn on the maker's bank account This is

mainly because money orders are unlikely to bounce due to

insufficient funds, since a money order is drawn on a bank's

funds rather than on an individual's bank account like a

personal check is And while an individual's checking

account balance is susceptible to running out due to

personal whims and incompetencies, a banking institution's

funds are not In recent years, partly for this reason, money

orders have become a preferred method of payment by

sellers of goods over the Internet, but are rapidly being

replaced by electronic transfer services (such a Paypal) as

the most popular method.

Ngân phiếu thường được xem là phương thức thanh toán an toàn cho người thụ hưởng không biết rõ người ký phát là ai, hoàn toàn trái ngược với trường hợp ký phát Séc cá nhân dựa trên tài khoản của người ký phát.

Security features of U.S Postal Money Orders

• PMOs are generally regarded as one of the more difficult financial documents to counterfeit

• Watermarks Telltale watermark when held up to the light should reveal images of Benjamin Franklin,

repeated on the left side (top to bottom)

• Dark security strip running alongside the watermark (top to bottom), just to the right If held to the light,

a microfiber strip will show tiny letters "USPS" along its length, facing backward and forward

• Rainbow of inked patterns and tones

• Maximum value of $1000 for domestic (US) postal money orders, and $700 for International Postal Money Orders

• Denominations appear in two locations If the denomination amounts are discolored, that indicates

that they have been erased.

III Vocabulary

1 Insert the correct words and phrases in the appropriate spaces in the text below

Balance Beneficiary Convenient Currency debit Deposit Encash Fill in

identification Levy Mail Negotiate Refund Service charge Transaction

International Money Orders are suitable for small transaction such as subscription, gifts, order or small

import orders They are usually paid in sterling or US dollars If you want to pay a person or a business abroad

in any other currency , ask a bank official for advice.

When you fill in the request form you write your own name and the names of the Beneficiary, you should also state how you wish to pay: in cash, by cheques, or by debit to your account You then receive the I.M.O., and you can mail it direct to the company or relative abroad.

The I.M.O is convenient because the bank makes all the arrangements for you and there is no delay There is

a small charge, however This is also called a commission charge.

Banks which negotiate IMOs have signs (called stickers) which they display on outside windows and inside on cashiers' counters Your beneficiary can obtain cash for his IMO or he can deposit it to his account The beneficiary's bank will levy a small commission charge, and will ask for suitable identification if they do not

know him personally

Only banks are allowed to encash I.M.O.s They cannot be used in hotels, shops or airports.

If you lose an I.M.O You can get immediate refund which is limited to £100 or US$250.

The balance is repaid after a short period.

International Money Orders are suitable for small…… (1) such as subscription, gifts, order or small

import orders They are usually paid in sterling or US dollars If you want to pay a person or a business

abroad in any other (2) , ask a bank official for advice.

When you (3) the request form you write your own name and the names of the …(4)…… , you should also state how you wish to pay: in cash, by cheques, or by …… (5) to your account You then receive the I.M.O., and you can (6) it direct to the company or relative abroad.

The I.M.O is (7) because the bank makes all the arrangements for you and there is no delay There is

a small (8) , however This is also called a commission charge.

Banks which (9) IMOs have signs (called stickers) which they display on outside windows and

inside on cashiers' counters Your beneficiary can obtain cash for his IMO or he can (10) it tohis account The beneficiary's bank will (11) a small commission charge, and will ask forsuitable (12) if they do not know him personally

Only banks are allowed to (13) I.M.O.s They cannot be used in hotels, shops or airports.

If you lose an I.M.O You can get immediate (14) which is limited to £100 or US$250

The (15) is repaid after a short period

Balance

2 Insert the correct phrases in the appropriate spaces below.

You can buy an I.M.O at your local bank branches The bank can fill in all the necessary forms On your behalf

(1) , so you don't have to complete long application forms

The most convenient method of payment is By debit (2) , as you don't have the risk of carrying notes and

coins and the bank can simply reduce the amount in your account for you If you have an account and a

cheque book you can pay By cheque (3) Both of these methods are better than payment By cash (4), which

is inconvenient and risky

If you have an account or cash, the bank can complete all the arrangements (5) , so there is no delay Youcan then post the I.M.O immediately

You can buy an I.M.O at your local bank branch The bank can fill in all the necessary forms (1) , so you don't have to complete long application forms

The most convenient method of payment is (2) , as you don't have the risk of carry notes and coins and the bank can simply reduce the amount in your account for you If you have an account and a cheque book

you can pay (3) Both of these methods are better than payment On the spot (4), which is inconvenient and

We look forward to supplying the magazines as soon as we receive payment.

Yours sincerely,

C.A Hines

Fill in each blank with a correct preposition, or write “NOTHING” where it is NOT needed

Dear Mr George,

Thank you for your order (Number CH243) (1) 300 copies (2) magazine from our publisher We enclose (3) the invoice, which gives you details (4) the cost Payment must be made before we send the goods The invoice Number is QS3458

We would like to suggest that you pay (5) _ International Money Order The amount (6) _ (not (£137)

is small, and the International Money Order is the quickest and cheapest method for both (7)of us Your bankcan help you to complete it, and you can then post it (8)to our address

We look forward to supplying the magazines as soon as we receive payment

Thank you very much for your letter of the 2nd March 2005 enclosing your detailed bill

I enclose an International Money Order (No.1075881) for USD 250,00 (two hundred fifty US dollars) which include charge your bank will levy for cashing it, or depositing it to your account

I trust that this method of payment is convenient If we reserve rooms in your hotel in the future,however, International Money Order may be inadequate, we hope to enjoy better prices

Yours faithfully,

J.K Harvey

V Exercises

1 Write a letter to an English customer who has booked 25 rooms for a group of English tourists

New World Hotel

Dear Ms Anderson, Miss

Thank you for your booking 25 rooms for a group of English tourists

We enclose the brochure, which gives you details of the cost Deposit must be made before we arrange for preserving the rooms

We would like to suggest that you pay by International Money Order The amount of (£137) is small, and the International Money Order is the quickest and cheapest method for both of us Your bank can help you to complete it, and you can then post it to our address.

We look forward to serving you and your group then.

We would like to suggest that you pay by International Money Order The amount of not (£137) is small, andthe International Money Order is the quickest and cheapest method ft both of us Your bank can help you tocomplete it, and you can then post it to our address

We look forward to supplying the magazines as soon as we receive payment

Yours faithfully,

C.A Hines

Unit 2: Cheques

I History

II Parts of a cheque

III Types of cheques

IV Vocabulary

V Exercises

-A Cheque is a negotiable instrument instructing a

financial institution to pay a specific amount of a

specific currency from a specific demand account

held in the maker or depositor's name with that

institution Both the maker and payee may be

natural persons or legal entities.

Chi phiếu là một công cụ có thể chuyểnnhượng, chỉ thị cho một định chế tàichính thanh toán một lượng tiền cụ thể,rút ra từ một tài khoản vảng lai của người

ký phát Cả người ký phát và người thụhưởng phải đến tuổi trưởng thành haynhà pháp nhân

During the first century C.E., banks in the Near

East issued letters of credit known as Sakks.

They are considered the basis for the modern

cheque.

The cheque had its origins in the ancient banking

system, in which bankers would issue orders at

the request of their customers, to pay money to

identified payees Such an order was referred to

as a bill of exchange The use of bills of

exchange facilitated trade by eliminating the need

for merchants to carry large quantities of

currency (e.g gold) to purchase goods and

services A draft is a bill of exchange which is

payable on demand of the payee.

Vào thế kỷ thứ nhất sau Công nguyên,các ngân hàng ở vùng Cận Đông đã phát

hành thư tín dụng được gọi là Sakks.

Thư tín dụng được coi là cơ sở cho Séchiện đại

Séc có nguồn gốc từ hệ thống ngân hàng

cổ xưa, theo đó chủ ngân hàng sẽ pháthành Ngân phiếu theo yêu cầu của kháchhàng, để trả tiền cho người thụ hưởng đãxác định Một Ngân phiếu như vậy đượcgọi là Hối phiếu Việc sử dụng Hối phiếutạo điều kiện thuận lợi trao đổi nhằm loại

bỏ việc các thương gia mang quá nhiềutiền tệ(chẳng hạn như Vàng)để mua hànghóa hay dịch vụ cho nhu cầu của họ TừDraft cũng được gọi là hối phiếu có lợitheo yêu cầu của người thụ hưởng

The cheque was originally called a "check" in

reference to the counterfoil used to check against

forgery and alterations The spelling "cheque"

seems to have been introduced by J W Gilbart

in 1828 { A practical treatise on banking, 2nd ed,

1828, Effingham Wilson, London) He explains in

a footnote 'Most writers spell it check I have

adopted the above form because it is free from

ambiguity and is analogous to the ex-chequer,

the royal treasury It is also used by the Bank of

England "Cheque Office"' According to Holden,

the older spelling survived in some English"

text-books in the 1920s (M J Holden, History of

Negotiable Instruments in English Law, 1955,

University of London Press, London).

The older spelling is more common in the USA,

but the UK and most Commonwealth countries

have adopted the newer form "cheque".

Từ “cheque” ban đầu được gọi là "check"

bì người ta dùng Cùi tập Séc để kiểm tragiả mạo và tẩy xóa Việc đánh vần từ

“Cheque” dường như đã được giới thiệubởi JW Gilbart vào năm 1828 (trongsách” Luận thực tế về ngân hàng”, Táibản lần thứ 2, năm 1828, EffinghamWilson, London) Ông giải thích rằngtrong Lời chú thích cuối trang hầu hết cácnhà văn đều đánh vấn là “Check” Tôi đãchấp nhận từ đó vì nó không bị mơ hồ và

tương tự với ex-checker nghĩa là kho bạc

hoàng gia Ngân hàng Anh cũng còn sửdụng cho văn phòng chi phiếu TheoHolden, việc đánh vần cũ vẫn tồn tại ởmột số sách tại nước Anh vào nhữngnăm 1920 (MJ Holden, “Lịch sử của cáccông cụ chuyển nhượng trong Luật tiếngAnh”, năm 1955, Đại học London Press,London)

Việc đánh vần cũ (check) rất phổ biến ở

Mỹ, nhưng Vương quốc Anh và hầu hếtcác quốc gia thuộc Khối thịnh vượngchung đã áp dụng từ mới hơn chính là

”cheque”

II) Parts of a cheque

A cheque shall contain:

7-Signature of the drawer

A cheque is generally valid for six

months after the date of issue unless

otherwise indicated, but this varies

depending on where the cheque is

drawn In Australia, for example, it is

fifteen months

II) Các bộ phận của 1 tờ Séc

Một kiểm tra phải bao gồm:

1) Nơi phát hành Séc 2) Mã số Séc

3) Số tài khoản MICR 4) Ngày phát hành Séc 5) Người hưởng lợi 6) Số tiền ghi trên Séc 7) Chữ ký của người ký phát Séc Séc thường có hiệu lực khoảng 6 tháng sau ngày phát hành nếu không

có thông báo khác, nhưng điều này còn thay đổi tùy thuộc vào nơi mà Séc được ký phát.ví dụ ở Úc là 15 tháng.

III Types of cheques

III Types of cheques

In the United States, cheques are

governed by Article 3 of the Uniform

Commercial Code.

•An order cheque - the most common

form in the US - is payable only to the

named payee or his or her indorsee, as

it usually contains the language "Pay

to the order of (name)."

• A bearer cheque is payable to

anyone who is in possession of the

document: this would be the case if the

cheque does not state a payee, or is

payable to "bearer" or to "cash" or "to

the order of cash", or if the cheque is

payable to someone who is not a

person or legal entity, e.g if the payee

line is marked "Happy Birthday".

In the United States, the terminology

for a cheque varies with the type of

financial institution on which it is

III Các loại Séc

Ở Hoa Kỳ, Séc được chi phối theo Điều

3 của “Bộ luật thương mại thống nhất”.

• Séc theo lệnh – loại phổ biến nhất ở

Mỹ, chỉ trả cho người thụ hưởng có tên hoặc người hưởng lợi của anh ấy/cô ấy,vì nó thường chứa ngôn ngữ”yêu cầu trả cho…(tên)".

• Đối với Séc vô danh thì trả cho bất cứ

ai sở hữu chứng từ này: Điều này sẽ xảy ra nếu Séc không khi rõ người hưởng lợi là ai, hoặc là trả cho "người

vô danh" hoặc "đổi thành tiền mặt" hoặc "yêu cầu trả cho tiền mặt”, hoặc Séc trả cho 1 số người không phải là pháp nhân hay là người trưởng thành,

ví dụ như nếu dòng người thụ hưởng được ghi là "Happy Birthday".

Tại Hoa Kỳ, thuật ngữ cho 1 tờ Séc thay đổi với các loại hình tổ chức tài chính khi Séc được ký phát tại đó Đối

drawn In the case of a savings and

loan association it is a negotiable order

of withdrawal; if a credit union it would

be a share draft Cheques as such are

associated with chartered commercial

banks, but under Article 3, and thus in

common usage, cheque is understood

to mean any or all of these negotiable

instruments.

Parties to regular cheques generally

include a maker, the depositor writing a

cheque; a drawee, the financial

institution where the cheque can be

presented for payment; and a payee,

the entity to whom the maker issues

the cheque Ultimately there is also at

least one indorsee which would

typically be the financial institution

servicing the payee's account, or in

some circumstances may be a third

party to whom the payee owes or

wishes to give money.

A payee that accepts a cheque will

typically deposit it in an account at the

payee's bank, and have the bank

process the cheque In some cases, the

payee will take the cheque to a branch

of the drawee bank, and cash the

cheque there If a cheque is refused at

the drawee bank (or the drawee bank

returns the cheque to the bank that it

was deposited at) because there are

insufficient funds for the cheque to

clear, it is said that the cheque has

bounced.

When a maker directs the maker's bank

to deduct the funds for the amount of a

cheque from the maker's account, thus

guaranteeing funds will be available for

the cheque to clear, and the bank

indicates this fact by making a notation

on the face of the cheque (technically

với trường hợp của Hiệp hội tín dụng

và cho vay Séc là 1 tài khoản vãng lai, nếu là một Tổ chức tín dụng thì … Như vậy Séc có liên quan với các ngân hàng thương mại được Chính phủ cấp phép, nhưng theo quy định tại Điều 3,

và do đó sử dụng phổ biến, Séc được hiểu là bất kỳ hoặc tất cả các công cụ chuyển nhượng.

Các bên đến những tấm Séc thông thường bao gồm cả người ký phát, người gửi tiền viết séc, người được ký phát, tổ chức tài chính là nơi Séc có thể được xuất trình để thanh toán; và người thụ hưởng chính là Pháp nhân, người ký phát phát hành Séc Cuối cùng cũng có ít nhất một ngườI được lĩnh Séc thường sẽ là một cơ quan tài chính là đối tượng quản lý tài khoản của người thụ hưởng, hoặc trong một

số trường hợp có thể là một bên thứ

ba mà người thụ hưởng nợ tiền hoặc mong muốn trả tiền cho họ.

Người thụ hưởng chấp nhận tờ Séc thường sẽ gửi nó trong một tài khoản tại ngân hàng của người thụ hưởng(chính họ), và ngân hàng giải quyết tờ Séc Trong một số trường hợp, người thụ hưởng sẽ đưa Séc cho chi nhánh ngân hàng của người được

ký phát, và lĩnh tiền mặt (của tờ Séc) tại

đó luôn Nếu một séc bị từ chối tại ngân hàng của người được ký phát (hoặc ngân hàng đó trả về ngân hàng phát hành tờ Séc đó) bởi vì có các tài khoản không tồn tại, họ nói rằng tờ Séc không có tiền trong TK.

Khi người ký phát Séc yêu cầu ngân hàng của người ký phát trừ trực tiếp vào tài khoản của người ký phát khi trả tiền Séc, do đó tài khoản bảo đảm sẽ

có hiệu lực cho các Séc để trừ, và ngân hàng cho thấy thực tế này bằng một ký hiệu trên mặt của tờ Séc(kỹ

thuật được gọi là acceptance), phương

called an acceptance), the instrument

is then referred to as a certified

cheque.

A cheque used to pay wages due is

referred to as a payroll cheque Payroll

cheques issued by the military to

soldiers, or by some other government

entities to their employees,

beneficiants, and creditors, are referred

to as warrants.

When a cheque is designed to allow

the person signing it to make an

unconditional payment to someone

else as a result of paying the account

holder for that privilege, it is referred to

as a travelers cheque As travelers

cheques can usually be replaced if lost

or stolen, they are often used by

people on vacation in place of cash.

The use of credit or debit cards has,

however, rendered them less important

than they previously were; there are

few places that do not accept credit

cards but do travelers cheques - in

fact, nowadays, many places do not

accept the latter.

A cheque sold by a post office or

merchant such as a grocery for

payment by a third party for a customer

is referred to as a money order or

postal order.

A cheque issued by a bank on its own

account for a customer for payment to

a third party is called a cashier's

cheque, a treasurer's cheque or a bank

cheque A cheque issued by a bank but

drawn on an account with another bank

is a teller's cheque.

tiện thanh toán đó được gọi là Séc được chứng nhận.

Một tờ Séc được sử dụng để trả lương

nó được gọi là payroll check Séc để

trả lương ban hành bởi quân đội cho binh lính, hoặc một số tổ chức chính phủ khác trả lương cho nhân viên, người được hưởng lợi Séc và các chủ

nợ, được gọi là bảo đảm.

Khi Séc được thiết kế để cho phép người ký nó thanh toán vô điều kiện cho người khác như là một kết quả của việc trả tiền của chủ tài khoản cho các đặc quyền đó, nó được gọi là Séc du lịch Khi séc du lịch thường có thể được thay thế nếu bị mất hoặc bị đánh cắp, loại Séc này được sử dụng bởi những người đi nghỉ ở nơi có thể đổi thành tiền mặt Tuy nhiên, việc sử dụng thẻ tín dụng hoặc thẻ ghi nợ, nó

ít quan trọng hơn so với trước đây, có những nơi không chấp nhận thẻ tín dụng nhưng lại chấp nhận séc du lịch - quả thực trong thực tế ngày nay nhiều nơi vẫn không chấp nhận.

Một tờ Séc được bán bởi một bưu điện hoặc các thương gia như hàng tạp hóa hoặc cửa hàng để thanh toán bởi một bên thứ ba cho một khách hàng được gọi là Ngân phiếu hoặc ngân phiếu bưu chính phát hành.

Một tờ Séc được phát hành bởi ngân hàng trên tài khoản riêng của người ký phát cho một khách hàng để thanh toán cho bên thứ ba được gọi là Séc của nhân viên thu ngân, Séc của thủ quỹ hoặc Séc ngân hàng Một tờ Séc phát hành bởi ngân hàng, nhưng được

ký phát trên một tài khoản với ngân hàng khác là Séc thủ quỹ.

In addition to issuing cashier's and

teller's cheques, banks often sell

money orders, and travelers cheques

are usually purchased from banks.

Some public assistance programs such

as the Special Supplemental Nutrition

Program for Women Infants and

Children, or Aid to Families with

Dependent Children make vouchers

available to their beneficiaries, which

are good up to a certain monetary

amount for purchase of grocery items

deemed eligible under the particular

program The voucher can be

deposited like any other cheque by a

participating supermarket or other

approved business.

Ngoài việc phát hành Séc thu ngân và séc thủ quỹ, các ngân hàng cũng thường bán Ngân phiếu và séc du lịch.

Một số chương trình hỗ trợ công cộng như Chương trình bổ sung dinh dưỡng đặc biệt(SNAP) cho phụ nữ Trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ em, hoặc chương trình AFDC làm voucher có sẵn cho những người hưởng lợi của chương trình, đó

là lên đến một số lượng tiền tệ nhất định để mua các mặt hàng tạp hóa được coi là đủ điều kiện theo chương trình cụ thể Voucher có thể được gửi như bất kỳ tờ Séc nào khác bởi một siêu thị tham gia hoặc doanh nghiệp được chấp thuận khác.

Until further notice

Transferring into an account directly from another account Automatic payment by a bank of regular payments to e.g an insurance company, etc

An account is in credit when you have money in the bankPlease accept this cheque in payment

I like to use cheques in preference to cash; it's safer

You pay some of your salary into a deposit account, and in return you get some interest.Until the instructions are changed

Most people nowadays accept cheques (1) in payment of bills and debts They accept cheques from creditors

(2) In preference to cash because it is safer, especially with the crossed cheques system, and (3) in return

they write cheques to their creditors In addition, many people now have their salaries paid (4) In direct credit

into their account

If your account is (5)in credit you can pay your bills by cheque at any time Furthermore, you can pay regular monthly or quarterly (3 month) bills, such as insurance premiums (6) until further notice .The bank will do thisfor you for a small charge, and you can instruct your bank to continue these regular payments,(7) by direct debit usually until the debt is paid.

2 Insert the correct phrases in the appropriate space in the passage below

balance cash Cheque book Counterfoil Credit slip

Checking account in debit

The big advantage of a current account is that you have a (1) Cheque book and you can pay your bills,

by cheque You don't have the risk of carrying (2) cash .around with you.

The advantage of a deposit account is that your money earns (3) Interest ., although the rate is usually not

It is advisable to keep a record of all our payments on the (11)credit slip of your cheque book If your credit entries (or receipts) are not paid by direct credit you should bring the cash, cheque or money order with you and fill in a (12)counterfoil also called a paying-in slip if it is from your paying-in book

If you send a cheque through the post, it must be a (13) crossed cheque to make sure that it cannot be cased

by a dishonest person Sometimes it is necessary to write "Account Payee Only" between the crossed lines.Finally, with a current account you should occasionally ask your branch how much you have in your account This account is called the (14) balanced which is the difference between your payments and receipts

V Exercises

1 Write a letter to the branch of a bank in Central London

You wish to open a current account to enable you to pay the expenses of agents and representatives You will make monthly payments into the account from your own bank branch; and other remittances, such as money orders and postal orders, will be paid into it Include any other credit and debit entries you think necessary.Dear Sir/ Madam,

I wish to open a current account to enable me to pay the expenses of agents and representatives

I will make monthly payments into the account from my own bank branch; and other remittances,such as money orders and postal orders, will be paid into it

I will also include other credit and debit entries I think necessary, such as customer’s accountsreceivable, insurance premiums, power payments, etc.

I look forward to hearing from you soon

Yours faithfully

2 Write a letter to a customer asking him to pay a bill for a magazine subscription

You want him to pay by cheque to the magazine's account Give the address of the bank, the name of thepayee, and the name and address of the bank branch

22 Nguyen Van Linh street District 7

Ho Chi Minh city

17 September 2012

Mr Peters Brown

Family Marketing company

43 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai

District 1

Ho Chi Minh city

Dear Sir or Madam → faithfully

I am writing to you in asking you to pay a bill of VND 300,000 (three hundred thousand dong) for our magazine subscription

I would like to pay by check to our account The address of our bank is ………

and the name of the payee is ……… From your residental place, you can contact………

I would like to pay by check to our account The address of our bank is ……… and the name of the

payee is ……… You are living in District 7, so you can contact ……… I think it is more

convenient for you.

We look forward to hearing from you soon

Yours faithfully

Jonathan Smith

Editor in chief

3 Write a letter to a representative

Requesting information on how to pay a sum of $US 115 which your firm owes him for his expenses as a representative Your firm thinks it best to pay by cheque direct to his account in London Suggest this to him, but include alternatives as well

Viet tien company

14 Le Loi street District 1

Ho Chi Minh city

I am writing to you in requesting information on how to pay a sum of $ US 115 (one hundred fifteen US dollars), which we own you for your expenses as a representative.

We think it best to pay by direct check to your account in London

We have got your account number, however, please give us your confirmation

We suggest this, but there are various alternatives as well You can let us know which way is the most convenient for you

I look forward to hearing from you soon

A traveler's cheque is a preprinted, fixed-amount cheque designed to allow the person signing it to make an

unconditional payment to someone else as a result of having paid the issuer (usually a bank) for that privilege

As traveler's cheques can usually be replaced if lost or stolen, they are often used by people on vacation inplace of cash The use of credit card has, however, rendered them less important than they previously were;there are few places that do not accept credit cards but do traveler's cheques - in fact, nowadays, many places

do not accept the latter

Traveler's cheques are available in several currencies such as U.S dollars Pound Sterling, Japanese Yen,and Euro; denominations usually being 20, 50, or 100 of whatever currency, and are usually sold in pads offive or ten cheques, e.g., 5 x €20 for €100 Traveler's cheque do not expire, and unused cheques can be kept

by the purchaser as long as he wishes until 1 ready to spend the money The purchaser of a supply oftraveler's cheques effectively gives interest-free loan to the issuer, which is why it is common for banks to sellthem "commiss free" to their customers The commission, where it is charged, is usually 1% of the total facvalue sold The largest volume issuer of traveler's cheques is American Express, the first to develop theproduct in the late 19th century

Legal terms for the parties to a traveler's cheque are the obligor or issuer, the organization that produces it; the agent, the bank or other place that sells it; the purchaser, the natural person who buys it, and the payee,

the entity to whom the purchaser writes the cheque for goods and/or services For purposes of clearance, the

obligor is both maker and drawee.

Use and acceptance

Upon obtaining custody of a purchased supply of traveler's cheques, the purchaser should immediately write his signature once upon each cheque, usually on the cheque's upper portion The purchaser will also have received a receipt and some other documentation that should be kept in a safe place other than where he carries his cheques

When wanting to cash a traveler's cheque while making a purchase, the purchaser should, in the presence of the payee, date and countersign the cheque in the indicated space, usually on the cheque's lower portion (if at

a restaurant, it may be helpful to ask the waitperson to watch and wait for this to be done)

Applicable change for a purchase transaction should be given in local currency as if the cheques were

banknotes

Security concerns

It is a reasonable security procedure for the payee to ask to inspect the purchaser's picture i.d.; a driving licence or passport should suffice, and doing so would most usefully be towards the end of comparing the purchaser's signature on the i.d with those on the cheque The best first step, however, that can be taken by

any payee who has concerns about the validity of any traveler's cheque, is to contact the issuer directly; a

negative finding by a third-party check verification service based on an i.d check may merely indicate that the service has no record about the purchaser (to be expected, practically by definition, of many travelers), or at worst that he has been deemed incompetent to manage a personal checking account (which would have no bearing on the validity of a traveler's cheque)

Deposit and settlement

A payee receiving a traveler's cheque should follow its normal procedures with it for depositing checks into its bank account: usually, endorsement by stamp or signature and listing of the cheque and its amount on the deposit slip The bank account will be credited with the amount of the cheque as with any other negotiable itemsubmitted for clearance

In the United States, if the payee is equipped to process checks electronically at point of sale, they should still take custody of the cheque and submit it to a financial institution, particularly to avoid any confusion on the part of the purchaser

Where you are heading for will determine the currency your travellers' cheques should be in, but buying them

in sterling is often the best option as it will be cheaper for you to cash any leftover cheques back when you return to the UK However, euro travellers' cheques can be a good idea for use within the European union

If you are heading to remote areas or to developing countries, the currency exchange clerks may shake their heads at sterling travellers' cheques US dollar cheques are a safer bet, especially in areas like South

America, so do check before you travel

II Illustrations

Visa Travellers Cheques

Like a Visa card, Visa Travellers Cheques make excellent traveling companions The cheque are accepted at millions of financial institutions and merchants around the world and are ~ issued in the most popular

currencies, including U.S Dollars, Pound Sterling, euro, Japanese Yen, and Canadian Dollars In the U.S theycan be used as cash at retail locations, hotels and restaurants Outside the U.S they are usually exchanged for local currency at banks and foreign exchange bureaus, although, in some countries, large retailers and hotels may accept them as payment of goods or services To find out where you can cash your Visa Travellers Cheques, log onto www.cashmycheques.com , or call the relevant toll-free number listed on this site

As an added convenience, Dual-Signature Visa Travellers Cheques are available at selected locations Theseare cheques that carry the signatures of two persons as original holders, but can be used independently byeither of the holders

So the next time you travel, ask your financial institution for Visa Travellers Cheques They'] safe, secure, accepted around the world, and you can easily get a refund if your cheques are lost or stolen Note that you are expected to safeguard, without negligence, all cheques as a prudent person would safeguard a like amount of cash Certain restrictions apply which are contained within the purchase agreement

Where can I get Visa Travellers’ Cheques?

You can purchase Visa Travellers Cheques at thousands of financial institutions and other locations around theworld To find the location nearest you call the Visa Travellers Cheque Global Refund and Assistance Centre (numbers listed below)

What do I do if my Visa Travellers’ Cheques are lost or stolen?

Call the Visa Travellers Cheque Global Refund and Assistance Centre If you're traveling in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, or the U.S Virgin Islands, call toll-free 1-800-227-6811

Travellers’ Cheques Card

American Express® offers you the new Travellers Cheques Card - a great way to make your travelling life

easier It's a new, safe and convenient way to carry money abroad, with the security of travellers cheques and

the convenience of a payment card

Special offer

The Travellers Cheque Card normally costs £20, but for Nat West customers, it's just £15 And what's more, for Advantage Premier, Advantage Gold, Student and Graduate customers, it's FEE-FREE!

Key benefits

■ Security of travellers cheques with the convenience of a card

■ Prepaid and reloadable - no reload charges and funds never expire*

■ Balance returned if lost or stolen, usually within 24 hours

■ Accepted at millions of shops, restaurants and ATMs (where the American Express logo is displayed)

worldwide.** Use the ATM locator to find them.

■ 24/7 customer service and Travellers Cheque Card Replacement

■ Free Passport and Credit/Debit Card Replacement Assistance

■ Order up to 4 Cards so family and friends can carry money safely too

■ Available in euro or US dollar

In the UK, the American Express Travellers Cheque Card is issued by American Express Bank Ltd ("the Bank") The Bank is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority ("FSA") The Bank is entered

in the FSA's Register and its Register number is 124583 The FSA's Register can be accessed at

www.fsa.gov.uk/register The Bank's registered VAT number is GB - 760440746 American Express Bank

Ltd., 60 Buckingham Palace Road, London, SW1W 0RR (No.FC1863, BR301) Incorporated with Limited Liability in the State of Connecticut, USA and registered with the Secretary of State, Hartford, Connecticut, USA with its head office in New York, USA

You can appl y for Travellers Chueqiies on line b y using Acrobat Reader to fullfil the form

however, you can use your card to pay for a car rental or hotel room at the end of your rental or stay

* * * Calls may be recorded Lines open 9am-8pm weekdays and 9am-6pm weekends The maximum call charge from a BT landline is 3p per minute Calls from other networks may vary View full terms and

conditions

Travellers cheques availabl

eAustralian dollars: A$20, A$50, AS 100, AS200

Canadian dollars: C$20, C$50, C$100, C$500

Euros: €50, €100,_€200 (these can currendy be used in Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland Italy Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain)

Japanese yen: ¥10,000, ¥20,000, ¥50,000

Saudi Arabian rivals: SAR500, SAR1000

South-African rand:"R10Q,'R26o, R500 1* Swiss francs: SF50, SFI00, SF200; SF500-UKpounds:

commission Denominations Endorse

Guarantee Participate

Rate of exchange Subject to

A person who has a (1)……… account with a bank can obtain cash in other countries in various ways Themost common method is the purchase of travellers cheques He can also use his Eurocheques card asidentification to (2)……… his cheques Or he can (3)……… on his account in his own country, whichmeans that the cashier will have to telephone, email or fax his branch for confirmation He will have to (4)

……… the cheque, that is write his signature on the back Most the major banks in Europe (5)……… in theEurocheque scheme

When cashiers handle travelers cheques, they must (6)……… that the countersignature is the same

signature The holder must then present his passport as identification

.When the formalities are completed, the cashier can issue banknotes and coins to the customer, using the current (7)……… .to calculate how much to issue Travellers cheques have the advantages of convenience

and safety They can be issued in (8)……… of $10, $25, $50, $100 and $250, (9)……… exchange control regulations They must pay a small (10)……… , or service charge as it is called in the USA.

Part 2: Give 5 words whose –ed is pronounced the same as that in issued

A person who has a (1) Current account with a bank can obtain cash in other countries in various ways The

most common method is the purchase of travellers cheques He can also use his Eurocheques card asidentification to (2) draw his cheques Or he can (3)check on his account in his own country, which means thatthe cashier will have to telephone, email or fax his branch for confirmation He will have to (4) endorse thecheque, that is write his signature on the back Most the major banks in Europe (5) participate in theEurocheque scheme

When cashiers handle travelers cheques, they must (6) guarantee that the countersignature is the same as the signature The holder must then produce his passport as identification

.When the formalities are completed, the cashier can issue banknotes and coins to the customer, using the current (7) rate of exchange to calculate how much to issue Travellers cheques have the advantages of convenience and safety They can be issued in (8) denominations of $10, $25, $50, $100 and $250,

(9)subject to exchange control regulations They must pay a small (10) commissions, or service charge as it iscalled in the USA

A person who has a Current account with a bank can obtain cash in other countries in various ways The most

common method is the purchase of travellers cheques He can also use his Eurocheques card as identification

to draw his cheques Or he can check on his account in his own country, which means that the cashier willhave to telephone, email or fax his branch for confirmation He will have to endorse the cheque, that is writehis signature on the back Most the major banks in Europe participate in the Eurocheque scheme.ENDORSED

When cashiers handle travelers cheques, they must guarantee that the countersignature is the same as the

Travelers cheques Signature Correspond

The most common method of carrying money internationally is by using (1) They offer the (2) ofsafety and convenience They are safe because of the two signatures needed When you buy them, you sign

in the top left-hand corner, where it says " (3).When you changed them for cash in other country you usingagain in the presence of the cashier (you "cash" or "encash" them) This time you sign where it says

"countersignature" (bottom left) You also fill in the date of (4) (top right-hand corner) The cashier should

inspect the travelers cheques to see if the signature and countersignature ……(5)……

They are safe for another reason, also You can get a refund if you lose them They are (6) because you can use them almost anywhere You don't need to go to a bank to cash them (although many people do this) They are acceptable as payment in restaurants, hotels, airlines, shops and so on

IV Exercises

1 Write this dialogue between an English customer and an Italian cashier.

The English customer wants to know if he can use his cheque book to draw some cash He is not sure about

the procedure He has a credit card Remember a request for identification and the current exchange rate inthe dialogues is needed

Italian cashier: Good morning Can I help you?

English customer: Yes I want to know if I can use my cheque book to draw some cash.

Italian cashier: Yes, of course.

EC: Well I am not sure about the procedure but I have a credit card Can you tell me how I can use my

check book?

IC: ………

EC: Oh, it’s not very difficult to use checks Thank you for your help

IC: Not at all I hope that you can find your check book very useful

EC: Thank you very much again Good-bye

IC: Good-bye

2 Write a letter from a bank to a customer who has written to you asking for advice on travelers cheques.

The customer has never been abroad before, so it is necessary to write the minor details and information the

customer will need to have in a bank branch overseas

Thank you for your letter of 14 September in which you asked for advice on travelers cheques

As you know, because you have a (1) Current account with our bank, you can obtain cash in other countries in

various ways The most common method is the purchase of travellers cheques

You can also use your Eurocheques card as identification to (2) draw your cheques Or you can (3)check onyour account in your own country, which means that the cashier will have to telephone, email or fax yourbranch for confirmation You will have to (4)endorse the cheque, that is write your signature on the back Mostthe major banks in Europe (5)participate in the Eurocheque scheme

When cashiers handle travelers cheques, they must (6) guarantee that the countersignature is the same as the signature The holder must then produce your passport as identification

.When the formalities are completed, the cashier can issue banknotes and coins to the customer, using the current (7) rate of exchange to calculate how much to issue Travellers cheques have the advantages of convenience and safety They can be issued in (8) denominations of $10, $25, $50, $100 and $250,

(9)subject to exchange control regulations They must pay a small (10) commissions, or service charge as it iscalled in the USA

I think the information above is very useful for you in traveling abroad You need to bring your identification or Eurocheques card to present to a teller in a bank branch overseas

I think it is not difficult to use checks I hope that you can find your check book very useful

Yours sincerely,

Gulliver's travellers cheques

Unit 4: Letter of Credit

I Understanding

(It is) A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase

Often used in international transactions to ensure that payment will be received Due to the nature of

international dealings such as distance, differing laws in each country, and difficulty in knowing each party personally the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade The bank also acts on behalf of the buyer (holder of letter of credit) where the supplier will not be paid until the supplier confirms to the bank that the goods have been shipped.

A letter of credit, also referred to as an LOC or LC, is a document issued by a financial institution which essentially acts as an irrevocable guarantee of payment to a beneficiary This means that if the applicant obtaining the LC fails to perform its obligations, the bank pays The LC can also be the source of payment for a transaction, meaning that an exporter will get paid by redeeming the letter of credit Letters of credit are used, nowadays, almost exclusively in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a wholesale customer in another The parties to a letter of credit are usually an applicant who wants to send money, a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom

the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros/ gyros and travellers cheques

• Acme goes to Commonwealth Financial and requests a £500,000 letter of credit, with BeijingComputers as the beneficiary

• Commonwealth Financial can issue an LC either on approval of a standard loan underwriting process,

or by Acme funding it directly with a deposit of £500,000 plus fees between 1% and 8%

• Commonwealth Financial sends a copy of the LC to Shanghai Business Bank, which notifies BeijingComputers that payment is ready and they can ship the merchandise Acme ordered with full assurance ofpayment

• On presentation of the stipulated documents in the letter of credit and compliance with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, Commonwealth Financial transfers the £500,000 to Shanghai Business Bank, which then credits the account of Beijing Computers by that amount

• Note that banks deal only with documents under the letter of credit and not the underlying transaction

If the stipulated documents are presented and the terms and conditions of the letter of credit are met, then the issuing bank is obliged to pay under the letter of credit, even if the underlying transaction is not fulfilled

Also the bank is not required to pay if the stipulated documents are not presented or the terms and conditions

of the letter of credit are not met, even if the underlying transaction was fulfilled

Other information

Various conditions can be placed on a letter of credit, such as to pay parts of the sum on shipment and/or arrival, or for it to be used simply as a guarantee to obtain payment on an unpaid invoice, or for a revolving credit line where there are regular shipments from a supplier to a customer

Some letters of credit provide funding by means of drafts issued with the original, which operate like cheques

A beneficiary presented with an LC draft who has questions about it should contact the issuing bank

The issuance and enforcement of letters of credit are normally subject to publications of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) such as UCP, eUCP, ISP 98 or ISBP; however, a letter of credit may state the conditions that govern its enforcement, including Article 5 of the Commercial Code (typically used in the United States); but the extensive use of LC’s in international transactions mandates that one contemplating becoming a party to a transaction involving one be familiar with the laws of other countries which may have jurisdiction over a dispute.

The current ICC publications cover the following types of transactions

• UCP - Commercial letters of credit (The most current publication is the UCP 500, however letters of credit can be subject to this publication or earlier publications if so noted in the letter of credit.)

• e-UCP - Commercial letters of credit that allow for electronic presentations

• ISP 98 - Standby letters of credit (The UCP may also be used for standby letters of credit, but these practices are not as well suited for a standby letter of credit situation)

• ISBP - This is actually a supplement to the UCP which attempts to standardize banking practices worldwide

1 Importer applies for letter of credit.

2 Opening bank sends LC through correspondent or branch which advises exporter of receipt of LC.

3 Exporter sends goods and documents to freight forwarder

4 Freight forwarder dispatches merchandise and provides documents to the advising bank.

5 Advising bank forwards documents to negotiating bank which checks documents against LC, and authorizes

payment if no discrepancies are found

6 The importer's account is debited Importer's bank gives him the documents with which he can claim the

II Reading

If you are involved in import/export, then you have probably come across the term L/C (letter of credit)

Although L/Cs can vary in type, this article will specifically discuss the commercial documentary letter of credit used for business transactions This particular type of L/C is payable upon the presentation of specific

documents

An L/C can be thought of as a letter from an importer's bank informing an exporter that they will be paid for a shipment upon presentation of the specified documentation All communication takes place within banking channels and documentation must not contain discrepancies

For example, if you wanted to import a shipment of clothing and the seller (exporter) hi asked for an L/C If youaccept the exporter's terms you will need to apply for an L/C from your bank in favor of the seller L/C's usually state a time period and manner in which the exporter must provide documentary proof that they have shipped the goods Other obligations may also be included

Obtaining an L/C is not as simple as just asking for one As your bank is pledging to pay the exporter on yourbehalf, you will be required by your bank to demonstrate that they will be able to recover their funds from you.Once it has agreed to open an L/C, the opening bank (the importer's bank) will transmit the L/C to its branch orcorrespondent (the advising bank) closest to the exporter The advising bank will notify the exporter that credit has been established in their name on they have received the L/C

Exporters should make sure that they are capable of meeting the terms and conditions i an L/C upon receiving

it This is very important, as if the shipment does not match that described in the L/C; payment will in most cases be delayed until the discrepancy has been resolved

After shipment and presentation of the necessary documentation to the advising bank, no discrepancies are found, the exporter is due payment The paying bank could be the advising bank and thus the exporter can receive payment very quickly If the opening bank is the paying bank, payment may take a few days Both importers and exporters may request that the paying bank be in their country as they are looking to the L/C toprotect their interests

Importers can ask for any legal terms to be included within and L/C and exporters mu provide documentaryevidence to prove that such terms have been met As most L/C; are irrevocable, once an L/C has beenopened and advisement has been made, they ca be altered or cancelled with the consent of the exporter

On the occasion where an exporter doubts the solvency of an opening bank, they can request to have the L/C confirmed by the advising bank This means that if the opening bank is responsible for making payment and cannot do so, the confirming bank will pay For a cost of approximately 1% of the cost of the L/C an exporter receives a fair amount of added assurance

• Opened by a party wishing to import

• Communicated through banking channels

• Paid by the opening bank within a specified timeframe upon presentation of stipulated documentation

The cost of an L/C to an importer is often a fixed fee plus a percentage or a percentage with a minimum commission Additionally, exporters will be required to pay a variety of costs Where an L/C is not payable on

sight, costs increase This is also the case where more than two banks are involved, exporters request

confirmation of credit and when discrepancies are found within the documentation or additions/changes to the L/C are necessary.

III Vocabulary

Put the verbs in the brackets into the correcto passive form

A bank (instruct) by its clients when Letter of Credit (issue) Details of time, place and currency (include).Normally the currency of the exporter's country (use) for payment

Details of insurance and freight (agree) between importer and exporter The Letter of Credit (confirm) when the agent bank in the exporter's country agrees to pay the amount which (state) on the Letter of Credit.

The exporter's Bill of Exchange (submit) against the credit, and this draft (accept) by the agent bank In this

way credit (give) to the importers, and the exporter's draft (discount) for cash if necessary

Insert the correct words in the appropriate spaces in the passage below

Bill of Exchange Confirmed Documentary Irrevocable Valid

An L/C [a letter of credit] is a very important (1) Document in international trade It is safe and convenient for the seller, who is sure to receive (2) Payment It is also helpful to the buyer, because the seller must (3) Carry out his instructions

The buyer asks his bank to (4) Issue the L/C The bank writes to its (5) Agent, or correspondent bank in the seller's country The L/C will ask the seller to hand in the Bill of Lading, copies of the Commercial Invoice, and the Insurance Certificate to the agent bank An L/C which demands this is called a (6) Documentary L/C

In addition, the seller will ask for an (7)irrevocable.L/C, which means that the buyer cannot change his mindand (8) cancel.the credit When the agent bank accepts responsibility for the credit, the L/C is(9)confirmed.The bank will usually accept a (10) Bill of Exchange, or draft, from the seller This document willallow the buyer 30,60, or 90 days before he must pay the seller The usual (11)abbreviation for the period (thenumber of days) is d/s

In this way the L/C can be form of (12)credit for the buyer, and a safe method of obtaining payment for the seller, who can (13)draw on the credit in the agent bank The seller should always present the draft while the credit is (13) valid, however If he doesn't do this, the credit may be unavailable, or out of date

For these and many other reasons in the L/C is an essential document in international (15)finance

An L/C is a very important (1)…… in international trade It is safe and convenient for the seller, who is sure

to receive (2)…… It is also helpful to the buyer, because the seller must (3)…… his instructions

The buyer asks his bank to (4)…… the L/C The bank writes to its (5)…… , or correspondent bank in the seller's country The L/C will ask the seller to hand the Bill of Lading, copies of the Commercial Invoice, and theInsurance Certificate to the agent bank An L/C which demands this is called a (6)………… L/C.

In addition, the seller will ask for an (7)…… L/C, which means that the buyer cannot change his mind and (8)

…… the credit When the agent bank accepts responsibility for the credit, the L/C is (9)…… The bank willusually accept a (10)…… , or draft, from the seller This document will allow the buyer 30,60, or 90 daysbefore he must pay the seller The usual (11)…… for the period (the number of days) is d/s

In this way the L/C can be form of (12)…… for the buyer, and a safe method of obtaining payment for the seller, who can (13)…… on the credit in the agent bank The seller should always present the draft while the credit is (14)………… however If he doesn't do this, the credit may be unavailable, or out of date

For these and many other reasons in the L/C is an essential document in international (15)……

IV Exercises

1 Write a letter to inform your suppliers that your bank has opened an L/C for them.

The L/C is to cover a consignment of 250 men's jackets The order No is 57381 Your bank is the General

Commercial Bank The amount for $8000 Your agent bank is the Merchant Bank in London They will confirm the credit, but they demand the shipping documents They will accept a draft for 90d/s.

2 Write a letter to your bank instructing them to open the credit described in exercise 1

The L/C is to cover a consignment of 250 men's jackets The order No is 57381 Your bank is the General

Commercial Bank The amount for $8000 Your agent bank is the Merchant Bank in London They will confirm the credit, but they demand the shipping documents They will accept a draft for 90d/s.

Dear Mrs Bush,

I am writing to open the credit covering a consignment of 250 men's jackets The order No is 57381 The correspondant bank is the General Commercial Bank The amount for $8000 Your agent bank is the Merchant Bank in London They will confirm the credit, but they demand the shipping documents They will accept a draft

for 90d/s

I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible

Yours sincerely,

3 Write a letter to inform an English supplier that your bank has opened an L/C - for them Choose

suitable consignment, bank, agent, and Bill of Exchange conditions

PART 1: Why do you choose that name for your group?

PART 2: Translated Text

PART 3: Key answers to the exercises

U n i t 5 : Invoice

- Invoice is a commercial document issued

by a seller to a buyer, indicating the

products, quantities and agreed prices for

products or services that the Seller has

already provided the Buyer with An Invoice

indicates that, unless paid in advance,

payment is due by the Buyer to the Seller,

according to the agreed terms

- The Invoice usually contains: PO #, Date,

Billing Address, Shipping Address, Terms of

Payment, List of products with quantities

and prices Invoices are often called Bills

-If the buyer returns the product, the seller

usually issues a Credit Memo for the same

or lower amount than the invoice, and then

refunds the money to the buyer

-Invoices for hourly services work (such as

by lawyers and consultants) often pull data

from a timesheet

-The term invoicing is also used to refer to

the act of delivering the baggage to a flight

company in the airport before taking the

flight

Hóa đơn là chứng từ thương mại do bênbán phát hành gởi cho bên mua, trong đóghi rõ tên sản phẩm, số lượng và giá cả do

2 bên thỏa thuận mà bên bán cung cấp chobên mua kèm theo hợp đồng ghi rõ trừ khi

đã được thanh toán trước, thường ngườimua thanh toán chậm cho bên bán theo cácđiều kiện của hợp đồng đã ký

Hóa đơn gồm có: số hộp thư, ngày lập Hóađơn, địa chỉ lập hóa đơn, địa chỉ địa chỉ giaohàng, phương thức giao hàng, danh mụcsản phẩm với số lượng và giá cả Hóa đơnthường được gọi là Bills

-Nếu người mua trả lại sản phẩm, ngườibấn thường phát hành phiếu báo Có cho 1

số lượng giống y hay ít hơn hóa đơn và sau

đó trả lại tiền

Hóa đơn là 1 dich vụ hàng giờ (chẳng hạnbởi Luật sư và cố vấn) rút bỏ đi số liệu theolịch làm việc

Thuật ngữ Xuất hóa đơn cũng được sửdụng ám chỉ đến hành đông giao hành lýcho 1 công ty bay tại phi trường trướcchúng ta lên máy bay

A

sample of Commercial Invoice

Exporter:……… Date:……….……… PO Number:………

Order Number:……….…… Terms:………

Ultimate Consignee:………… Commercial Invoice Number:………… Pro-forma Invoice Number:………… Consignee Phone Number: ………… Customer Account Number: ………… Intermediate Consignee:…… Exporting Carrier: ……… Loading Pier/ Terminal: ……… Point of Origin (FTZ No.): ……… Ultimate Destination: ………

Letters accompany invoices

1 The invoice as a statement, when the buyer has an open account with the seller.

Date: 2 nd April 2004

Dear Sir,

We enclose a statement for the quarterly invoices up to the end of March 2004 Any payment sent

by you which has not reached us will form a credit entry for the next quarter The balance is $450.

The standard 5% discount will be deducted if payment is made before the end of this month Please check the entries and if you cannot pay $450.- in settlement of this account, kindly carry forward the balance to the next quarterly account.

Your faithfully,

(Dịch)

Order from customer

Accounts Department Packing Department Dispatch Department Files

Ngày: 2 tháng 4 2004

Thưa ngài,

Chúng tôi kèm theo đây Phiếu báo số dư cho các hóa đơn trong quý tính đến cuối tháng 3 năm

2004 Thanh toán gởi đến chúng tôi chưa nhận được khi thực hiện thông báo này sẽ được ghi Cócho quý tới Như vậy số dư hiện có của quý ông là 450 Đô la

Nếu quý ông thanh toán số dư nợ vừa nói trước vào cuối tháng này, theo như thông lệ chúng tôi sẽkhấu trừ khoản chiết khẩu 5% cho quý Ngài

Xin vui lòng kiểm tra lại các mục mà chúng tôi đã ghi trong phiếu báo, và nếu quý ông khôngthanh toán 450 đô, xin vui lòng chuyển khoản nợ này sang quý sau cũng được

There appears to be a mistake in your invoice (No 12345) sent to us on the 10th July.

According to your latest price list the wholesale price of the S4 folding chairs which you sent us was $12.50each, but you have invoice them as $15.50

Kindly inform us as soon as possible of the correct price, as we must begin to sell them soon

Yours faithfully,

■=> A reply

Date 2nd August, 2004 Dear Sirs,

Thank you very much for your letter of the 22nd July, in which you queried the price v\ stated on the invoice for S4 folding chairs

We regret the inconvenience and apologise for the error

We quoted you the price for our larger type S4 chairs on the invoice

We have checked this against our copy of the invoice in the Accounting Department

We enclose a credit note for the difference in price, and we shall credit the amount to the next quarterly

statement

Yours faithfully,

III Reading

Better Invoices for Better Business

from Kevin Potts

What your invoice should include

Invoices are a critical component of every business They serve as a bill of services, closure for projects, alegal paper trail and an opportunity to strengthen the rapport between you and your customer

Invoices that obfuscate information, incorrectly state terms or arrive incomplete can be a massive headache for all parties These mistakes will only delay the payment process, so it is critical you produce invoices that clearly deliver information your client (or their accounts payable department) will need Strategic timing and attractive presentation are also important, as they can help "soften the blow" by making your invoice seem lesslike a stale demand for money and more like a friendly letter

Invoice Contents

Invoices have many small bits of important information They should always contain the following:

1 The word "invoice." Obvious enough, but don't let the client mistake it for anything other than a bill that needs to be paid Make it big and bold and put it at the top of the page

2 Your Employer Identification Number (EIN), or Social Security Number if you do not have an EIN This

is important come tax time, when the client starts putting together W-2s

3 Similar to the EIN, some clients may assign outside contractors a unique Vendor ID This practice is usually found in larger companies If you have been given one_be sure it appears conspicuously

4 Names and addresses of both client and contractor Make a clear distinction between the "to" party and the "from" party

5 Date everything Date the invoice (the day it goes out, not the day you write it), and list the dates of when items on the invoice were completed In the terms, list the due date and penalty dates If something evergoes to small claims court, the judge will look favorably on your scrupulous attention to detail.

6 A clear, itemized list of services rendered Descriptions should be short and to the point, and all delivery dates indicated Next to each item, list the hourly rate, hours worked and subtotal amount

7 The total amount owed On the bottom, labeled explicitly, bolded if needed

8 The terms of the invoice At the very least, this should include when the invoice is due; for instance, if you expect payment within thirty days (fairly standard), simply put "30 Days." (You could also put "15 Days" or even "Immediate" if you don't particularly like the client.)

Setting Your Terms

The terms section of an invoice can be as simple or complex as you would like, dependent on your billingstandards You might offer a 1-2% discount for invoices paid within 15 days similarly, you might penalize latepayments The amount is up to you If you do set term: beyond 30 days, spell out exactly what the penalty will

be for each level of delinquency, instance, say you bill a client for $1,000 The bottom of your invoice may looklike this:

Payment Time: 15 Days 30 Days 60 Days

E-mailed invoices (PDF format is the best) often work better for regular monthly billings ongoing creative(similar to an advertising agency) or maintenance fees (like regular web updates)

Personalize the invoice with a small note A quick "thank you" is often appropriate and appreciated, and makesyour business seem less like a faceless corporate billing machine

Designing & sending your invoice Timing

There is a certain strategy in the timing of an invoice delivery For down payments, the fi invoice should be in

the client's hands immediately after the contract is signed For miles points and the final deliverable, invoices should be sent within 48 hours, while your fantastic work is still fresh in their mind Never send an invoice

prematurely, unless it is explicitly agreed upon between you and your client No one wants to pay forunfinished work

Instead of attaching invoices to the actual deliverables, exercise courtesy by creating a wholly separatecommuniqué Your invoice will be more impressionable (and therefore remember and acted upon) sent alonerather than buried in other documents and files

Avoid having your invoice arrive on a Friday No one wants to see that before heading to the beach, and it will

be long forgotten by Monday If you're e-mailing the invoice, do it in the morning when the person is more likely

to be working, and when they will be more inspired to act on it

Most freelancers and small companies use accounting software, which may or may not give you control over the design If yours does, or if you draft your own invoices from scratch, try to escape the stale corporate output of QuickBooks and family by adjusting colors and fonts to reflect your personal brand At the very least, get your logo on there

Above all, ensure the information is clear and readable Your client may appreciate your refined design sensibilities, but the accounts payable department just wants to find the big number at the bottom

Business Management Tip

From Susan Ward

Avoid Collection Problems with Action Invoices

Having the money you're owed sitting in someone else's bank account can seriously interfere with your business' cash flow If many of the clients or customers you invoice are slow payers, maybe it's time to look at your invoices; they could be contributing to your collections problem

Does the invoice you're sending out encourage action or inaction? For example, many invoices are simply marked, "Payable upon receipt" Invoices so labeled are saying to your customers or clients, "Pay me when it'sconvenient for you," instead of "Pay me now." Those inclined to be slow payers will find the built-in excuse especially convenient; we've all heard the line "The cheque's in the mail!"

Worse, some invoices have boxes such as "current", "30 days", "60 days", "90 days", and "over 90 days" that broadcast the aging of the account that's due Using an invoice that's formatted this way is also broadcasting

to those inclined to be slow payers that you're willing to serve as a creditor; there's no reason to pay you right away

Instead of using invoices that encourage inaction, use invoices that encourage prompt payment All of the invoices you send out should state a specific date of payment, such as "Due on November 30, 2001", rather than "Payable upon receipt", or "Due in 30 days" People are much more likely to pay attention to a specific payment date, and you eliminate the possibility of misunderstanding or loose interpretation

You can also encourage prompt payment of invoices by offering an incentive to pay on time Many businesses,for instance, offer a small discount for paying within 10 days of an invoice date A discount of two per cent forpayment within ten days is common

Don't let your invoices contribute to collections problems and make your prompt payers fee if they're being unfairly treated Using invoices that state specific dates that payment is expected and offer an incentive to pay promptly encourages action - and will help get the money you're owed flowing into your bank account

IV Exercises

1 Write a letter enclosing a Pro-forma Invoice to an English buyer The buyer wants to order 200 electriccookers, each costing $165 There is a discount of 5% for the other over $20,000 The buyer wants to knowthe cost of freight and insurance

Dear Ms Catherine,

Thank you for your letter dated 26 September inquiring about our electric cookers

I am enclosing a Pro-forma Invoice for your reference As you can see unit price is $165 However there is adiscount of 5% for the other over $20,000 Thus our price seems to be very competitive while quality issuperior

As for the cost of freight and insurance, I provide you with the quotations of Vinaship Co and Bao VietInsurance Company Freight from New Port, HCMC Vietnam to London costs according to the level of cargo.The same also happens to insurance policy I will not tell you the exact numbers until you place a trial order

We are very pleased to serve you and hope that our business relationship will be strengthened

We look forward to your order

Yours sincerely,

2 Write a letter accompanying a quarterly invoice which is made out in the form of statement The buyer has paid $275 since your last correspondence Inform him of latest entries in his statement, the balance which must be paid, and the cash discount he pays within a certain period

Dear Ms Catherine,

Thank you for your letter dated 16 September informing us of your payment

I am enclosing a quarterly invoice which is made out in the form of statement You have paid $275 since your last correspondence so I would like to inform you of latest entries in this statement: the balance which must be paid is $735.00 (seven hundred thirty five US dollars only) Also, the cash discount you pays within 90 days is US$ 90.015 (ninety dollars zero one five)

It is based on our filing in the computer If there is any doubtful figure, could you let us know immediately?

We look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible

to their destination

Bills of lading, whether inland or ocean, can be issued in either non-negotiable (straight) form or in negotiable form If the bill of lading is specified as being non-negotiable, the transportation carrier must deliver it only to the consignee named in the bill of lading Thus the bill of lading acts both as a receipt of goods and as an agreement to transport these goods to a specific destination and consignee in return for payment of the transportation charges If the bill of lading is specifically labeled as being negotiable, ownership to the goods and the right to reroute the shipment are with the person who has ownership of the bill of lading properly

issued or negotiated to it Such bills of lading are issued to shipper's order, rather than to a specific, named consignee

Where collection and payment is through banking channels, such as under a letter of credit or documentary collection, negotiable bills of lading are required (except for air shipments) Khi nào thanh toán và thu ngân phải thông qua các kênh ngân hàng, chẳng hạn như theo phương thức L/C hay thu ngân chứng từ, chúng ta cần phải có vận đơn chuyển nhượng (ngoại trừ không vận đơn).The exporter must endorse the bill of lading and deliver it to the bank in order to receive payment Nhà nhập khẩuphải ký hậu vận đơn và giao cho ngân hàng nhận thanh toán

There are four types of bills of lading: inland, ocean, through, and air waybill

Inland Bill of Lading - this is a contract between a shipper and transportation company used when transporting goods overland to an exporter's international carrier Vận đơn trong nước – đây là hợp đồng giữa người gửi hàng và công ty vận chuyển sử dụng để vận chuyển hàng trong nước đến giao cho một công ty vận chuyển quốc tế của nhà xuất khẩu

Ocean Bill of Lading- this is a contract between an exporter and an international carrier for transport ofmerchandise to a specified foreign market overseas Vận đơn tàu biển - đây là hợp đồng giữa nhàxuất khẩu và công ty quốc tế vận chuyển hàng đến một thị trường ngoài nước

Through Bill of Lading - A document that establishes the terms between a shipper and a transportationcompany covering both the domestic and international transport of export goods between specified points for aspecified charge Vận đơn suốt – chứng từ này xác lập các điều kiện giữa người gửi hàng vàmột công ty chịu trách nhiệm vận chuyển hàng xuất khẩu giữa hai địa điểm bao gồm trongnước và quốc tế theo yêu cầu và tính chi phí tổng hợp

For example, an air shipment can be covered with a through bill of lading; however, ocean shipments require both an inland bill of lading (for domestic transport) and an ocean bill of lading (for international transport) Air Waybill - An airway bill is a bill of lading which covers both domestic and international flights transporting goods to a specified destination It establishes the terms between a shipper and an air transportation companyfor the transport of goods Included in the document are the conditions, limitations of liability, shipping

instructions, description of commodity, and applicable transportation charges In addition, the air waybill is a non-negotiable document which serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted thegoods listed and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions

See sample B/L below:

Ocean Bill of Lading Exporter (Name and Address including ZIP code: Document Number: Booking Number:

……… ……… ……….

……… Export references:

Consigned to: Forwarding Agent (Name and Address)

……… ………

Notify Party Point (State) of Origin or FTZ Number

……… Domestic Routing Instructions

Pre-carriage by Place of Receipt By Pre-Carrier

Exporting Carrier Port Loading Export

Foreign Port of Unloading Place of Delivery By On-Carrier Type of Move

Measurement