THE PHYSICS OF MODERN BRACHYTHERAPY FOR ONCOLOGY docx

[...]... a half-life of 55.6 sec Rutherford, by measuring current with time, showed that the 4 The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology curve of the rise of the current intersected the curve of the decay of the current at the time equal to the half-life Furthermore, he reported that if all the emanation from a layer of thorium oxide is removed by a current of air, it builds up again with the same half-period... at the end of the 19th century ¨ntgen,7,8 radioactivity by Becquerel,9 were, of course, those of x-rays by Ro 10 and radium by the Curies Also, between the discoveries of radioactivity and radium, there occurred the discoveries of thorium by Schmidt11 and of polonium by the Curies.12 These set the scene for the work of Rutherford and for leading to the nuclear transformation theory of Rutherford and... is a member of the German Association of Medical Physics (DGMP), of the German Association for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO), of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO), and of the Hellenic Society for Radiation Oncology (HSRO) Since 2000, he has been the Chairman of the Task Group on 3D Treatment Planning in Brachytherapy of the German Association for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)... depends on 6 The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology the closeness of approach to the nucleus From the data of scattering of a-particles then available, it was deduced that the resultant charge on the nucleus was about ð1=2ÞAe, where A is the atomic weight and e the fundamental unit of charge Geiger and Marsden32,33 made an elaborate series of experiments to test the correctness of the theory,... performed: one of the earliest self-exposure studies being by Pierre Curie working with Henri Becquerel in 1901.6 This first chapter in The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology therefore looks back to some of the physics discoveries, concepts, and ideas that have formed the foundations of today’s modern brachytherapy practice 1.2 Discoveries The three seminal discoveries that occurred at the. .. between the a-particle and the nucleus varied according to the inverse square law in the region close to the nucleus, the writer worked out the relations connecting the number of a-particles scattered through any angle with the charge on the nucleus and the energy of the a-particle Under the central field of force, the a-particle describes a hyperbolic orbit round the nucleus, and the magnitude of the deflection... 2001 he has been a member of the Steering Committee of the German Association for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO), where for the period of 2003 to 2005 he was President Since 1996, he has been a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Journal Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics Contents Chapter 1 The Early History of Brachytherapy Physics 1 1.1 Introduction... Ser 5, 43, 241– 255, 1897 Rutherford, E The velocity and rate of recombination of the ions of gases ¨ exposed to Rontgen radiation, Philos Mag Ser 5, 44, 422– 440, 1897 Rutherford, E The discharge of electrification by ultraviolet light, Proc Cambridge Philos Soc., 9, 401– 416, 1898 12 The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology 19 Rutherford, E Uranium radiation and the electrical conduction produced... use of the butter phantom72 10 The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology was that by sectioning the butter the bleaching of its color by the radium gamma-rays would effectively produce isodose curves Dosimetry systems were also developed for intracavitary gynecological applications for either the cervix uteri73 or the corpus uteri, the endometrium.74 For the cervix the Christie Hospital, Manchester... Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO), of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and of the Greek Association of Physicists in Medicine (EFIE) Since 2000, he has been the Chairman of the Task Group on Afterloading Dosimetry of the German Association of Medical Physics (DGMP) Since 2004, he has been a member of the Medical Physics Experts Group for Reference Dosimetry Data of Brachytherapy Sources . amemberofthe German AssociationofMedical Physics (DGMP),ofthe German Association for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO), of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO), and of the. Data of Brachytherapy Sources (BRAPHYQS group of ESTRO) and since 2005, a memberofthe Scientific Advisory Board of the Journal Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, JournalofRadiation Oncology Biology Physics. Dr.LoukasSakelliou. the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology N Zamboglou Klinikum Offenbach, Germany L Sakelliou University of Athens, Greece CRC Press Taylor