Nanoscale Assembly Chemical Techniques doc

[...]... accessibility of ‘everyday’ polymers, and combine these with nanolithographic techniques as well as self -assembly and selforganization Instead of synthesizing and assembling polymers in solution, where there are very few methods of producing anything but spherical nanostructures, surface chemistry and topography can be used to induce nanoscale assembly and organization into (functional) nanostructures 2.2 PHASE... However, each complex is an assembly of a dozen proteins, bringing together and precisely positioning hundreds of co-factors (chlorophyll) An equally impressive example of cellular machinery based on macromolecules is the ribosome complex, where RNA read-out and protein synthesis take place (Figure 2.1).2 It is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss the exact mechanisms of assembly and function, but... beyond the chemical structure of proteins and DNA, it becomes clear that their intricate interactions with other macromolecules form the core of their functionality In DNA, this is evident in the formation of the double helix through H-bonding, whereas in proteins, numerous examples of functional macromolecular assemblies exist A particularly impressive example of such a macromolecular assembly is... resolution (grey: RNA, blue: proteins) (reproduced with permission from reference).2 biomolecular nanomotor F1–adenosine triphosphate synthase (F1-ATPase) and integrating this biomolecule into an inorganic nanoscale system, they demonstrated the feasibility of building a nanomechanical device powered by a biomolecular motor Proteins have some obvious drawbacks They cannot be designed de novo, the stability... [41] replication of a larger number of structure widths and the simultaneous replication of more than two different materials 1.4 CONCLUSIONS In recent years, an ever increasing number of lithographic techniques have emerged to complement optical lithography, which is still the work horse for practically all pattern replication processes These developments are driven not only by the need for methods... polymers used in our study (for structures see Figure 2.3, below) consisted of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene), F8, and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole), F8BT, which are known to make FIGURE 2.3 Top: Chemical structures of the semiconducting polymers F8 and F8BT Bottom: Fluorescence microscopy images using different filters, showing F8 emission on the hydrophobic dots (left) and green emission from... morphology extends over the entire patterned area and is not confined to localised regions of the film As discussed above, smaller patterns would not lead to smaller phase separated domains However, the nanoscale order in these films only becomes apparent when investigating the surface topography of the 2-D patterned film using tapping-mode AFM (Figure 2.4) The image indicates that the PFO-rich domains .