Research the impact of students’ use of youtube as a learning platform during covid based on sem

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS RESEARCH RESEARCH THE IMPACT OF STUDENTS’ USE OF

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

BUSINESS RESEARCH

RESEARCH THE IMPACT OF STUDENTS’ USE OF YOUTUBE

AS A LEARNING PLATFORM DURING COVID BASED ON SEM

Student’s name: Tran Ngoc Xuan Mai

ID Number: 20DH121305 Course: K26

Instructor: Mrs Phan Cong Thao Tien

HCMC, 12 / 2022

IL REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT - 3 2.1 Previous Sfudies - Là Sàn HH TH TH nh TH HT HE 3 2.L1 Overview Of the SCÍOF: HH HH TH HH HT TT TH TH TH GE 3 2.12 Theory Technology Accepfance /MÍOđ©Ï - nà Hành 5 2.2 Hypotheses deveÌopIm€n( -. nà HH HH TH HH nh HH KHE 6 2.3 Conceptual EramaeewOr Làn HH HH HH nh TH TH KT EEH 8

HA 1) 190.0 109.0)9) 090 c1 9 3.1 Theoretical FrameworÌk LH HH HH TH TH HH 9 3.2 Participants

3.3 The survey questionnaire

3.4 Questfionnaire síructures and data anaÌÏySÌS 5 1n HH ve 12

IV DATAANALYSIS AND RESULTS 12 4.1 Demographic distribution of respond€nfs cà cành 12 15 4.3 SEM resullts Là Sàn HH HH HH HH HH Tư HT TH HH HH TH 16 VN! L00)0)Ẽ/9)01099)6 900.109) 0 18 53.1 Discussion Sàn HH HH HH TH TT HH Tư 18 53.2 ConcÌusion Sàn HH HH HH TH TH HH HH TH HH Thư 19

2:22 5000858 a 20

RESEARCH THE IMPACT OF STUDENTS’ USE OF YOUTUBE AS A LEARNING PLATFORM DURING COVID BASED ON SEM

on structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis The proposed model offers several theoretical reasons for the influence of Internet service variables on the desire to use eLearning The results are in line with previous studies showing that users’ performance and effort expectations play a major role in determining their behavioural Intentions to use eLearning In particular, in Ho Chi Minh City, the study aided the introduction of YouTube into the academic community Respondents indicated an openness to using and adapting to the new technology UTAUT and TAM frameworks were then used to present and debate the results This study's results are anticipated to have a significant positive impact on Vietnam's learning and education industry

I, INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background to the study

The global spread of COVID-19 has disastrous health consequences Universities and colleges have opted to provide online education during the COVID-19 pandemic Consequently, governments have implemented similarly stringent measures, such as significant social isolation through the use of the closure of businesses and other social indicators, including educational institutions (Almanthari et al., 2020) Most schools, such as those in Vietnam, have limits on the use of traditional, in-person teaching techniques (UNESCO, 2020) As a result, eLearning systems have been created to aid local governments in their pursuit of educational goals (El Refae et al., 2021; Nikdel Teymori and Fardin, 2020) These restrictions modify the eLearning experience and

1

provide both challenges and prospects for many academic institutions These have embraced online learning using state-of-the-art technologies and media like YouTube and TeacherTube.com to guarantee the distribution of educational resources and services (Widodo et al., 2021)

L2 Problem Statement

Although Covid-19 affected both the commercial and public sectors throughout the world, the advent and dominance of web-based platforms gave Cerna and Borkovcova (2020) reason to be hopeful Numerous online communities are dedicated to helping their members, particularly younger people, take on challenges related to learning YouTube is therefore one of the largest online resources for information, entertainment, and education (Welbourne and Grant, 2015) Kaya et al argued that YouTube may be beneficial for patients, medical students, and healthcare professionals YouTube, according to Yaacob and Saad (2020), offers users both free and paid options Free memberships are being offered by schools so that students may continue their education even if schools close and as a result of the isolation that results from this Recent research suggests that integrating YouTube with transformational pedagogy will open students’ eyes to the limitless potential of the web (Jackman, 2019) Better topic comprehension, abstract imagery, course interest, and rational reasoning are just some of the possible benefits (Balbay and Kilis, 2017; June

et al., 2014) Others have highlighted a variety of factors, such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, that impact users' adoption of online systems for eLearning Even though the fact that educational content on YouTube has been explored in the literature, surprisingly little is known about the elements that influence eLearning uptake among YouTube users, especially users' behavioural goals

1.3 Objectives of the study

The goal of e-learning is not to replace face-to-face classroom instruction, but rather to supplement it by opening up additional channels of communication and collaboration between students and teachers Acceptance of online courses among YouTube users is

an area where possibly not enough empirical study has been conducted Our research suggests that YouTube, as another of the factors affecting eLearning acceptance, might

2

play an important part in long-term eLearning as a means of filling these gaps In this research, we leverage participants’ stated intentions to examine their actual behaviour concerning eLearning adoption at their respective universities We used YouTube videos during Covid to learn more about the factors that contribute to this kind of impact When these factors are understood, the behaviour-intentional components that will lead to eLearning's eventual widespread adoption may be better understood Consequently, this study aids in a better understanding of how YouTube might be used

in e-learning

1.4, Research question

The following research question is posed:

What variables influence the decision to study online using YouTube for the greatest results? What variables are related to the usage of YouTube for learning during the Covid-19 pandemic?

1.5 Significance of the study

This study examines the performance and effort expectations of college students as a proxy for their behavioural intentions towards the adoption of eLearning We utilized Covid-era YouTube videos as an example of the elements at play in this kind of impact Adopting e-understanding as a sustainable paradigm in the future may depend

on understanding such behavioural intention elements Furthermore, this study aids in understanding the significance of YouTube as a medium in an online educational framework

1.6 Structure of the report

This paper's structure will look like this for the rest of its length The literature review

on eLearning and technology adoption is presented in Section 2 The research methodology is presented in Section 3 Results and analysis are presented in Section 4 The final section includes a summary and the subsequent debate

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT ILI Previous Studies

IT,.1,1, Overview of the sector

E-learning, short for "Electronic Learning,” is a relatively new approach to education that makes use of computer networks accessible through the Internet Teachers and students may collaborate and share resources and lesson ideas without having to physically meet one another The E-learning system supports Internet-connected computers, tablets, smartphones, etc Software to facilitate better electronic learning and instruction is abundant Users can interact with one another by asking questions, expressing feelings, delivering speeches, and customizing the app's backdrop This improves the allure of studying remotely

Many universities now provide students with the option to take courses online, outside

of the traditional classroom setting (Aristovnik et al., 2020; Srivastava, 2018; Widodo

et al., 2021) Others have argued that the outcomes of eLearning cannot be comparable with those of the campus-based or face-to-face paradigm, even though the fact that certain institutions have begun to embrace the advantages of digital technology due to its lower costs, greater adaptability, and greater comfort (El Refae et al., 2021) There

is a consensus that eLearning is interactive, in that it includes activities like instructor- led and student-led chats (Prasttyo et al., 2018)

Nonetheless, the Covid-19 problem has resulted in the widespread use of eLearning by numerous organizations and institutions (El Refae et al., 2021) Today, the term

"eLearning" is often used to describe the process of gaining knowledge without the need for face-to-face contact through means of the Internet and other electronic media (Radha et al., 2020) This term also includes a broad range of online resources for education, including websites, portals, audio platforms, video conferencing systems such as Zoom and Teams and social video sites (Prasttyo et al., 2018; Shahzad et al.,

4

of expanding their citizens' access to and the quality of their education It might be a method of achieving global parity for emerging nations Gamble (2018) claims that schools all over the world are moving away from the traditional model of teacher- student interaction in favour of a more streamlined curriculum that makes use of digital tools like online forums and discussion boards to foster a more collaborative new online paradigm (eLearning) is complementary to the older conventional one As

an example, some individuals can share educational information online, allowing them

to meet new people and further their knowledge all at the same time (Rauniar et al., 2014) While there are many advantages to conventional classroom settings, some individuals argue that the lack of customization in eLearning makes it even more difficult for students with unique needs (Srivastava, 2018) (Rapanta et al., 2020) Some have also advocated for a system that mixes in-person instruction with digital resources (Kamalluarifin et al., 2018)

IT,1,2 Theory Technology Acceptance Model

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a good way to think about how learners accept technology and plan to use it (for example, using YouTube for education) Based on his assumption, our users' plans for how they will act could be explained by how they feel about YouTube as a place to learn This study used two of TAM's most important parts: perceived ease-of-use (PEU) (YouTube in education) (Granic and Marangunic, 2019) and perceived usefulness (PU) (YouTube in education)

Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) paradigm, "technology adoption" describes a user's propensity to employ a given technology (Budu et al., 2018; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Maziriri et al., 2020) The paradigm suggests that the platform's success may be predicted by users' beliefs and intended actions (Davis et al., 1989) According to Davis et al (1989), PEU can help us understand people's motivations for and strategies for adopting new technologies like YouTube, which is important for designing effective learning experiences (Ashkanani, 2017; Bornert- Ringleb et al., 2021; Liao and Lu, 2008) One's attitude can be defined as the way in which one thinks and feels towards a person or object (e.g., evaluating the usefulness

of YouTube in education)

A user's opinion on whether or not he or she thinks a piece of technology will help them achieve their goals is known as its “perceived utility" (PU) (Davis et al., 1989; Rauniar et al., 2014) Others have pointed out the correlation between user perceptions

of a system's utility and their intentions to use that system in the future (Budu et al., 2018; Li et al., 2012), implying that PU and PEU may improve users’ intentions to utilize eLearning platforms (Hsia and Tseng, 2008) Acceptance of eLearning platforms is increased when students have positive impressions about their PU and PEU, as discussed by Alghizzawi et al (2019) That said, other researchers (Tan, 2013) argue that users’ behavioral objectives are what really drive their usage of eLearning The links between someone's BI to utilize technology and their actual utilization are shown by Venkatesh et al (2003) For this reason alone, the TAM considers PU and PEU reliable indicators of an individual's propensity to embrace technological progress (e.g., YouTube)

Another possible supplementary theoretical approach is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which seeks to characterize users' behavioral intention with respect to accepting new technology (Venkatesh et al., 2003) Further exploration of what drives people to use a platform can be done by expanding

on this concept (e.g., YouTube) The framework provides four criteria for evaluating people's openness to new technologies These include social influence (SI), favourable conditions (FC), the expectation of effort (EE), and the expectation of performance (PE) (SI) Predicting users' intentions and perspectives on adopting new technologies

is a common application of the UTAUT method (see e.g., Sarfaraz, 2017) Our research, which used YouTube as a case study, investigates the role that PE and EE have in shaping the attitudes and behaviours of Vietnamese college students toward adopting eLearning

H.2 Hypotheses development

Similar to how PU is seen as a variable in the TAM model, perceived efficacy (PE) 1s a user's view of how employing technology would contribute to obtaining a certain gain (Jaya et al, 2017) Users’ expectations of the system's performance (easiness/challenge) have a role in shaping their attitudes toward the technology

(Venkatesh et al., 2003) It has been shown that PE has an impact on the spread of BI

in a variety of contexts, including mobile banking (Chao, 2019; Sarfaraz, 2017), social media (Calderon et al., 2017), mobile learning (Chao, 2019), and e-learning (Huang et al., 2020; Jaya et al., 2017; Tarhini et al., 2017) Wang (2016) (2016) Additional research indicates that public sector workers’ performance expectations have a major role in shaping their views of their own behavioral intentions toward eLearning Finally, (2019) looked at how students' PE and BI affected their willingness to use eLearning in higher education and discovered that it was widely adopted They also urged others to look at how things like eLearning's incorporation into PE have affected

especially with regard to ICT, have previously been found by studies (Franklin and Nahari, 2018; Sangra et al., 2012) Among the many variables that might affect a person's openness to eLearning, this investigation focused on the utilization of YouTube videos and BI-related PE and EE as teaching platforms

H3: Effort expectancy (EE) is a factor that has a significant impact on users! behavioural intentions (BI)

H4: The behavioural intentions (BI) of users have a substantial impact on eLearning acceptability (ELA)

IL3 Conceptual Framework

During the course of Covid-19, the purpose of this work is to postulate a model for eLearning acceptability of information found on YouTube among Vietnamese university students (as may be seen in the conceptual framework that has been given

in Figure 1) There is a high probability that the YouTube platform will be utilized in the new learning environment as a result of the Covid-19 epidemic (Jung and Lee, 2015; Luu et al., 2020) This is due to the fact that YouTube is a popular video-sharing website The research that has been done on the subject of utilizing YouTube as a teaching tool has produced both hopeful and pessimistic expectations Some people have found that using the platform for educational purposes is helpful for discovering videos on a user's favourite themes and interests (Luu et al., 2020; Torres-Ramrez et al., 2014) This is something that was discovered by Luu et al., 2020 Recetving comments from other individuals regarding movies that have been shared, for instance, might improve engagement and communication between students, teachers, and other learners (Chan, 2010; Luu et al., 2020) Concerning its downsides, in addition to problems such as the demand for an Internet connection and the chance that the material may not be acceptable for a given age group, Kaya et al (2020) found that 78.7% of the 756 YouTube videos that were assessed for educational value and viewer interest in health-related themes turned out to be useless or only moderately useful for learning activities This is in addition to concerns such as the requirement for an Internet connection and the possibility that the content may not be appropriate for Yoo

et al (2020) revealed that the great majority of YouTube videos that were reviewed

8

were categorized as improper for educational purposes, suggesting that it is not recommended to use YouTube for the aim of gaining medical information

Especially in the Middle East, the Covid-19 problem has made online education required rather than optional, therefore it's unclear how widely YouTube will be adopted as a teaching tool (Celestine and Nonyelum, 2018) Therefore, the contributions of the study deal with the ways in which the content of YouTube videos influences the attitudes and behaviours of Vietnamese college students toward

Performance

expectancy

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

HI RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

IIL1 Theoretical Framework

In past research using the PLS-SEM approach, only a single-stage linear data analysis has been presented in terms of methodology (Sohaib et al., 2019) With in the theoretical model, only one SEM analysis might determine the linear relationships between the elements, which is insufficient for predicting the complicated decision- making process In this regard, previous research has used the Technology acceptance model as the primary theoretical framework; the current study seeks to establish the acceptability of online learning

Based on the principle of planned behavior (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) in psychology, Davis (1989) developed the model of technology acceptance (TAM) Behavioral intention, according to the idea of reasoned action, is what motivates people to behave

in a certain attitude, and this intention depends on their feelings about the conduct and their own internalized behavioral norms Essentially, it asserts that one's attitude toward and perceptions of the conduct determine one's behavior and the purpose to behave Numerous studies that investigate the adoption of information technology have made use of TAM A few examples of these types of studies are as follows: word processors - a term of the group Software Terms - Information technology (Davis et al., 1989), emails (Szajna, 1996), web browsers (Google Chrome, Safari, Microsoft Edge) (Morris & Dillon, 1997), websites (Koufaris, 2002), electronic collaboration (Dasgupta (Landry, Griffeth & Hartman, 2006) In the context of this research, eLearning refers to a system that, in order to fulfil its mandate of providing information to and engaging with students via a computer interface makes use of the Internet and web technology

to quit at any point without incurring any penalties We are grateful to everyone who contributed their effort and time by taking part in the discussion

TIL.3 The survey questionnaire

10

It was suggested that the survey instrument be used, and there ended up being 18 questions here on the questionnaire (Table 1) and (Table 2) The questionnaire consisted of two primary components altogether The directives and the primary goals

of the research were included in the first section, along with the demographical characteristics

Table 1 Summary of the survey items and source

Constructs | Code Items Source

PEHI To get experience and increase awareness about learning (Albumaid et

of the respondents The purpose of the second section was to collect responses relating

to the components which are included in the conceptual model With 299 total

11