AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING, MODELLING, HEALTH AND CONTROL Edited by Mukesh Khare Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Edited by Mukesh Khare Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Maja Bozicevic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control, Edited by Mukesh Khare p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0381-3 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Pollution and Air Quality in Târgovişte Municipality and Its Surroundings (Romania) 1 Pehoiu Gica and Murărescu Ovidiu Chapter 2 Comprehensive Comparison of Trace Metal Concentrations in Inhaled Air Samples 29 Mehmet Yaman Chapter 3 Effect of Air Pollutants on Vegetation in Tropical Climate: A Case Study of Delhi City 67 Sumanth Chinthala and Mukesh Khare Chapter 4 Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Aerosol Particles at Canopy Level in Urban Zone 75 S. Despiau Chapter 5 Biomonitoring of Airborne Heavy Metal Contamination 97 Mehran Hoodaji, Mitra Ataabadi and Payam Najafi Chapter 6 Air Quality Study, Comparison Between the Proposed and Actual Scenarios of Generator Sets in Havana, by Using CALPUFF Model 123 Yasser Antonio Fonseca Rodríguez, Leonor Turtós Carbonell, Elieza Meneses Ruiz, Gil Capote Mastrapa and José de Jesús Rivero Oliva Chapter 7 On the Impact of Time-Resolved Boundary Conditions on the Simulation of Surface Ozone and PM10 147 Gabriele Curci Chapter 8 Recovery and Reuse of SO 2 from Thermal Power Plant Emission 169 Arun Kumar Sharma, Shveta Acharya, Rashmi Sharma and Meenakshi Saxena VI Contents Chapter 9 Design Efficiency of ESP 197 Maria Jędrusik and Arkadiusz Świerczok Chapter 10 Allergens, Air Pollutants and Immune System Function in the Era of Global Warming 221 Barbara Majkowska-Wojciechowska and Marek L. Kowalski Preface This book provides a comprehensive compilation of chapters in air quality modelling, monitoring, exposure, health and control. The book consists of two volumes. Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling and Health mainly consist of chapters describing pioneering research findings in air quality monitoring, modelling, exposure and health; Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control comprises research findings on air quality monitoring, modelling, exposure, health and control. The book seeks to provide environmental scientists, engineers, researchers and students with a comprehensive and organised body of information in the area of air pollution. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the chapter authors for their competence, dedication and patience in the production of the book. Thanks are also due to the Ms. Maja Bozicevic, Publishing Process Manager for her help and support in the preparation of the entire book volume. Sincere appreciation is extended to Mr. Sunil and Mr. Sumanth Chinthala who provided extremely valuable organizational assistance throughout the book production cycle. Dr. Mukesh Khare IIT Delhi Civil Engineering Department India [...]... impregnation) and to meet the legal regulations in this domain Considering the fact that industrial pollution represents the main source of pollution for all the environmental factors (affecting the quality of the air, water, soil, generating different types of waste and using natural resources and energy), the purpose of the integrated 24 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control environmental... and the renal, hepatic and respiratory functions 8 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Measurement methods: - - the standard method for lead sampling is the same as the sampling method for PM10; the standard method for lead analysis is the one mentioned in ISO 9855/1993 “Aer înconjurător - determinarea conţinutului de plumb din aerosolii colectaţi pe filter” (“Surrounding air. .. The atmospheric pollution in general and especially the exposure to dusts in suspension produces diseases of the respiratory, digestive, osteo-muscular and nervous systems and of the sensory organs, affecting all the age groups; however, when it comes to children, it determines an early predisposition to 26 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control respiratory diseases and bronchial asthma... analyzed in the localities Târgovişte (PM10 - manual station located on the industrial platform and industrial automatic station - DB1), Doiceşti (total dusts in suspension (TSP) - manual station) and Fieni (industrial automatic station - DB2) - Table 7 and Fig 9-13 16 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Frequency No of Data No of Average Maximum Median Percentile of the valid collecting... :0 0 01 :0 0 0 22 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control 1.04.2009 Dioxid de sulf SO2 Dioxid de azot NO2 Oxizi NOx de azot PM10 - aut PM10 authorized Ozon O3 Monoxid de azot NO 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2.04.2009 Dioxid SO2 de sulf PM10 - aut PM10 authorized 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dioxid NO2 de azot Ozon O3 Oxizi NOx de azot Monoxid de az ot NO 23 Pollution and Air Quality in Târgovişte... green area (Fig.1) Fig 1 Geographical position of Târgovişte Plain (1) in Ialomiţa Plain (2) and Romania (3) 2 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Târgovişte had a population of 88,119 inhabitants in the year 2010 - representing 54.06% of the total urban population of Dâmboviţa County and 16.63% of the total population of the county -, the density of the town’s population being... Mechel SA Târgovişte) and the Civic Center – representative for the dusts resulted from road traffic and other sources after dispersion (SC Mechel SA) – where the indicator monitored was that of total dusts in suspension 3 Air quality The air is the environmental factor constituting the most rapid support favoring the pollutants’ transportation in the environment Air pollution has many and significant negative... Station (source: AEP Dâmboviţa) 14 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 Târgovişte 2005 Doiceşti 2006 2007 2008 2009 MAC/year Fig 7 Evolution of the concentrations of total dusts in suspension during the years 20012009 (TSP) - mg/m3 In Doiceşti locality, one monitored the level of the pollution with settleable dusts, nitrogen... spectrometric method: ISO 4224 Sulphur dioxide General features Sulphur dioxide is a colorless, bitter, non-flammable gas, with a penetrating odor that irritates the eyes and the respiratory system 6 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Natural sources: volcanic eruptions, marine phytoplankton, bacterial fermentation in the marshy areas, oxidation of the gas containing sulphur resulted from... year 2009 (ng/m3) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Industrial platform Târgovişte DB 1 average year 2009 DB 2 LV/2009 Fig 6 Average annual concentrations: nickel in the year 2009 (ng/m3) 9 10 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Station DB1 Industrial platform DB2 No of valid data Data collecting (%) Average Maximum Median LEAD (g/m3) 285 78.08 0.0246 0.1623 0.0115 105 307 DB1 Industrial platform . AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING, MODELLING, HEALTH AND CONTROL Edited by Mukesh Khare Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control Edited. findings in air quality monitoring, modelling, exposure and health; Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling, Health and Control comprises research findings on air quality monitoring, modelling,. compilation of chapters in air quality modelling, monitoring, exposure, health and control. The book consists of two volumes. Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling and Health mainly consist of