WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND MODELING pptx

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND MODELING Edited by Purna Nayak Water Resources Management and Modeling Edited by Purna Nayak Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Marina Jozipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Water Resources Management and Modeling, Edited by Purna Nayak p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0246-5 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Surface Water Modeling 1 Chapter 1 Tools for Watershed Planning – Development of a Statewide Source Water Protection System (SWPS) 3 Michael P. Strager Chapter 2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of Catchment Modelling with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model 39 Matjaž Glavan and Marina Pintar Chapter 3 Modelling in the Semi Arid Volta Basin of West Africa 65 Raymond Abudu Kasei Chapter 4 Consequences of Land Use Changes on Hydrological Functioning 87 Luc Descroix and Okechukwu Amogu Chapter 5 Fuzzy Nonlinear Function Approximation (FNLLA) Model for River Flow Forecasting 109 P.C. Nayak, K.P. Sudheer and S.K. Jain Chapter 6 San Quintin Lagoon Hydrodynamics Case Study 127 Oscar Delgado-González, Fernando Marván-Gargollo, Adán Mejía-Trejo and Eduardo Gil-Silva Chapter 7 Unsteady 1D Flow Model of Natural Rivers with Vegetated Floodplain – An Application to Analysis of Influence of Land Use on Flood Wave Propagation in the Lower Biebrza Basin 145 Dorota Miroslaw-Swiatek VI Contents Chapter 8 Hydrology and Methylmercury Availability in Coastal Plain Streams 169 Paul Bradley and Celeste Journey Chapter 9 Contribution of GRACE Satellite Gravimetry in Global and Regional Hydrology, and in Ice Sheets Mass Balance 191 Frappart Frédéric and Ramillien Guillaume Part 2 Groundwater Modeling 215 Chapter 10 Simplified Conceptual Structures and Analytical Solutions for Groundwater Discharge Using Reservoir Equations 217 Alon Rimmer and Andreas Hartmann Chapter 11 Integration of Groundwater Flow Modeling and GIS 239 Arshad Ashraf and Zulfiqar Ahmad Chapter 12 Percolation Approach in Underground Reservoir Modeling 263 Mohsen Masihi and Peter R. King Chapter 13 Quantity and Quality Modeling of Groundwater by Conjugation of ANN and Co-Kriging Approaches 287 Vahid Nourani and Reza Goli Ejlali Preface Water Resources Management intends to optimize the available water resources, which consists of the optimal utilization of surface water and groundwater, to satisfy the requirements of domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. In some parts of the world, there is abundance of water, while in other parts of the world the resources are scanty particularly in developing and under-developed countries. Floods and droughts continue to threaten and affect the livelihoods of most of the population in these countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for optimal utilization of water resources. With ever increasing population, particularly in developing and under- developed countries, there is an urgent need to cater the needs of the population, where water is the basic requirement. Groundwater and surface water play a pivotal role in agriculture, and an increasing portion of extracted groundwater is used for irrigating agriculture fields. It is estimated that at least 40% of the world's food grains are produced using groundwater, by irrigated farming, both in countries with low GDP as well as in high GDP countries. In arid and semi-arid areas, the dependency on groundwater for water supply is much higher in comparison to other areas. This book is designed to address some of the real issues concerning water resource management, with some illustrative and good case studies relevant to the topic and up-to-date. We hope that the chapters in the book will be of great use to postgraduate and research scholars, providing them with current research trends and applications of water resources for better management. This book consists of two sections: surface water and groundwater. Surface water section covers watershed planning, impact of climate change on Volta Basin, rainfall-runoff and sediment modeling using SWAT model, flood forecasting using fuzzy logic approach, effect of land use changes on hydrology, hydrodynamics and unsteady flow modeling, water quality modeling, information on GRACE satellite and on wetland hydrology. Analytical solutions to groundwater discharge are discussed in groundwater section followed by groundwater flow modeling using MODFLOW, percolation approach, quality and quantity modeling using ANN and Kriging approach. Different modeling approaches are described followed by examples of case studies. The materials presented in this book should help a wide range of readers to apply different simulation techniques to resolve real life problems and issues concerned with water resource management. X Preface I am highly grateful to Intech, Open Access Publisher, for giving me the opportunity to contribute as the Book Editor to this valuable book. In Particular, I would like to thank Ms. Marina Jozipovic, the Publishing Process Manager, for her constant support and cooperation during the preparation of this book. I also acknowledge the support of my colleague Mr. D. Mohana Rangan for his assistance in reviewing the chapters and helping in improving the quality of the contents. Purna Nayak National Institute of Hydrology, Kakinada, AP, India . WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND MODELING Edited by Purna Nayak Water Resources Management and Modeling Edited by Purna Nayak . Water Resources Management and Modeling 4 7. UTM latitude/longitude conversion utility 8. Statewide map/GIS data layers 9. Water quality modeling capability 10. Groundwater and surface water. current research trends and applications of water resources for better management. This book consists of two sections: surface water and groundwater. Surface water section covers watershed planning,