Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources - Chapter 1 pot

Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc. Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources Edited by Joaquín Andreu Giuseppe Rossi Federico Vagliasindi Alicia Vela Boca Raton London New York Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Published in 2006 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10987654321 International Standard Book Number-10: 1-56670-672-6 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-56670-672-8 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2005050550 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drought management and planning for water resources /edited by Joaquin Andreu …[et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56670-672-6 (alk. paper) 1. Water-supply Management. 2. Droughts Management. I. Andreu, J. (Joaquin) TD345.D76 2005 363.6¢1 dc22 2005050550 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Taylor & Francis Group is the Academic Division of Informa plc. L1672_Discl.fm Page 1 Tuesday, September 20, 2005 11:06 AM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Preface Water resources management in the arid and semiarid areas is a complex task, involving a large number of hydrologic, environmental, and manage- ment factors that have to be considered in order to supply sufficient water and to ensure the minimum levels of environmental protection and quality of life. Droughts, so frequent in the semiarid areas, intensify these problems even more. Since they are unpredictable phenomena (both in their occurrence and duration), prevision and preparation against droughts are key elements for minimizing their impact. These circumstances have driven researchers to invest an important effort in the study of alternative, nonconventional means for obtaining water in prevision of drought periods, such as wastewater treatments, desaliniza- tion, or exploitation of deep groundwater, as well as the development of tools and strategies for conjunctive management and water saving that allow for optimizing the water resources management and preventing the scarcity periods. The WAMME project (Water Resources Management Under Drought Conditions: Criteria and Tools for Conjunctive Use of Conventional and Marginal Waters in Mediterranean Regions) has investigated these subjects and applied the obtained methodologies and results to a series of study cases located in representative basins of the Mediterranean area. The objective of this book is to present these results to the potential users and the members of the international scientific community. L1672_C000.fm Page v Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC About the Editors Joaquín Andreu, Ph.D., is a professor of hydraulic engineering at the University Politécnica de Valencia and presently technical director at the Júcar River Basin Agency (Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar). He grad- uated with a degree in civil engineering (1977), obtained his MSc in civil engineering at the Colorado State University (1982), and obtained a Ph.D. in civil engineering (1984) at the University Politécnica de Valencia. Since 1979 he has been developing a researching and teaching career at the University Politécnica de Valencia. He became a professor of hydraulic engineering in 1993, and from 2001 to 2004 he was the director of the Institute of Water Engineering and Environment at the University Politécnica de Valencia. His main research interests are decision support systems for water man- agement, and he has conducted several research projects (funded by the European Union, the Spanish Ministries of Science and Development and Foreign Affairs, and other European and international institutions) and directed 11 doctoral theses. He is also author or coauthor of 11 books and has published more than 40 papers and contributions to several research publications. Giuseppe Rossi, Ph.D., is a professor of hydrology and water resources at the University of Catania, College of Engineering, Italy. He graduated with a degree in civil engineering from the University of Palermo. He was a research associate at the Institute of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Man- agement, University of Catania (1971–1979). He was a visiting scientist at Colorado State University, Fort Collins (1977–1978) and at Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain (2003–2004). His main research interests are stochastic hydrology, analysis of hydro- logic extremes (floods and droughts), and models for water resources man- agement. He was a partner or coordinator of several research projects on drought analysis and mitigation funded by the European Union (CEE-EPOCH, INCO-DC, INCO-MED, and MEDA programs) and coordinator on behalf of the University of Catania for several projects on water resources systems planning and operation funded by the Italian Ministry for University and Research and National Research Council. L1672_C000.fm Page vii Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC He is the author of over 130 papers and editor of seven books in the fields of floods, droughts, and water resources. He is a member of the editorial boards of Water Resources Management , International Journal of Water , and L'Acqua, Journal of the Associazione Idrotecnica Italiana . Professor Rossi is a member of several international associations (Hydraulics Research IAHR, Water Resources IWRA, EWRA, Water History IWHA, Irrigation and Drainage ICID), of Associazione Idrotecnica Italiana, Indian Association of Hydrologists, and Zelanti and Gioenia Academies). Federico G. A. Vagliasindi, Ph.D., is a professor of environmental and sanitary engineering at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engi- neering, University of Catania (Italy). He received his MSc from Colorado State University, Fort Collins, and his Ph.D. from University of Washington, Seattle. He was a research associate at University of Salerno, Italy (1992), a research assistant at University of Washington, Seattle (1994–1997), and an associate professor at University of Catania, Italy (1998–2002). Professor Vagliasindi’s main research interests are in the fields of water and wastewater treatment and reuse, integrated solid waste management, and contaminated site characterization and remediation. He has participated in research projects funded by the European Commission, AWWARF (American Water Works Association Research Foundation, USA), EPRI (Energy and Power Research Institute, USA), Italian Ministry for University and Research, and Italian National Research Council. He has authored over 50 papers for journals or proceedings. He is coauthor of an AWWA research foundation manual on arsenic removal, and coauthor of the wastewater treatment chap- ter of the Italian Handbook of Civil Engineering. Professor Vagliasindi is a member of the American Association of Envi- ronmental Engineering Professors and the International Water Association. He is a member of the Environmental and Sanitary Section of the Italian Great Risks Commission. Alicia Vela, Ph.D., geologist, is currently a private consultant on hydrology, hydrogeology, and GIS applications to hydrology. She received her Ph.D. from the University Complutense de Madrid (1999), and worked as a researcher at the Remote Sensing and GIS Section of the University of Castilla–La Mancha (1999–2002), and at the Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (2002–2003). Dr. Vela has focused her research on remote sensing and GIS applications to hydrology, and mainly toward the development of GIS applications for modeling soil-water, soil-atmosphere, and soil-subsoil processes. She has participated in several research projects funded by the European Commis- sion, the European Space Agency, and the Spanish Ministry for Science and Technology. She has authored or coauthored 20 papers for journals, proceed- ings, or monographies. Dr. Vela is a member of the International Association of Hydrogeologists. L1672_C000.fm Page viii Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contributors Joaquín Andreu Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente Valencia, Spain A. Cancelliere University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy Teodoro Estrela Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar Valencia, Spain Aránzazu Fidalgo Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar Valencia, Spain G. Giuliano University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy Daniel P. Loucks Cornell University Civil and Environmental Engineering Ithaca, New York Giuseppe Mancini University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy Javier Paredes Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente Valencia, Spain Miguel Angel Pérez Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente Valencia, Spain Javier Ferrer Polo Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar Valencia, Spain Paolo Roccaro University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy Giuseppe Rossi University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy L1672_C000.fm Page ix Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Andres Sahuquillo Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente Valencia, Spain Francesca Salis Dip. Ingegneria del Territorio Sezione Hidráulica Piazza d’Armi Cagliari, Italy Giovanni M. Sechi Dip. Ingegneria del Territorio Sezione Hidráulica Piazza d’Armi Cagliari, Italy Vicente Serrano-Orts COPUT — Servicio de Planificación Valencia, Spain Salvatore Sipala University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy A. Solera Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente Valencia, Spain Federico G. A. Vagliasindi University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Catania, Italy Paola Zuddas Dip. Ingegneria del Territorio Sezione Hidráulica Piazza d’Armi Cagliari, Italy L1672_C000.fm Page x Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contents Chapter 1 Water management in Mediterranean regions prone to drought: The Júcar Basin experience 1 Chapter 2 Criteria for marginal water treatment and reuse under drought conditions 19 Chapter 3 Strategies for the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater 49 Chapter 4 Optimization model for the conjunctive use of conventional and marginal waters 73 Chapter 5 Decision support systems for drought management 119 Chapter 6 Methodology for the analysis of drought mitigation measures in water resource systems 133 Chapter 7 Droughts and the European water framework directive: Implications on Spanish river basin districts 169 Chapter 8 Water reuse and desalination at Comunitat-Valenciana region, Spain 193 Chapter 9 Role of decision support system and multicriteria methods for the assessment of drought mitigation measures 203 L1672_C000.fm Page xi Thursday, September 22, 2005 12:02 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 1 chapter one Water management in Mediterranean regions prone to drought: The Júcar Basin experience Javier Ferrer Polo Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar, Valencia, Spain Javier Paredes Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Contents 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Current Spanish legal framework 3 1.3 Droughts in the Júcar Basin Agency 4 1.4 Indicators and watch alert systems in the JBA 5 1.5 Analysis of drought events in the JBA 7 1.5.1 Measures in the 1990–1995 drought 7 1.5.2 Measures taken in the 1998–2002 drought 8 1.5.2.1 Facilities 14 1.5.2.2 Legal framework 14 1.5.2.3 Complementary administrative measures 15 1.6 Conclusion 17 1.7 Acknowledgments 17 References 17 L1672_C001.fm Page 1 Tuesday, September 13, 2005 3:13 PM Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC [...]... groundwater Taibilla River Contributions 80 Máxima 69.9 Ene 19 91 60 Media 55.6 50 Minima 40.7 December 2002 70 40 ene- 91 abr- 91 jul- 91 oct- 91 ene-92 abr-92 jul-92 oct-92 ene-93 abr-93 jul-93 oct-93 ene-94 abr-94 jul-94 oct-94 ene-95 abr-95 jul-95 oct-95 ene-96 abr-96 jul-96 oct-96 ene-97 abr-97 jul-97 oct-97 ene-98 abr-98 jul-98 oct-98 ene-99 abr-99 jul-99 oct-99 ene-00 abr-00 jul-00 oct-00 ene- 01 abr- 01. .. oct-02 oct- 01 oct-00 oct-99 oct-98 oct-97 oct-96 oct-95 oct-94 oct-93 oct-92 oct- 91 oct-90 oct-89 oct-88 oct-87 oct-86 oct-85 oct-84 oct-83 oct-82 0 Red level Annual storage volumes 30.00 25.00 Hm3 20.00 15 .00 10 .00 5.00 April Average Figure 1. 7 Monthly inflows of Taibilla river Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Red level 2003 2002 20 01 2000 19 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 95 19 94 19 93 19 92 19 91 1990... oct-83 oct-82 0 Red level Average volume Annual storage volumes 12 00 10 00 Hm3 800 600 400 200 April Average 2003 2002 20 01 2000 19 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 95 19 94 19 93 19 92 19 91 1990 19 89 19 88 19 87 19 86 19 85 19 84 19 83 19 82 0 Red level Figure 1. 6 Monthly evolution of the volume of the Amadorio and Guadalest reservoirs Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC L1672_C0 01. fm Page 12 Tuesday, September 13 ,... jul- 01 oct- 01 ene-02 abr-02 jul-02 oct-02 30 Figure 1. 8 Transfer facilities among the Júcar, Marina Baja, and Vinalopó systems Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC L1672_C0 01. fm Page 14 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM 14 Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources Table 1. 1 Water Transfers from Júcar System in the 19 98–2002 Period Year Receiver Origin 19 99 2000 20 01 2002 2000 20 01. .. 20 01 Water storage volume in that period was less than during the 19 95 drought, although in the year 2003 it improved Reservoirs of de Alarcón-Contreras-Tous Sum of storage volumes 10 00 900 800 700 Hm3 600 500 400 300 200 10 0 The main dams: Alarcón + Contreras + Tous oct-02 oct- 01 oct-00 oct-99 oct-98 oct-97 oct-96 oct-95 oct-94 oct-93 oct-92 oct- 91 oct-90 oct-89 oct-88 oct-87 oct-86 oct-85 oct-84... September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM Chapter one: Figure 1. 4 Wells constructed in the Turia system in the 19 90 19 95 drought Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC L1672_C0 01. fm Page 10 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM 10 Figure 1. 5 Monthly evolution of the volume storied in the Júcar system L1672_C0 01. fm Page 11 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM Chapter. .. PM Chapter one: Water management in Mediterranean regions 7 1 11 3 12 10 2 4 17 18 5 6 78 13 9 14 22 26 23 21 19 15 24 25 16 27 29 28 20 30 31 33 32 34 0 10 20 30 40 Km Figure 1. 3 Example of spatial distribution of the drought indicators (April 2002) 1. 5 Analysis of drought events in the JBA In this section the two last and most important events of droughts in the JBA’s territory are described 1. 5 .1. .. Water Resour Res 16 (2), 297–302 Dziegielewski, B (19 86) Drought management options Drought management and its impacts on public water systems Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council Washington, DC: National Academy Press Copyright 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC L1672_C0 01. fm Page 18 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM 18 Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources Dziegielewski,...L1672_C0 01. fm Page 2 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM 2 Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources 1. 1 Introduction It is in the Mediterranean basins where the scarcity of water, irregular hydrology, and great water demands cause droughts to have important economic, social, and environmental consequences Drought concept is complex due to the subjectivity function of the field of study and. .. 19 91 1990 19 89 19 88 19 87 19 86 19 85 19 84 19 83 19 82 0.00 L1672_C0 01. fm Page 13 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005 3 :13 PM Chapter one: Water management in Mediterranean regions 13 further decreased tendency finalizing in a historic minimum situation, 40– 45 hm3, with this situation still remaining After characterizing the droughts, it is interesting to analyze the measures comparing the situation in 19 95, where . Guadalest reservoirs. 2003 2002 20 01 2000 19 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 95 19 94 19 93 19 92 19 91 1990 19 89 19 88 19 87 19 86 19 85 19 84 19 83 19 82 12 00 10 00 080 060 040 020 0 oct-02 oct- 01 oct-00 oct-99 oct-98 oct-97 oct-96 oct-95 oct-94 oct-93 oct-92 oct- 91 oct-90. the drought indicators (April 2002). 010 20 40 Km30 15 16 19 2 23 27 29 6 9 1 10 14 24 26 30 32 5 8 11 12 13 17 18 20 21 4 7 22 25 28 3 31 33 34 L1672_C0 01. fm Page 7 Tuesday, September 13 , 2005. States of America on acid-free paper 10 9876543 21 International Standard Book Number -1 0 : 1- 5 667 0-6 7 2-6 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number -1 3 : 97 8 -1 -5 667 0-6 7 2-8 (Hardcover) Library