RECENT RESEARCHES IN METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING – FROM EXTRACTION TO FORMING Edited by Mohammad Nusheh, Horacio Garza Ahuett and Alejandro Arrambide Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming Edited by Mohammad Nusheh, Horacio Garza Ahuett and Alejandro Arrambide Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Skalamera Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming, Edited by Mohammad Nusheh, Horacio Garza Ahuett and Alejandro Arrambide p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0356-1 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Metal Recovery from Industrial Waste 1 Chapter 1 Possibilities of Exploitation of Bauxite Residue from Alumina Production 3 Marián Schwarz and Vladimír Lalík Part 2 Hydro-Electrometallurgical Processes 23 Chapter 2 Oxidative Hydrometallurgy of Sulphide Minerals 25 F. R. Carrillo-Pedroza, M. J. Soria-Aguilar, E. Salinas-Rodríguez, A. Martínez-Luevanos, T. E. Pecina-Treviño and A. Dávalos-Sánchez Chapter 3 Methods for the Enhancement of Mass Transport at the Recovery of Metal Ions from Hydroelectrometallurgical Processes 43 Mirela Ioana Iorga, Raluca Pop, Marius Constantin Mirica and Doru Buzatu Part 3 Modelling of the Refining Processes in the Production of Steel and Ferroalloys 63 Chapter 4 Modelling of the Refining Processes in the Production of Ferrochrome and Stainless Steel 65 Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen and Timo Fabritius Part 4 Heat Treatment – Modeling to Practice 89 Chapter 5 The Estimation of the Quenching Effects After Carburising Using an Empirical Way Based on Jominy Test Results 91 Mihai Ovidiu Cojocaru, Niculae Popescu and Leontin Drugă VI Contents Part 5 Semi-Solid Processing and Die Casting of Alloys and Composites 123 Chapter 6 Semisolid Processing of Al/β-SiC Composites by Mechanical Stirring Casting and High Pressure Die Casting 125 H. Vladimir Martínez and Marco F. Valencia Chapter 7 Die Casting and New Rheocasting 143 Matjaž Torkar, Primož Mrvar, Jožef Medved, Mitja Petrič, Boštjan Taljat and Matjaž Godec Chapter 8 Squeeze Casting of Al-Si Alloys 161 Bellisario Denise, Boschetto Alberto, Costanza Girolamo, Tata Maria Elisa, Quadrini Fabrizio and Santo Loredana Preface As the title, “Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering, From Extraction to Forming” implies, this text blends new theories with practices covering a broad field of metal- related technologies including mineral processing, extractive metallurgy, heat treatment and casting. This book is divided into different 5 chapters. Each of the chapters is a review of the research made by the authors during the last decade, and includes references to the research published in scientific papers and conference proceedings by experts in the field. Altogether, this book contains five chapters. In Chapter 1, the author has endeavored to describe the possibilities of exploitation and recovery of valuable minerals and metals from a well-known industrial waste named red (brown) mud which is produced during processing of bauxite mineral in alumina production. The book begins with this chapter because it is somehow related to mineral processing, which usually takes the position as the principal front-end operation in the overall process flowsheet for metal extraction. Chapter 2 deals with hydro- and electro-metallurgy. The first section of this chapter focused on oxidative leaching of sulfide minerals which is a challenging issue in extractive metallurgy of copper and precious metals such as gold. The second section of Chapter 2 presents the main methods for mass transfer increasing during the electrochemical deposition of metals from hydro- electro-metallurgical processes wasted solutions. The goal of Chapter 3 is to present the current state of the modeling concerning the refining processes in the production of ferrochrome and stainless steel. In Chapter 4, the authors describe the estimation of the quenching effects made after carburizing based on the information provided by Jominy test. The Jominy end-quench test is the standard method for measuring the hardenability of steels. The last chapter, addresses certain representative issues concerning semi-solid processing and die-casting of specific alloys and composites. I wish the book will be useful for engineers, students and all those interested in metallurgical engineering. I am very grateful to InTech for giving me the honor of being the editor of this book and I would like to thank the individuals who have helped with the preparation of this book, specially, Mrs. Ana Skalamera, the X Preface publishing process manager. The efforts of Dr. Horacio Ahuett-Garza and M.Sc. Arrambide as co-editors on this project are highly acknowledged. Finally, I express my appreciation to all the authors participating in this project. Mohammad Nusheh, PhD in Extractive Metallurgy Materials Science and Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran . bauxite also vary, e. g. colour Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming 4 (from yellow-white to grey, from pink to dark-red or brown) or structure (earthy,. in the sintering process and subsequent magnetic separation under different conditions (temperature and time of sintering, carbon – Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction. RECENT RESEARCHES IN METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING – FROM EXTRACTION TO FORMING Edited by Mohammad Nusheh, Horacio Garza Ahuett and Alejandro Arrambide Recent Researches