DISTILLATION – ADVANCES FROM MODELING TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Sina Zereshki Distillation – Advances from Modeling to Applications Edited by Sina Zereshki Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Martina Blecic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Distillation – Advances from Modeling to Applications, Edited by Sina Zereshki p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0428-5 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Modeling and Simulation 1 Chapter 1 Modeling and Control Simulation for a Condensate Distillation Column 3 Vu Trieu Minh and John Pumwa Chapter 2 Energy Conservation in Ethanol-Water Distillation Column with Vapour Recompression Heat Pump 35 Christopher Enweremadu Chapter 3 The Design and Simulation of the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate and the Product Separation Process Plant 61 Feng Wang, Ning Zhao, Fukui Xiao, Wei Wei and Yuhan Sun Chapter 4 Batch Distillation: Thermodynamic Efficiency 91 José C. Zavala-Loría and Asteria Narváez-García Part 2 Food and Aroma Concentration 107 Chapter 5 Distillation of Natural Fatty Acids and Their Chemical Derivatives 109 Steven C. Cermak, Roque L. Evangelista and James A. Kenar Chapter 6 Changes in the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Essential Oils of Clary Sage and Roman Chamomile During Steam Distillation in Pilot Plant Scale 141 Susanne Wagner, Angela Pfleger, Michael Mandl and Herbert Böchzelt Chapter 7 Distillation of Brazilian Sugar Cane Spirits (Cachaças) 159 Sergio Nicolau Freire Bruno VI Contents Chapter 8 Spirits and Liqueurs from Melon Fruits (Cucumis melo L.) 183 Ana Briones, Juan Ubeda-Iranzo and Luis Hernández-Gómez Part 3 New Applications and Improvments 197 Chapter 9 Separation of Odor Constituents by Microscale Fractional Bulb-To-Bulb Distillation 199 Toshio Hasegawa Chapter 10 Mass Transport Improvement by PEF – Applications in the Area of Extraction and Distillation 211 Claudia Siemer, Stefan Toepfl and Volker Heinz Chapter 11 Membrane Distillation: Principle, Advances, Limitations and Future Prospects in Food Industry 233 Pelin Onsekizoglu Chapter 12 The Separation of Tritium Radionuclide from Environmental Samples by Distillation Technique 267 Poppy Intan Tjahaja and Putu Sukmabuana Preface Distillation is probably one of the oldest systematic processes in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering which goes back to the first century AD. The initial concepts were applied in the production of distilled water. Distillation was a single step batch process at the beginning. However, fractional distillation as is used today was developed more than 10 centuries later. Distillation has a wide application range in the industries from food to petroleum refinery nowadays. Distillation towers are still the symbol of chemical and petrochemical industry. During decades many improvements and optimizations have been made to this process along with the new technologies and findings, particularly before the 20 th century. Although distillation is considered as a matured industrial process, there are yet many ways open for research in this field. Combining other technologies with distillation in the form of hybrid processes in order to merge the advantages of the both processes and avoid the inherent weaknesses of each process, e.g. distillation of azeotropic mixtures, is only one of the new improvements to the field. Modeling of distillation process significantly helped its understanding and improvement with the minimum costs. This includes mathematical and theoretical basics as well as computer aided modeling and simulations. Therefore a main section of this book is dedicated to the mathematical modeling and simulation of distillation. The next section will discuss few experimental case studies mainly in the field of food processing and odor and aroma extraction. Several new concepts and applications of other novel technologies in distillation field are moved to the third section. The majority of the chapters in this section are on food applications as well. The respected authors of the chapters are well-known professionals and it is my pleasure to acknowledge their kind contribution to this book. The collected chapters provide valuable knowledge on research and development of distillation technology. Both the fundamental concepts and practical experiences provided by the learned authors could certainly be a useful insight for the interested researchers in distillation field. X Preface As the editor, I would like to appreciate again the nice work of all the authors of different chapters as well as the open access publisher which did the best to provide a quality book. February 2012 Dr. Sina Zereshki Chemical Engineering Department, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah Iran . DISTILLATION – ADVANCES FROM MODELING TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Sina Zereshki Distillation – Advances from Modeling to Applications Edited. best reflects the dynamics of the distillation process and used as the reference model Distillation – Advances from Modeling to Applications 4 Fig. 1.1. Distillation Flow-sheet for a model-reference. www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Distillation – Advances from Modeling to Applications, Edited by Sina Zereshki p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0428-5