INFLAMMATORY DISEASES – A MODERN PERSPECTIVE Edited by Amit Nagal Inflammatory Diseases – A Modern Perspective Edited by Amit Nagal Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. 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Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Inflammatory Diseases – A Modern Perspective, Edited by Amit Nagal p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-444-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor 1 Chapter 1 Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor, an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Disorders 3 Ken-ichiro Inoue and Hirohisa Takano Part 2 Design of hn-SPLA2 Inhibitors: A Structure Based Molecule Design Approach 15 Chapter 2 Design of Human Non-Pancreatic Secretary Phospholipase A2 (hnps-PLA2) Inhibitors: A Structure Based Molecule Design Approach 17 Amit Nagal Part 3 Bachcet's Disease 25 Chapter 3 Th17 Trafficking Cells in Behcet's Disease Skin Lesions 27 Hamzaoui Kamel, Bouali Eya and Houman Habib Part 4 Activate Protein C Role in Inflammatory Disease 43 Chapter 4 Anti-Inflammatory Actions of the Anticoagulant, Activated Protein C 45 Christopher John Jackson and Meilang Xue Part 5 Role of TrkA Receptor in Inflammation 73 Chapter 5 Expression and Role of the TrkA Receptor in Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases 75 Véronique Freund-Michel, Bernard Muller and Nelly Frossard Part 6 The Value of Cytokinome Profile 101 Chapter 6 The Value of the Cytokinome Profile 103 Susan Costantini, Ankush Sharma and Giovanni Colonna VI Contents Part 7 Pancreatic Cancer 129 Chapter 7 Periodontal Inflammation as Risk Factor for Pancreatic Diseases 131 Jelena Milasin, Natasa Nikolic Jakoba, Dejan Stefanovic, Jelena Sopta, Ana Pucar, Vojislav Lekovic and Barrie E. Kenney Part 8 Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Disease 157 Chapter 8 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Diseases 159 Antonio Ferrante and Charles Hii Part 9 Noninvasive Inflammatory Biomarkers 179 Chapter 9 A New Era for Assessing Airway Diseases: New Insights in the Asthma Paradigm 181 J. Bellido-Casado Part 10 Role of AC0T7 201 Chapter 10 Role of ACOT7 in Arachidonic Acid Production and Inflammation 203 Crystall Swarbrick, Noelia Roman and Jade K. Forwood Part 11 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 219 Chapter 11 The Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Salmon on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 221 Nicole C. Roy, Nadja Berger, Emma N. Bermingham, Warren C. McNabb and Janine M. Cooney Preface “Inflammatory Diseases – A Modern Perspective” represents an extended and thoroughly revised collection of papers on inflammation. This book explores a wide range of topics relevant to inflammation and inflammatory diseases while its main objective is to help in understanding the molecular mechanism and a concrete review of inflammation. One of the interesting things about this book is its diversity in topics which include pharmacology, medicine, rational drug design, microbiology and biochemistry. Each topic focuses on inflammation and its related disease thus giving a unique platform which integrates all the useful information regarding inflammation. About the Contents Chapter 1 contains an introduction to Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor which is found to be a good therapeutic option for endotoxin-related inflammatory disorders such as DIC, acute lung injury in targeted mice model. Chapter 2 concerns structure based molecule design approaches and comparative docking studies of various hnps-PLA2 indole inhibitor derivatives. In this study they proved that molecule 13h could be a novel anti-inflammatory drug. Chapter 3 formally supports a model wherein Th1 and IL-17 + T cells mechanistically interact and collaboratively contribute to BD skin pathogenesis. This is found to be a beneficial for further study in Behcet’s disease skin lesions Chapter 4 contains a review of the most Activate Protein C role in inflammatory disease Chapter 5 is devoted to the formal theory of role and expression TrkA receptor in the pulmonary hypertension. This chapter well explains the importance of TrkA receptor. Chapter 6 concerns review of cytokines, their major role in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers and it also elucidates challenge and significance of the cytokinome profile. Chapter 7 examines Periodontal Inflammation as Risk Factor for Pancreatic Diseases. It also explores and investigates pancreatic tissue for the potential presence of periodontopathogenic microorganisms. X Preface Chapter 8 is entirely devoted to Polyunsaturated fatty acids. It well explains that they play critical roles in physiologic and pathophysiologic processes involving the immune system and have the ability to alter cellular responses as free fatty acids, most interest is on the properties of the array of metabolic products which they generate. These form a regulatory network which either down or up-regulates the inflammatory reaction. Chapter 9 concerns the importance of asthma especially scientific knowledge which can help to address how and why this condition occurs and may contribute to a better understanding of the classification of each asthma patient. Chapter 10 is discussion of the functional and structural characterization of AC0T7 in macrophages and their role in inflammation. Chapter 11 contains interesting observations of dietary n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA-rich food such as salmon which plays crucial role to reduce inflammatory bowel disease. Amit Nagal, PhD Bioinformatics Analyst Ocimum Biosolution, Hyderabad, India [...]... 19:327-32 [71] Takano H, Inoue K, Shimada A, Sato H, Yanagisawa R, Yoshikawa T Urinary trypsin inhibitor protects against liver injury and coagulation pathway dysregulation induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine in mice Lab Invest 2009; 89:833-9 14 Inflammatory Diseases – A Modern Perspective [72] Inoue KI, Takano H, Sato H, Yanagisawa R, Yoshikawa T Protective role of urinary trypsin inhibitor... 29:26-32 [18] Okabe H, Irita K, Kurosawa K, Tagawa K, Koga A, Yamakawa M, Yoshitake J, Takahashi S Increase in the plasma concentration of reduced glutathione observed in rats with liver damage induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine: effects of ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor Circ Shock 1993; 41:268-72 [19] Tsujino T, Komatsu Y, Isayama H, et al Ulinastatin for pancreatitis after endoscopic... amphotericin B Acta Haematol 2003; 109:156-7 [56] Sato A, Kuwabara Y, Shinoda N, Kimura M, Ishiguro H, Fujii Y Use of low dose dopamine, gabexate mesilate and ulinastatin reduces the water balance and pulmonary complication in thoracic esophagectomy patients Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:151-4 [57] Kobayashi H, Suzuki M, Tanaka Y, Kanayama N, Terao T A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, bikunin, inhibits ovarian cancer... dysfunction Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1351-7 [42] Nishiyama T, Yokoyama T, Yamashita K Effects of a protease inhibitor, ulinastatin, on coagulation and fibrinolysis in abdominal surgery J Anesth 2006; 20:179-82 [43] Kurosawa S, Kanaya N, Fujimura N, Nakayama M, Edanaga M, Mizuno E, Park KW, Namiki A Effects of ulinastatin on pulmonary artery pressure during abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy J Clin Anesth 2006;... Sato A, Takikawa Y, Shirakawa K, Suzuki K Plasma and urine levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:140-7 [70] Lin SD, Endo R, Kuroda H, Kondo K, Miura Y, Takikawa Y, Kato A, Suzuki K Plasma and urine levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in patients with chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma J Gastroenterol Hepatol... microscopy Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 17:277-88 [48] Yamasaki F, Ishibashi M, Nakakuki M, Watanabe M, Shinkawa T, Mizota M Protective action of ulinastatin against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice and its effect on the lysosomal fragility Nephron 1996; 74:158-67 [49] Ishibashi M, Yamasaki F, Nakakuki M, Shinkawa T, Mizota M Cytoprotective effect of ulinastatin on LLC-PK1 cells treated with antimycin... 31:1987-92 [35] Aihara T, Shiraishi M, Hiroyasu S, Hatsuse K, Mochizuki H, Seki S, Hiraide H, Muto Y Ulinastatin, a protease inhibitor, attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by downregulating TNF-alpha in the liver Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3732-4 [36] Nakahama H, Obata K, Sugita M Ulinastatin ameliorates acute ischemic renal injury in rats Ren Fail 1996; 18:893-8 [37] Cao ZL, Okazaki Y, Naito K, Ueno... Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Shimada A, Yoshino S, Sato H, Yoshikawa T Protective role of urinary trypsin inhibitor in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2005; 230:281-7 [68] Inoue K, Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Shimada A, Sato H, Kato Y, Yoshikawa T Antioxidative role of urinary trypsin inhibitor in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide Int... related proteins Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21:651-6 [12] Balduyck M, Mizon J [Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and its plasma and urine derivatives] Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1991; 49:273-81 [13] Nishiyama T, Aibiki M, Hanaoka K The effect of ulinastatin, a human protease inhibitor, on the transfusion-induced increase of plasma polymorphonuclear granulocyte elastase Anesth Analg 1996; 82:108-12 10 Inflammatory. .. treatment caused severe liver injury characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, hemorrhagic change, necrosis, and apoptosis, which was more prominent in UTI (-/-) than in WT mice [71] In both genotypes of mice, interestingly, LPS/D-GalN challenge caused elevations of aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase, prolongation of the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and . Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Diseases 159 Antonio Ferrante and Charles Hii Part 9 Noninvasive Inflammatory Biomarkers 179 Chapter 9 A New Era for Assessing Airway Diseases: . INFLAMMATORY DISEASES – A MODERN PERSPECTIVE Edited by Amit Nagal Inflammatory Diseases – A Modern Perspective Edited by Amit Nagal Published by InTech Janeza. Milasin, Natasa Nikolic Jakoba, Dejan Stefanovic, Jelena Sopta, Ana Pucar, Vojislav Lekovic and Barrie E. Kenney Part 8 Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Disease 157 Chapter