1. Trang chủ
  2. » Luận Văn - Báo Cáo

Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)

139 0 0
Tài liệu đã được kiểm tra trùng lặp

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Tiêu đề Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Tác giả Phạm Hồng Sơn
Người hướng dẫn TS. Nguyễn Minh Long
Trường học Trường Đại học Bách Khoa
Chuyên ngành Kỹ thuật xây dựng
Thể loại Luận văn thạc sĩ
Năm xuất bản 2013
Thành phố Tp. Hồ Chí Minh
Định dạng
Số trang 139
Dung lượng 3,23 MB

Cấu trúc

  • 2.1.2 ĈһFWtQKFѫOêFӕW)53 (23)
  • 2.2. TÌNH HÌNH NG+,Ç1&Ӭ87+Ӵ&1*+,ӊ0Ӭ1*;Ӱ1Ӭ7'28Ӕ1 &Ӫ$'Ҫ0%Ç7Ð1*&Ӕ7)53 (0)
    • 2.3.1 CEB FIP Model Code 90 (1993) (30)
    • 2.3.3 Tiêu chuҭQ+RD.Ǥ$&, (0)
  • 3.2. é1*+Ƭ$1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 (41)
    • 3.2.1 éQJKƭDWKӵFWLӉQ (41)
    • 3.2.2 éQJKƭDNKRDKӑF (41)
  • 4.2. THÍ N*+,ӊ0.e275ѬӦ7&Ӕ77+e39ơ&Ӕ7*)53%21'-SLIP TEST) (0)
    • 4.3.8 ҦQKKѭӣQJFXѴDKDҒPOѭѫҕQJFӕWGӑFÿrғQNKDѴQăQJNKDғQJQѭғWFXѴDGkҒP . 58 4.4. .ӂ7 48Ҧ 9ơ 1+Ұ1 ;e7 7+ậ 1*+,ӊ0 .e2 75ѬӦ7 %21'-SLIP TEST) (0)
  • 5.3. Ĉӄ ;8Ҩ7 +ӊ 6Ӕ %ẩ0 'ậ1+ 9ơ +,ӊ8 &+ӌ1+ &é1* 7+Ӭ& &Ӫ$ $&,5&+275ѬӠ1*+Ӧ3&Ӕ7*)53&ẽ%ӄ0Һ73+81&ẩ7 (97)
    • 5.3.1 ĈӅ[XҩWKӋVӕEiPGtQKWKӵFQJKLӋPk b FKRFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQ cát (97)
  • 8.4. ĈһFWUѭQJKuQKKӑFYұWOLӋXFiFGҫPNLӇPFKӭQJ (136)

Nội dung

CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học: TS.. Nguyễn Minh Long Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1: Cán bộ chấm nhận

ĈһFWtQKFѫOêFӕW)53

VұW OLӋX)53EDRJӗP WKjQKSKҫQFKtQKFKҩWNӃWGtQKYjVӧL&KҩWNӃWGtQKÿѭӧF OjP Wӯ QKLӅX ORҥL QKӵD khác nhau QKѭ Hpoxy resins, polyester resins, vinylester resins; polyurethane resins, phenolic resinsQKѭQJVӱGөQJSKәELӃQQKҩWKLӋQQD\ là QKӵDpolyesterĈӕLYӟLVӧLÿk\OjWKjQKSKҫQchính WҥRQrQFiFÿһFWtQKFѫOê FKR)53YjFNJQJÿѭӧFOjPWӯQKLӅXORҥLYұWOLӋXNKiFQKDX+LӋQQD\FyORҥLVӧL ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ QKLӅX QKҩW Oj VӧL WKӫ\ WLQK JODVV), aramid (aramid) và cacbon (carbon) &iFORҥLVӧLÿѭӧF OLrQNӃWYӟLQKDXEҵQJFKҩWNӃWGtQKWҥRWKjQKFӕW)53 7\ WKHR ORҥL VӧL Pj )53 Fy WrQ JӑL NKiF QKDX QKѭ GFRP FӕW VӧL WKӫ\ WLQK, AFRP FӕWVӧLDUDPLG và CFRP FӕWVӧLFDFERQ

'RWKjQKSKҫQFҩXWҥRFӫDFӕW)53NKiFKҷQVRYӟLFӕWWKpSGүQWӟLÿһFWtQKFѫOê FӫDFӕW)53FNJQJNKiFELӋW1KuQFKXQJFiFORҥLFӕW)53ÿӅXFyP{-ÿXQÿjQKӗL WѭѫQJÿӕLWKҩSWURQJORҥLFӕWSKәELӃQ*)53&)53$)53WKuFӕW*)53FyP{- ÿXQÿjQKӗLWKҩSQKҩWFKӍGDRÿӝQJWӯWӟL*3DVDXÿyWӟLWӟL$)53WӯÿӃQ

125 GPaĈӕLYӟLFӕW&)53WKuFyP{-ÿXQÿjQKӗLFDRKѫQELӃQÿӝQJWӯÿӃQ

580 GPa (ACI 440.1R-06) ѬXYà nhѭӧF ÿiӇP FӫDFӕWFKӏXOӵF)53ÿѭӧFWKӕng kê trong %ҧQJ.&ӕW)53Fy WUӑQJOѭӧQJEҧQWKkQQKҽKѫQVRYӟLWKpSNKRҧQJ-OҫQ&өWKӇYӟLWUѭӡQJKӧSFӫD FӕW*)53FKӍFyWUӑQJOѭӧQJEҧQWKkQWӯÿӃQNJP 3 7UӑQJOѭӧQJULrQJ FӫDFiFORҥLFӕW)53ÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWҥL%ҧQJ

)53OjYұWOLӋXNK{QJÿҷQJKѭӟQJ&ӕW)53FyFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRWӕWKѫQVRYӟL FӕWWKpS&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFӫDFK~QJGDRÿӝQJWӯ 03DÿӃQ03DFӕW

&)531KѭQJFӕW)53FyFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLFӕWWKpS&ӕW)53

NK{QJFyӭQJ[ӱFKҧ\GҿR4XDQKӋJLӳDӭQJVXҩWYjELӃQGҥQJFӫDORҥLFӕW)53 ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWUrQHình 2.1

%ҧQJ1: Ѭu, nhѭӧF ÿiӇPFӕW)53(ACI 440.1R, 2006) ѬXÿLӇP 1KѭӧFÿLӇP

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFDR K{QJFKҧ\GҿRWUѭӟFNKLÿӭW

.K{QJEӏQKLӉPWӯ 'ӉEӏҧQKKѭӣQJSKiKӫ\OӟSNHRQӅQYjVӧL

EӣLEӭF[ҥFӵFWtPErQQJRjL ĈӝEӅQPӓLFDR &ѭӡQJÿӝWKHRSKѭѫQJQJDQJWKҩS

7UӑQJOѭӧQJQKҽEҵQJÿӃQ thép) ĈӝEӅQVӧLWKӫ\ WLQKWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJҭP UҩWWKҩS

DүQÿLӋQYjGүQQKLӋWWKҩSVӧL araPLGVӧLWKӫ\WLQK ĈӝEӅQFӫDVӧLWKӫ\WLQKYjVӧLaramid trong P{LWUѭӡQJDQN\OWKҩS

+ӋVӕGmQQӣYu QKLӋWFDR 'ӉFKi\

Hình 2.1: 4XDQKӋJLӳDӭQJVXҩWYjELӃQGҥQJ

0ӝWVӕWtQKFKҩWFѫEҧQFӫDFӕW)53ÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJ%ҧQJ

%ҧQJ2: 0ӝWVӕÿһFWtQKFѫEҧQFӫDFӕW)53Yà thép (ACI 440.1R 2006)

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpR (MPa) 483 - 690 483 - 1600 600 - 3690 1720 - 2540 Mô-ÿXQ ÿjQKӗL ×10 3 (MPa) 200 35 - 51 120 - 580 41 - 125

0ӝWVӕKuQKҧQKYӅFiFORҥLFӕW)53YjӭQJGөQJFӫDFK~QJWURQJ[k\GӵQJÿѭӧF WKӇKLӋQTXD Hình 2.2 ÿӃQ 2.6

Hình 2.2: 0ӝWVӕGҥQJFӕW)53(CEP-FIP 2007)

Hình 2.3: &ӕW*)53GQJWURQJVjQ7ұSÿRjQ[k\GӵQJ9HFWRU

Hình 2.4: &ӕW*)53VӱGөQJWURQJVjQFҫX± (Wotton, Quebec, Canada)

Hình 2.5: &ӕW*)53VӱGөQJWURQJVjQFҫX (Cookshire-Eaton ± Quebec, Canada)

0DVPRXGLYjFӝQJVӵÿmSKkQWtFKӭQJ[ӱQӭWGRXӕQFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW )530өFWLrXFӫDQJKLrQFӭXQKҵP ÿiQKJLiҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDKjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFVR ViQKӭQJ[ӱXӕQFӫDGҫP%7&7YӟLGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53YjÿӗQJWKӡL[k\GӵQJ P{KuQKWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫPFӕW)53GӵDWUrQWLrXFKXҭQ$&, ĈӅWjLWLӃQKjQKWKtQJKLӋPXӕQÿLӇPFKRPүXGҫPJӗPFyGҫPErW{QJFӕW các-ERQ &)53 Fy KjP OѭӧQJ FӕW GӑF WKD\ ÿәL OҫQ OѭӧW YjGҫP%7&7ÿӕLFKӭQJ7ҩWFҧFiFPүXGҫPÿӅXFyNtFKWKѭӟFKuQKKӑF QKѭQKDX×PP'ҫPVӱGөQJFӕWWKpSÿDLÿѭӡQJNtQKPPYjEѭӟFFӕW ÿDLPP%rW{QJGҫPFyFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQWӯ-52 MPa, mô-ÿXQÿjQKӗL[ҩS [ӍYj*3D&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFӫDFӕW&)53Oj03DP{-ÿXQÿjQ KӗLFӫDFӕW&)53Oj*3D&ăQFӭYjRNӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPWiFJLҧÿѭDUD QKӳQJNӃWOXұQVDXi) NKRҧQJFiFKYӃWQӭWWUXQJEuQKWURQJGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53 JLӕQJYӟLGҫPErW{QJFӕWWKpSWҥLFҩSWҧLWUӑQJWKҩS0uQKѭQJWҥLFҩSWҧL WUXQJ EuQK Yj FDR NKRҧQJ FiFK WUXQJ EuQK JLӳD FiF YӃW QӭW FKӍ EҵQJ VR YӟL GҫP %7&7 i ҧQK KѭӣQJ FӫD KjP OѭӧQJ FӕW GӑF ÿӃQ NKRҧQJ FiFK YӃW QӭW Oj NK{QJÿiQJNӇiEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWTXDQViWÿѭӧFWURQJGҫPFӕW)53JҩS ÿӃQOҫQVRYӟLGҫP%7&7YjYuYұ\EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWJLӟLKҥQWKHRWLrXFKXҭQFӫD

&DQDGD&6$YjWLrXFKXҭQ$&,-FKRNӃWFҩX%7&7WK{QJWKѭӡQJ NK{QJWKӇiSGөQJFKRNӃWFҩXErW{QJFӕW)53iEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWJLҧPNKLKjP OѭӧQJFӕWGӑF WăQJ iFy WKӇ VӱGөQJF{QJWKӭF FӫD*HUJHO\-Lutz (1973) ÿѭӧF KLӋXFKӍQKÿӇGӵÿRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWURQJGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53

Toutanji và Saafi (2000) WK{QJTXDWKӵFQJKLӋPWKӵFKLӋQNLӇPFKӭQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSWtQKEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53KLӋQFy&iFGҫPWKtQJKLӋP ÿѭӧF FKLD WKjQK QKyP Fy KjP OѭӧQJ FӕW *)53 NKiF QKDX Yj 7ҩWFҧ GҫPFyFQJ NtFKWKѭӟF WLӃWGLӋQợ PPYjFKLӅX GjLPPFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQErW{QJÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃOj f c ' 03D'ҫPÿѭӧFWKtQJKLӋPXӕQÿLӇP7ӯVӕOLӋXWKӵFQJKLӋPWKXÿѭӧFWiFJLҧVRViQKYӟLFiFNӃWTXҧWtQK

WRiQ Oê WKX\ӃW WKHR WLrX FKXҭQ $&, &iF WiF JLҧ ÿѭD UD NӃW OXұQ UҵQJ F{QJWKӭFGergely-/XW]KLӋXFKӍQKFKRNӃWTXҧGӵÿRiQWӕWEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWURQJ GҫP Er W{QJ FӕW *)53 Yj JLi WUӏ FӫDK g NK{QJ SKҧL Oj KҵQJ Vӕ Fy WKӇ EҵQJ

3HFFH Yj FӝQJ Vӵÿm WLӃQKjQKSKkQ WtFKWKӵF QJKLӋPӭQJ [ӱFӫD GҫPEr W{QJFӕWVӧLWKӫ\WLQK*)53FKӏXXӕQYjNLӇPFKӭQJPӝWVӕFiFF{QJWKӭFWtQK WRiQ EӅ UӝQJ YӃW QӭW KLӋQ Fy *DR Yj FӝQJ Vӵ Yj (XURFRGH 9ӟL SKѭѫQJSKiSWKtQJKLӋPXӕQÿLӇP3HFFHYjFӝQJVӵÿmWKtQJKLӋPWUrQPүX GҫPErW{QJFӕWVӧLWKӫ\WLQK*)537iFJLҧVӱGөQJFӕW*)53YӟLÿѭӡQJNtQK PPFKRFҧPүXGҫPYӟLVӕOѭӧQJWURQJFiFGҫPQKѭVDXGҫP)Yj GҫP )EӕWUtPPYjGҫP)EӕWUtPP 7URQJYQJFKӏXQpQFӫDWҩWFҧ FiFGҫPÿѭӧFEӕWUtPP; và GҫPVӱGөQJFӕWÿDLÿѭӡQJNtQKPPEѭӟF FӕWÿDLPP&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFӫDFӕW)53Oj03DYjP{-ÿXQÿjQKӗLFy JLiWUӏOj*3D&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQFӫDErW{QJOj03D0ӝWVӕNӃW OXұQÿm ÿѭӧFWiF JLҧÿѭD UDQKѭVDXiJLҧ WKLӃW Bernoulli WtQKSKҷQJFӫD WLӃWGLӋQYүQ ÿ~QJWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSGҫPFӕW)53iKӋVӕEiPGtQKk f WURQJP{KuQKFӫD*DR YjFӝQJVӵ FҫQÿѭӧF[HP[pWOҥL; và (3iF{QJWKӭFFӫD(& (1992)FKRNӃW TXҧWӕWYӅNKRҧQJFiFKYӃWQӭW

6DODNDZ\YjFӝQJVӵNKҧRViWӭQJ[ӱXӕQFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW&)53QKҵP ÿiQKJLiNKҧQăQJFKӏXWҧLFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW&)53YjÿӗQJWKӡLVRViQKNӃWTXҧWKӵFQJKLӋPYӟLKѭӟQJGүQWKLӃWNӃFӫD$&,57iFJLҧÿmWKtQJKLӋPWUrQPүXGҫPErW{QJEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSWKtQJKLӋPXӕQÿLӇP7URQJPүXGҫPÿyFyPүXGҫPVӱGөQJFӕW&)53YjPүXGҫPVӱGөQJFӕWWKpSWUX\ӅQWKӕQJ%ӅPһWFӕW&)53FyORҥLORҥLEӅPһWSKӫFiW YjORҥLEӅPһWFyJkQFy ÿѭӡQJNtQKOҫQOѭӧWOjPPYjPP.tFKWKѭӟFFӫDPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPOj ợPPGjLPP&iFPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFEӕWUtFӕWGӑFQKѭVDXEDPүXGҫPVӱGөQJFӕW&)53SKӫFiWÿѭӧFEӕWUtOҫQOѭӧWYjWKDQKEDPүXGҫPVӱGөQJFӕW&)53FyEӅPһWFyJkQFNJQJÿѭӧFEӕWUtYjWKDQK7URQJKDLPүXFzQOҥLPӝWPүXGҫPÿѭӧFEӕWUtFӕWFӕWWKpSPPYjPӝWPүXGҫPEӕ

WUtFӕWFӕWWKpSPP&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQFӫDErW{QJFyJLiWUӏWӯÿӃQ 44,8 MPa, mô-ÿXQÿjQKӗLErW{QJYjRNKRҧQJÿӃQ*3D&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏX NpRFӫDFӕW&)53Oj03DÿӕLYӟLEӅPһWSKӫFiWYjEҵQJ03DÿӕLYӟL FӕW&)53EӅPһWFyJӡ0ӝWVӕNӃWOXұQÿѭӧFU~WUDQKѭVDXLWURQJJLӟLKҥQVӱ GөQJӭQJ[ӱFӫDGҫPVӱGөQJFӕW&)53FyEӅPһWSKӫFiWYjFӕW &)53EӅPһWFy JӡJҫQJLӕQJQKDXLNKLWăQJKjPOѭӧQJFӕW&)53WKrPYjEӅUӝQJ YӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWJLҧP[ҩS[ӍOҫQOѭӧWYjLFiFORҥLFӕW)53FyWKӇWKD\ WKӃFKRFӕWWKpSWK{QJWKѭӡQJNKLVӱGөQJYӟLNӃWFҩXErW{QJ

Toutanji và Deng NKҧRViWӭQJ[ӱQӭWGRXӕQFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53 0өFWLrXWKtQJKLӋPQKҵPNLӇPFKӭQJOҥLJLiWUӏWKӵFQJKLӋPYӟLQKӳQJJLiWUӏGӵ ÿRiQFӫDFiFP{KuQKWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWÿmÿѭӧFÿӅ[XҩW.tFKWKѭӟFPһWFҳW WLӃWGLӋQGҫPOj×300 mm YjGҫPFyFKLӅXGjLOjPP6ӕOѭӧQJFӕW*)53 ÿѭӧF Eӕ WUt WURQJ FiF GҫP OҫQ OѭӧW Oj WKDQK KjP OѭӧQJ WKDQK KjP OѭӧQJYjWKDQKKjPOѭӧQJ.ӃWTXҧFKRWKҩ\ÿӕLYӟLGҫPÿһW OӟSFӕW)53F{QJWKӭFFӫD$&,5-GӵÿRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWѭѫQJÿӕLViW YӟLWKӵFQJKLӋPWX\QKLrQÿӕLYӟLGҫPFyFӕW)53ÿһWWKjQKOӟSF{QJWKӭFWtQK FӫD$&,5-FKRNӃWTXҧQKӓKѫQWKӵFQJKLӋP1JRjLUDWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧS Qj\NKLWKD\WKӃKӋVӕk b WӯEҵQJF{QJWKӭFFӫD$&,5-FKRNӃWTXҧ GӵÿRiQFKtQK[iF

Salib và Abdel-6D\HG ÿm WLӃQ KjQK NKҧR ViW WKӵF QJKLӋP ӭQJ [ӱ QӭW FӫDGҫPErW{QJFKӳ7FӕW&)53YjNLӇPFKӭQJFiFF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJNKHQӭWÿmFy+DLGҫPJLӕQJQKDXYӅNtFKWKѭӟFKuQKKӑFQKѭQJFyOӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋNKiFQKDXOҫQOѭӧWOjPPFKRGҫPYjPPFKRGҫPĈLӇPÿһWOӵFFӫDGҫPOjKDLOӵFWұSWUXQJÿӕL[ӭQJQKDXYjÿLӇPÿһWOӵFFӫDGҫPOjOӵFWұSWUXQJWҥLJLӳDQKӏS&ҧKDLGҫPÿӅXÿѭӧFEӕWUtFӕW&)53ÿѭӡQJNtQKPPQKѭQJGҫP kK{QJÿѭӧFEӕWUtFӕWÿDLWURQJNKLGҫPÿѭӧFEӕWUtFӕWWKpSÿDLYӟLÿѭӡQJNtQKPP6DXNKLSKkQWtFKWKӵFQJKLӋPWiFJLҧÿѭDUDFiFNӃWOXұQVDXiFyWKӇKLӋXFKӍQKF{QJ WKӭF WtQKEӅ UӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫD GҫP%7&7ÿӇ WtQKEӅ UӝQJYӃWQӭWFKRGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53iNӃWTXҧWtQKEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWÿӕLYӟLF{QJWKӭFÿӅ[XҩWNKL

TÌNH HÌNH NG+,Ç1&Ӭ87+Ӵ&1*+,ӊ0Ӭ1*;Ӱ1Ӭ7'28Ӕ1 &Ӫ$'Ҫ0%Ç7Ð1*&Ӕ7)53

CEB FIP Model Code 90 (1993)

CEB-FIP Model Code 90 (1993) ÿѭDUDF{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGӵDYjR P{KuQKNpRÿѫQWUөFQKѭVDX k , ax s w l s m H sm H cm H c (2.1) 7URQJÿy İ cm - ELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKFӫDErW{QJWURQJÿRҥQ l s,max; İ sm - ELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKFӫDWKpSWURQJÿRҥQ l s,max; İ cs - ELӃQGҥQJFӫDErtông do co ngót; l s,max - FKLӅXGjLFӫDSKҫQWUѭӧW[ҧ\UDJLӳDErW{QJYjWKpSPP

*LiWUӏQj\ÿѭӧFWtQKQKѭVDX

7UѭӡQJKӧS YӃWQӭWÿѫQU V s ,ef s 2 f ctm ( )(1t D U e s ,ef ):

YӟLf ctm - FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRWUXQJEuQKWҥLWKӡLÿLӇPWNKLYӃWQӭW[XҩWKLӋQ

U A - KjPOѭӧQJFӕWWKpSKLӋXTXҧ

A c - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDErW{QJWURQJYQJNpR

V s - ӭQJVXҩWFӫDWKpSWҥLWKӡLÿLӇPQӭW

D e - WӹVӕJLӳDP{-ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫDWKpSYӟLPRGXQÿjQKӗLFӫDErW{QJ IJ bk - FѭӡQJÿӝӭQJVXҩWEiPGtQKWUXQJEuQKÿѭӧFFKӑQWKHR%ҧQJ s - ÿѭӡQJNtQKWUXQJEuQKFӫDFӕWWKpSKD\ÿѭӡQJNtQK WѭѫQJÿѭѫQJFӫDEy thép

7UѭӡQJKӧSÿDYӃWQӭWU V s ,ef s 2 ! f ctm ( )(1t D U e s ,ef )):

(b) ;iFÿ͓QKKL XV͙EL͇QG̩QJWUXQJEuQKFͯDWKpSYjErW{QJWURQJYQJ l s,max sm cm s2 sr sr1 s2 sr2 İ İ İ ȕǻİ ȕİ İ ȕİ (2.4) sr sr2 sr1 ǻİ İ İ ; sr2 ctm e e,ef s,ef s f t İ Į ȡ ȡ ( tURQJÿy İ s2 - ELӃQGҥQJWKpSWҥLYӏWUtQӭW İ sr2 - ELӃQGҥQJWKpSWҥLYӏWUtQӭWGѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫDOӵFJk\UDӭQJVXҩWf cm(t) trong GLӋQWtFK A c,eff; ȕ - KӋVӕWKӵFQJKLӋP ÿӇÿiQKJLiELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKWURQJÿRҥQ l s,maxOҩ\ theo %ҧQJ;

13 f ctm(t) - FѭӡQJÿӝ FKӏXNpR trung bình FӫDErW{QJ WҥLWKӡLÿLӇPWNKLYӃWQӭW[XҩW KLӋQ

Hình 2.7: Các ELӃQGҥQJÿӇWtQKNKRҧQJFiFKQӭWYjELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQK

7UѭӡQJKӧS 1ӭWÿѫQ ĈDYӃWQӭW ȕ IJbk ȕ IJbk

7LrXFKXҭQ&KkXặXFNJQJGӵDWUrQP{KuQKFӫD&,%-FIP 90 (1993) ÿӇ[iFÿӏQKEӅ UӝQJYӃWQӭWQKѭQJNK{QJWtQKÿӃQELӃQGҥQJGRFRQJyWFӫDErW{QJ, F{QJWKӭFFy GҥQJ QKѭVDX

,max s r - NKRҧQJFiFKOӟQQKҩWJLӳDYӃWQӭW

H sm - biӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQK FӫDFӕWWKpS

H cm - ELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKFӫDErW{QJJLӳDFiFYӃWQӭW

(a) ;iFÿ͓QKKL XV͙EL͇Q G̩QJ JLͷDWKpSYjErW{QJ

7URQJF{QJWKӭF İsm - İcmÿѭӧF tính QKѭVDX

0,6 ct eff s t e p eff s eff s sm cm s s f t k

7URQJÿy ı s - ӭQJVXҩWNpRFӫDFӕWWKpSNKLWLӃWGLӋQEӏQӭWWUѭӡQJKӧSErW{QJ8/7WKu WKD\ıs EҵQJǻıp - ÿӝWKD\ÿәLӭQJVXҩWWURQJFiS8/7ÿѭӧFWtQKWӯPӕFELӃQ GҥQJ FӫD Er W{QJ EҵQJ NK{QJ WҥL WUөF WUӑQJ WkP FӫD FiS (JLDL ÿR̩Q decompression) e E E s / cm

A c,eff - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDErW{QJWURQJYQJNpRWtQKWѭѫQJWӵ&(%-FIB

A p - GLӋQWtFKFӫDWKpSFăQJWUѭӟFKD\VDXWURQJ$c,eff, mm 2 ȟ 1 - KӋVӕÿLӅXFKӍQKFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKNӇÿӃQYLӋFNKiFQKDXFӫDÿѭӡQJNtQK thép: 1 s p

QӃXFKӍFyFiS8/7WKuȟ ȟ 1 ȟ - KӋ Vӕ NӇ ÿӃQ FѭӡQJ ÿӝ EiP GtQK FӫD WKpS ӭQJ OӵF WUѭӟF [iF ÿӏQK WKHR

%ҧQJ4 s - ÿѭӡQJNtQKFӕW WKpSOӟQQKҩWFӫDWKpSFKӏXOӵF p - ÿѭӡQJNtQKKRһFÿѭӡQJNtQKWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJWKpSӭQJOӵFWUѭӟF k t - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQҧQKKѭӣQJFӫD\ӃXWӕGjLKҥQKD\QJҳQKҥQFӫDWҧL WUӑQJWҧLQJҳQKҥQk t 0,6WҧLGjLKҥQk t 0,4)

&ӕWWUѫQYjWKpSVӧL Không iSGөQJ 0,3 0,15

(b) ;iFÿ͓QKNKR̫QJFiFKQͱWOͣQQK̭Ws r,max b1) 1ӃXNKRҧQJFiFKJLӳDKDLFӕW WKpSFKӏXOӵFWURQJYQJNpR 5 c 2 Đ ã d ăâ áạ r,max 3 1 2 4 / p,eff s k c k k k U (2.7) b1ӃXNKRҧQJFiFJLӳDKDLFӕWWKpSFKӏXOӵFWURQJYQJNpR 5 c 2 Đ ã

YӟL: c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋÿӕLYӟLFӕWWKpSGӑF

- ÿѭӡQJNtQKFӕW thép Trong WUѭӡQJKӧSFyQKLӅXFӕWWKpSYjFyÿѭӡQJNtQK NKiFQKDXWKuSKҧLTX\ÿәLFӕWÿѭӡQJNtQKWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJ eq ÿӇWtQKWRiQ ÿӕLYӟL WLӃWGLӋQcó n 1 FӕWÿѭӡQJNtQK 1 và 2 FӕWÿѭӡQJNtQK 2 thì:

(k 1 = 0.8 YӟLFӕWFyÿӝEiPGtQKFDR k 1 = 1.6 YӟLFӕWWKpSWUѫQ k 2 - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQVӵSKkQEӕFӫDELӃQGҥQJ

( k 2 = 0.5 YӟLFҩXNLӋQXӕQ k 2 = 1.0 YӟLFҩXNLӋQFKӏXNpRKRjQWRjQ

Trong tUѭӡQJKӧSNpROӋFKWkPKRһFSKkQEӕELӃQGҥQJFөFEӝk2 İ1İ2İ1 )

H1, H 2 - ELӃQGҥQJNpROӟQQKҩWYjQKӓQKҩW WҥLELrQFӫDWLӃW GLӋQ[HP[pWGӵD

WUrQWLӃWGLӋQQӭt k 3, k 4 - KӋVӕOҩ\OҫQOѭӧWOjYj

Hình 2.8: %ӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWw WURQJWLӃWGLӋQFҩXNLӋQ 2.3.3 Tiêu FKXҭQ+RD.Ǥ$&, 318, 1995)

ACI 318 (1995) JLӟL WKLӋX F{QJ WKӭF WtQK EӅ UӝQJ YӃW QӭW FKR GҫP %7&7 WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ GӵDWUrQP{KuQKWKӵFQJKLӋPFӫDGergely ± Lutz (1973) QKѭVDX

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWLQ d c - FKLӅXGj\EҧRYӋWӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJ ÿӃQWkPFӕWWKpSJҫQQKҩWLQ ȕ - WӍVӕJLӳDNKRҧQJFiFKWӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQPһWFKӏXNpRYjNKRҧQJ cách

WӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQWUӑQJWkPOӟSWKpS, in f s - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJWKpSNVL

A - GLӋQtích YQJErW{QJFKӏXNpRFKLDFKRVӕFӕW thép trong vùng FKӏXNpR in 2

A- 7UөFWUXQJKzD B- 0һWErW{QJFKӏXNpR C- KRҧQJFiFKQӭWWKHR D- KRҧQJFiFKQӭWWKHR

$&,5ÿӅ[XҩWF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFKRFҩXNLӋQFKӏXXӕQEr

W{QJFӕW)53GӵDWUrQF{QJWKӭFFӫD$&,[pWWKrPKӋVӕNӇÿӃQVӵNKiF

ELӋWYӅÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YӟLErW{QJVRYӟLFӕWWKpSWUX\ӅQWKӕQJ&{QJ

WKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFyGҥQJQKѭVDX

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPm d c - FKLӅXGj\EҧRYӋWӯWKӟ FKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW)53 JҫQQKҩW mm k b - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQPӭFÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YjErW{QJÿӕLYӟLFӕW)53

FyEiPGtQKNpPKѫQWKpSNb >ÿӕLYӟLFӕW)53FyEiPGtQKWӕWKѫQWKpS kb QӃXNK{QJFyJLiWUӏWKӵFQJKLӋPQrQOҩ\EҵQJ

E - WӍ Vӕ JLӳD NKRҧQJ FiFK Wӯ PһW WUXQJ KzD ÿӃQ PһW FKӏX NpR Yj NKRҧQJ FiFKWӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQWUӑQJWkPOӟSFӕW)53 f f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)5303D

A - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDYQJErW{QJ[XQJTXDQKFӕW)53, mm 2

6RYӟLKѭӟQJGүQWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫD$&,5KѭӟQJGүQFӫD

ACI 440.1R (2006FyVӵNKiFELӋWOӟQ+ѭӟQJGүQWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫD

ACI 440.1R (2006) NK{QJGӵDYjRP{KuQKSKkQWtFKWKӵFQJKLӋPFӫD Gergely ±

/XW]PjGӵDWUrQP{KuQKYұWlý FӫD)URVFK(1999) UӗLQKkQWKrPKӋVӕEiP

GtQKGRVӵNKiFELӋWYӅÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW )53YӟLErW{QJVRYӟLFӕW FӕWWKpS

E Ek d ă á Đ ã â ạ (2.12) WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP

18 d c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋWtQKWӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW )53JҫQQKҩWPP s - NKRҧQJFiFKJLӳDFiFFӕW)53PP k b - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQPӭFÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YjErW{QJFӕW)53FyEiP GtQK NpP KѫQ WKpSk b ! FӕW )53 Fy EiP GtQK WӕW KѫQ WKpSk b QӃX NK{QJFyVӕOLӋXWKӵFQJKLӋP k b =1,4)

E - WӍVӕJLӳDNKRҧQJFiFKWӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQPһWFKӏXNpRYjNKRҧQJFiFK

WӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQWUӑQJWkPOӟSFӕW)53 f f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)5303D

2.4.3 &{QJWKӭFWtQKFӫD Faza và GangaRao (1993)

Faza và GangaRao (1993) ÿm ÿӅ [XҩWF{QJ WKӭF WtQKEӅ UӝQJYӃWQӭWGӵD YjR P{ KuQK YұW Oê WKHR ÿy EӅ UӝQJ YӃW QӭW FӫD FҩX NLӋQ FKӏX XӕQ Er W{QJ FӕW )53 SKө WKXӝFYjRELӃQGҥQJOӟQQKҩWFӫDFӕW)53YjFKLӅXGjLÿRҥQWUѭӧWFӫDFӕW)53WURQJ ErW{QJF{QJWKӭFFyGҥQJQKѭVDX

W - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWLnch f t ' 7,5 f c '

' f c - FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQFӫDErW{QJWҥLQJj\SVL

D - ÿѭӡQJNtQKFӫDFӕW FRP, inch

P m - ӭQJVXҩWEiPGtQKOӟQQKҩWSVL f fs - ӭQJVXҩWOӟQQKҩWWURQJFӕW)53WҥLFҩSWҧLWUӑQJVӱGөQJNVL

E f - mô-ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫDFӕW)53NVL

A - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDYQJErW{QJ[XQJTXDQKFӕW)53, in 2

7ѭѫQJWӵQKѭF{QJWKӭFFӫD$&,503)F{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJNKH QӭWFӫD,6,6FNJQJGӵDYjRF{QJWKӭFFӫD*HUJHO\± Lutz (1973), tuy nhiên FyWKrPSKҫQÿLӅXYuVӵNKiFELӋWEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YjErW{QJVRYӟLFӕWWKpS YjErW{QJ&{QJWKӭFFyGҥQJVDX

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP d c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋWtQKWӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW

A - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧYQJErW{QJFKӏXNpRPP 2 k b - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQPӭFÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YjErW{QJFӕW)53FyEiP

GtQK NpP KѫQ WKpSk b ! FӕW )53 Fy EiP GtQK WӕW KѫQ WKpSk b QӃX NK{QJFyVӕOLӋXWKӵFQJKLӋPk b = 1,2)

E - WӍVӕJLӳDNKRҧQJFiFKWӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQPһWFKӏXNpRYjNKRҧQJFiFK

WӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQWUӑQJWkPOӟSFӕW)53 f f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)5303D

'ӵDWUrQQӅQWҧQJFӫD&(%-FIP Model Code 90 (1993), c{QJWKӭF WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJ YӃWQӭW WURQJKѭӟQJGүQCNR DT-203 (2006) FӫDé FyGҥQJQKѭVDX k rm fm w E s H (2.15)

U (2.17) tURQJÿy w k - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP

E 1,7 - QӭWGRWҧLWUӑQJ s rm - NKRҧQJFiFKWUXQJEuQKJLӳDKDLYӃWQӭWPP İ fm - ELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKFӫDFӕW)53 ı f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)5303D

E f - mô-ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫDFӕW)5303D ı fr - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)53 WҥLWKӡLÿLӇP[XҩWKLӋQYӃWQӭWÿҫXWLrQ, MPa

E ÿӕLYӟLWҧLWUӑQJQJҳQKҥQE 2 0,5 ÿӕLYӟLWҧLWUӑQJGjLKҥQKRһFWҧLWUӑQJ OһS d b - ÿѭӡQJNtQKFӕW FRP, mm; ȡ r - KӋVӕKjPOѭӧQJҧQKKѭӣQJPP f c,eff r

A c,eff - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDErW{QJWURQJYQJNpRWtQKWѭѫQJWӵ&(%-FIB

MC 90), mm 2 k 1 - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQÿһFWtQKEiPGtQKFӫDFӕW)53k 1 = 1,6; k 2 - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQVӵSKkQEӕFӫDELӃQGҥQJ

( k 2 = 0.5 YӟLFҩXNLӋQXӕQ k 2 = 1.0 YӟLFҩXNLӋQFKӏXNpRKRjQWRjQ

DӵDWUrQQӅQWҧQJF{QJWKӭFFӫD*HUJHO\± Lutz (1973), Toutanji và Saafi ÿmKLӋX FKӍQKOҥLF{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFKRFӕW)53EҵQJFiFK[pWWKrPҧQK KѭӣQJFӫDKjPOѭӧQJFӫDFӕW)53F{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWQKѭVDX

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP d c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋWtQKWӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW )53JҫQQKҩWPP h 1 - NKRҧQJFiFKWӯWkPFӕW)53WURQJYQJFKӏXNpRWӟLWUөFWUXQJKzDPP

21 h 2 - NKRҧQJFiFKWӯELrQQJRjLFQJYQJFKӏXNpRWӟLWUөFWUXQJKòa, mm

U f - KjPOѭӧQJFӫDFӕW)53 f f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕW)5303D

A - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧvùng bê tông FKӏXNpR, mm 2

2.4.7 &{QJWKӭFWtQKFӫD6DOLEYj$EGHO-Sayed (2004)

Salib và Abdel-6D\HGGӵDWUrQF{QJWKӭFWKӵFQJKLӋPFӫD*HUJHOy ± Lutz (1973) QKѭQJFy[pWWKrPҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKFӕW)53YjӭQJVXҩW EiPGtQKFӫDFӕW)53ÿӃQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWF{QJWKӭFFӫDSalib và Abdel-6D\HGÿӅ [XҩWQKѭVDX

E u E Đ ã u ăăâ ááạ (2.19) Thay E s 29000ksi YjRF{QJWKӭF

, u b s và u b f , - FѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKFӫDWKpSYjFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKFӫDFӕW)53

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP d c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋtính WӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW )53JҫQQKҩWPP

' f c - FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏX QpQFӫDErW{QJWҥLngày, MPa f f - ӭQJVXҩWOӟQQKҩWFӫDFӕW)5303a

A - GLӋQWtFKKLӋXTXҧFӫDYQJErW{QJ[XQJTXDQKFӕW)53, mm 2

Tiêu chuҭQ+RD.Ǥ$&,

'ӵD YjR WәQJ TXDQ QJKLrQ FӭX ÿm WUuQK Ej\ WURQJ &KѭѫQJ ÿӅ WjL ÿһW UD QKӳQJ PөFWLrXQJKLrQFӭXVDX x Khҧo sát và phâQWKӵFQJKLӋPҧnh hѭӣQJ FӫDKjPOѭӧQJFӕW*)53ÿӃQӭQJ[ӱ QӭWGRXӕQNKRҧQJFiFKFӫDFiFYӃWQӭWYjEӅUӝQJNKHQӭWFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW GFRP chӏX tҧi ngҳn hҥQ; x LӇPFKӭQJOҥLWtQKFKtQK[iFFiFF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDGҫPEr W{QJFӕW)53WURQJPӝWVӕKѭӟQJGүQWtQKWRiQKLӋQFy x ĈӅ[XҩWKӋVӕEiPGtQKWKӵFQJKLӋPSKөFYөFKRWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJNKHQӭWFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53FyEӅ PһWSKXQFiWGӵDWUrQNӃWTXҧWKӵF QJKLӋPFӫDQJKLrQFӭXÿmFy YjFKѭѫQJWUuQKWKӵFQJKLӋPWӯFKtQKQJKLrQFӭXQj\.

é1*+Ƭ$1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8

éQJKƭDWKӵFWLӉQ

6ӱ GөQJ FӕW )53 OjP FӕW FKӏX OӵF FKR NӃW FҩX Er W{QJ Oj JLҧL SKiS NKҧ WKL JLҧLTX\ӃWÿѭӧFWULӋWÿӇYҩQÿӅăQPzQFӫDFӕWWKpSWUX\ӅQWKӕQJTXDÿyJL~SQkQJFDRWXәL WKӑ FӫD F{QJ WUuQK 1JRjL UD YӟL QKӳQJ ÿһF WtQK QәL EұW QKѭ Fy NKӕL OѭӧQJULrQJQKҽFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFDRNK{QJEӏQKLӉPWӯYjÿһWELӋWOjNKҧQăQJWӵQӝLVRLQKӡYjR NKҧ QăQJOӗQJJKpS FiF FҧPELӃQVӧLTXDQ YjR ErQ WURQJFӕW*)53 ÿѭӧFÿiQK JLiOjPӝWGҥQJFӕWFKӏXOӵFWK{QJPLQKYjÿһFELӋWFyêQJKƭDWURQJF{QJWiFFKăPVyFVӭFNKӓHF{QJWUuQKYjEҧRWUuYuJL~SFKRFiFF{QJWiFQj\WUӣQrQGӉGjQJFKtQK[iFYjWLӃWNLӋPKѫQ

éQJKƭDNKRDKӑF

+ӋVӕEiPGtQK (k b FyYDLWUzÿһFELӋWTXDQWUӑQJWURQJFiFF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJ NKHQӭWGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53KLӋQQD\GRFiFF{QJWKӭFQj\ÿѭӧF[k\GӵQJKҫX QKѭGӵDWUrQF{QJWKӭFFӫD%7&7+ӋVӕQj\WKӇKLӋQVӵNKiFQKDXYӅÿӝEiPGtQK JLӳDFӕW)53YjFӕWWKpSYӟLErW{QJ+LӋQQD\YүQFKѭDFyP{KuQK[iFÿӏQKPӝW FiFKFKtQK[iF JLiWUӏFӫDKӋVӕQj\ĈӇSKөFYөFKRYLӋFWtQKWRiQ$&,5 FyÿѭDUDPӝWELrQÿӝJLiWUӏ NKiUӝQJ PDQJQKLӅXPjXVҳFÿӏQKWtQKFKRKӋ VӕQj\GӵDWUrQPӝWVӕFiFQJKLrQFӭXWKӵFQJKLӋPÿmFyTuy nhiên, mӝWQJKLrQ FӭXJҫQÿk\FNJQJFKӍUDUҵQJKӋVӕEiPGtQKPj$&,5NKX\ӃQFiRVӱ GөQJFKѭDWKұWVӵFKtQK[iF%DUULVYjFӝQJVӵ4XDWKtQJKLӋPQj\PӝWKӋ

Vӕ EiP GtQK FKR FӕW *)53 Fy EӅ PһW ÿѭӧF SKXQ FiW ORҥL FӕW *)53 WK{QJ GөQJ QKҩWKLӋQQD\VӁÿѭӧFÿӅ[XҩW+ӋVӕQj\FyWKӇJL~SFKRYLӋFGӵÿRiQEӅUӝQJYӃW QӭWFӫDGҫPKRһFVjQErW{QJFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKӫFiWÿѭӧFFKtQK[iFKѫQ

7UrQFѫVӣFiFPөFWLrXÿmÿһWUDÿӅWjLWLӃQKjQKWKӵFKLӋQ FiFQӝLGXQJFKtQKVDX x /ұSFKѭѫQJWUuQKNKҧRWKӵF nghiӋP 8 mүX dҫP ErW{QJFӕW*)53 YjPүX GҫP%7&7ÿӕLFKӭQJFyFQJNtFKWKѭӟFKuQKKӑFYjFó hàm lѭӧQJ cӕW GӑF FKӏXNpRWKD\ÿәL OҫQOѭӧWYj x /ұSWUѭѫQJWUuQKNKҧRViWWKӵFQJKLӋPPүXWKӱErW{QJFӕW*)53YjEr W{QJFӕWWKpSÿӕLFKӭQJÿѭӡQJNtQKPPYjPPQKҵPTXDQViWӭQJ[ӱ EiPGtQKFӫDFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQFiWVRYӟLFӕWWKpS x ĈRÿҥFYjWKLӃW lұS các mӕL quan hӋ OӵF vӟL FKX\ӇQ YӏP-įTXDQKӋ P{- PHQYӟLÿӝFRQJ(M-ij), quan hӋ OӵFYӟL bӅ rӝQJ vӃW nӭt (P-wTXDQKӋOӵF YӟLELӃQGҥQJFӫDErW{QJYjWKpSKuQKWKiLYӃWQӭWYjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDGҫP NKLKjPOѭӧQJFӕW*)53WKD\ÿәL x ĈiQKJLiҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDKjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFFKӏXNpRÿӃQKuQKWKiLYӃWQӭWNKҧQăQJNKiQJ QӭWNKRҧQJFiFKOӟQQKҩWJLӳDKDLYӃWQӭWEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53YjVRViQKYӟLGҫP%7&7WUX\ӅQWKӕQJ

24 x LӇPFKӭQJOҥLFác F{QJWKӭFWíQKEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫPErW{QJFӕW)53ÿm FyQKұQ[pWYjÿiQKJLiPӭFÿӝFKtQK[iFFӫDWӯQJF{QJWKӭFGӵDWUrQNӃW TXҧWKӵFQJKLӋPWӯQJKLrQFӭXQj\YjFӫDFiFWiFJLҧNKiF x ĈӅ[XҩWKӋVӕEiPGtQKWKӵFQJKLӋPSKөFYөFKRWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJNKHQӭW FӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQFiWGӵDWUrQNӃWTXҧWKӵFQJKLӋP FӫDQJKLrQFӭXQj\YjFӫDFiFWiFJLҧNKác; x LӇPFKӭQJOҥLFiFF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJNKHQӭWGR$&,5ÿӅ[XҩW Fy [pW ÿӃQ KӋ Vӕ EiP GtQK ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӅ [XҩW GӵD WUrQ NӃW TXҧ WKӵFQJKLӋP

Bê t{QJVӱGөQJWURQJWKtQJKLӋPJӗPFiFWKjQKSKҫQVDX ;LPăQJ+ROFLP3&, ciWWӵQKLrQ, ÿi×2, YjSKөJLDAT2000 9ӟLÿӝEӅQWKLӃWNӃOj%FKLWLӃWFҩS SKӕLÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJ%ҧQJ4.1

%ҧQJ1: &KLWLӃWFҩSSKӕLErW{QJ

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQYjFKӏXNpRFӫDErW{QJÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKGӵDYjRWKtQJKLӋPPүX KuQK OăQJ WUө Fy NtFK WKѭӟF ợ PP Ĉӝ VөW FӫD Er W{QJ ÿѭӧF WKLӃW NӃ YjR NKRҧQJP

/ҩ\PүXKuQKOăQJWUөYӟLPүXGQJÿӇ[iFÿӏQKFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ f c ' và 3 PүX GQJ ÿӇ WKt QJKLӋP [iF ÿӏQK FѭӡQJ ÿӝ FKӏX NpR FKҿ ÿ{L f ct sp , ӃW TXҧ WKt QJKLӋPÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSYjR%ҧQJ

%ҧQJ2: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPQpQYjNpRPүXErW{QJ

&ѭӡQJÿӝ 0үX 0үX 0үX *LiWUӏ trung bình

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ f c ' (MPa) 20,9 23,8 26 23,57

Cát vàng 617 (kg) ĈiOӟQ[ 1176 (kg)

Hình 4.1: 7KtQJKLӋP [iFÿӏQKFѭӡQJÿӝErW{QJ: (a) nén GӑFWUөFb) NpRFKҿ

Hình 4.2: 0үXFӕW*)53GQJFKRWKtQJKLӋPQpQGӑFWUөF

Hình 4.3: 0үXWKtQJKLӋPGQJFKRWKtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFFӕW GFRP (b) &ӕWVӧLWKӫ\WLQKGFRP) ĈӇ[iFÿӏQKFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRYjELӃQGҥQJFӫDFӕW*)53WDWLӃQKjQKWKtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFPүXWKӱFӕW*)53WKHRWLrXFKXҭQASTM D-3916-94D (1996) Giá

WUӏ Vӱ GөQJ WtQK WRiQ JLi WUӏ WUXQJ EuQK FӫD PүX WKӱ Qj\ &iF EѭӟF WKt QJKLӋP ÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWURQJEҧQJVDX

%ҧQJ3: &iFEѭӟFWLӃQKjQKWKtQJKLӋP

- WKDQKVӧL WKӫ\WLQK*)53 ÿѭӡQJNtQKPP dài 700 mm

- ӕQJ QK{P UӛQJ Gҫ\ PP ÿѭӡQJ NtQK mm, dài 250 mm

- ĈһWWKDQK*)53YjRWkPӕQJQK{PYjÿ~QJYӟL FKLӅX GjL NKRҧQJ FiFK QHR OҫQ ÿѭӡQJ NtQK thanh);

- &KR NHR (SR[\ 6LNDGXU YjR ÿҫ\ ӕQJ QK{P YjJLӳWKDQK*)53FKRÿӃQNKLNHRFӭQJOҥL

- %ҧRTXҧQFiFWKDQK*)53ÿmÿѭӧFJҳQӕQJNLP ORҥL WURQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ QKLӋW ÿӝ SKzQJ WKt QJKLӋP trong vòng JLӡ

- ĈһW PүX WKt QJKLӋP YjR Pi\ NpR YӟL FKLӅX GjL QJjPPӛLÿҫXOjPP

- 7LӃQ KjQK WăQJ WҧL FKR ÿӃQ NKL WKDQK *)53 Eӏ SKiKRҥL

- %LӇX ÿӗ TXDQ KӋ JLӳD OӵF Yj ELӃQ GҥQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF Pi\WtQKYӁYjOѭXOҥL

Thanh GFRP ÿѭӧF VҧQ [XҩW EӣL &{QJ W\ 3XOWUDOO ӣ &DQDGD 9ӟL FiF WK{QJ Vӕ NӻWKXұWÿѭӧFWyPWҳWWURQJ%ҧQJ:

%ҧQJ4: 7K{QJVӕNӻWKXұWFӕW*)53ÿѭӧF FXQJFҩSWӯ QKjVҧQ[XҩW ĈѭӡQJNtQKFӕWGFRP (mm) 16

HàPOѭӧQJNHRNӃWGtQK9LQ\OHVWHU 35

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpR f fu * (MPa) 751

%LӃQGҥQJFӵFKҥQH * fu (Å) 1,56

Hình 4.4: tFKWKѭӟFPүXYjFKLӅXGjLQHRWKHRWLrXFKXҭQASTM D-3916-94D

.ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WҥL%ҧQJ.4:

%ҧQJ5: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRWKDQK*)53

&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpR f fu (MPa) 810,0 850,0 835,3 851,0 865,8 842,4

Hình 4.5: 7KtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFWKDQK*)53 YjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDQy (c) &ӕWWKpSGӑFFKӏXOӵF YjFӕWÿDL

6ӱGөQJFӕWWKpS3RPLQDFyWKӅPFKҧ\GӁRWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJnhóm thép C-,,7KpSGӑF FKӏXNpRFyÿѭӡQJNtQKPP7KpSFҩXWҥRFyÿѭӡQJNtQKPPYjFӕWÿDLFy ÿѭӡQJNtQKPP&ѭӡQJÿӝFKҧ\GҿRf y YjFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFӵFKҥQFӫDFӕWWKpS f u ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWӯJLiWUӏWUXQJEuQKFӫDPүXWKӱ WӯWKtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөF

%ҧQJ6: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPNpRPүXFӕWWKpS

&KѭѫQJ WUuQK WKӵF QJKLӋP ÿѭӧF WLӃQ KjQK WUrQ GҫP JӗP 8 GҫP Er W{QJ FӕWGFRP và 4 GҫP%7&7ÿӕLFKӭQJ CáFGҫPVӱGөQJErW{QJFyFҩSÿӝEӅQYjkích

WKѭӟFKuQKKӑFQKѭQKDXu250u3000 mmYjÿѭӧFFKLDOjPQKyP$%&Yj ' 0ӛL QKyP JӗP GҫP Er W{QJ FӕW )53 Yj GҫP %7&7 ÿӕL FKӭQJ YӟL KjP OѭӧQJFӕWGӑFFKӏXNpRQKѭQKDX&iFGҫPQKyP$%&Yj'FyKjPOѭӧQJFӕW GӑFOҫQOѭӧWOjYj7KpSÿDLÿѭӡQJNtQKPPtrong FiFGҫPÿѭӧF EӕWUtJLӕQJQKDXYӟLEѭӟFFӕWÿDLV = 200 mm ӣYQJJLӳDGҫPYjV

PP WURQJ YQJ JҫQ JӕL TKpS FҩX WҥR WURQJ PLӅQ QpQ ÿѭӧF Eӕ WUt WKDQK ÿѭӡQJNtQK2 mm (Hình 4.6)

Hình 4.7: 0һWFҳWQJDQJFӫDGҫPWKӱ

4.1.3 6ѫÿӗWKӱWҧLYjEӕWUtWKLӃWEӏÿRÿҥF

&iFGҫPÿѭӧFWKӱWҧLWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiSXӕQÿLӇP1KӏSWKӱWҧLFӫDGҫPOj00 PP9ӏWUtWӯÿLӇPÿһWOӵFÿӃQJӕLWӵDJҫQQKҩWEҵQJPPĈӝY}QJFӫDGҫP ÿѭӧFÿRWҥLFiFYӏWUtWiFGөQJOӵFYjFiFYӏWUtJӕLWӵDEҵQJFiFFKX\ӇQYӏNӃNӻ WKXұWVӕ/9'7Hình 4.10)

%LӃQGҥQJNpRFӫDFӕW*)53FӕWWKpSYjELӃQGҥQJQpQErW{QJÿѭӧFÿREҵQJFҧP ELӃQÿLӋQWUӣVWUDLQJDXJH± 6*&iFFҧPELӃQÿLӋQWUӣÿRELӃQGҥQJFӕW*)53Yj FӕWWKpSÿѭӧFGiQWUrQEӅPһWFӫDFK~QJWUѭӟFNKLÿ~FGҫP%LӃQGҥQJQpQFӫDEr W{QJÿѭӧFÿRGӑFWKHRFKLӅXFDRFӫDGҫPQKҵPWKHRG}LYj[iFÿӏQKVӵGӏFKFKX\ӇQ FӫDWUөFWUXQJKzD6ӕOѭӧQJYjYӏWUtGiQFiFFҧPELӃQÿLӋQWUӣFKRFӕWGӑFFӕW

*)53YjFӕWWKpSYjFKRErW{QJÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWURQJHình 4.8, 4.9 và 4.10 Các FҧPELӃQÿLӋQWUӣ6*YjFiFFKX\ӇQYӏNӃ/9'7ÿѭӧFQӕLWUӵFWLӃSYӟLKӋWKӕQJ WKX QKұQ Yj [ӱ Oê Vӕ OLӋX %Ӆ UӝQJ YӃW QӭW ÿѭӧF ÿR EҵQJ NtQK KLӇQ YL TXDQJ KӑF PLFURVFRSHYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWUXQJEuQKÿѭӧFÿREҵQJWKѭӟFÿRÿӝJLmQGjLNӻ WKXұWVӕGLJLWDGHIRUPHWHUGӵDYjRNKRҧQJFiFKFiFFKӕWÿӗQJÿmÿѭӧFEӕWUt

Hình 4.8: 6ѫÿӗWKӱWҧLYjEӕWUtFiFGөQJFөWKtQJKLӋP

Hình 4.9: 6ѫÿӗEӕWUtFiFVWUDLQJDXJH6*ÿRELӃQGҥQJNpRFӕWGӑFFKӏXOӵFFӫD

Hình 4.10: 6ѫÿӗEӕWUtFiFVWUDLQJDXJH6*ÿRELӃQGҥQJQpQErW{QJFӫDGҫPWKt

7UuQKWӵÿ~FPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKWKHRFiFEѭӟFVDX

%˱ͣF *LDF{QJOҳSGӵQJFӕWSKDFӕWWKpSYjFӕW*)53

%˱ͣF 7LӃQ KjQK GiQ FiF FҧP ELӃQ WUӣ 6* OrQ WUrQ EӅ PһW FӕW GӑF FKӏX OӵF

*)53YjFӕWWKpSWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDGҫP(Hình 4.9)FKXҭQEӏFiFGөQJFөQKѭ Pi\WUӝQErW{QJPi\ÿҫPGL[HUDYұQFKX\ӇQErW{QJYjNKX{QKuQK OăQJWUөợPPGQJÿӇOҩ\PүXWKtQJKLӋPQpQErW{QJ

%˱ͣF 7LӃQKjQKÿәErW{QJPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPYjOҩ\PүXOăQJWUөợ mm

%˱ͣF %mRGѭӥQJGҫPYjPүXKuQKOăQJWUө

&iFEѭӟFÿ~FPүXWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWӯHình 4.11 ÿӃQ 4.16

Hình 4.11: *LDF{QJOҳSGӵQJFӕW*)53YjFӕWWKpS

Hình 4.12: *LDF{QJOҳSGӵQJFӕWSKDFӕWWKpS

Hình 4.15: Công WiFGiQVWUDLQJDXJHYjREӅPһWGҫPWKtQJKLӋP

Hình 4.16: &{QJWiFFKXҭQEӏÿәErW{QJGҫPWKtQJKLӋP 4.1.5 4X\WUuQKWKtQJKLӋP

'ҫPWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFJLDWҧLEҵQJNtFKWKӫ\OӵF/DU]HS7VҧQ[XҩWWҥL7k\%DQ1KDWKHRWӯQJFҩSWҧLPӝWFKRÿӃQNKLEӏSKiKRҥLKRjQWRjQ*LiWUӏPӛL FҩSWҧLSKөWKXӝFYjRWUҥQJWKiLOjPYLӋFFӫDGҫPGiá WUӏPӛLFҩSWҧLVӁÿѭӧFWăQJOrQ5 N16DXPӛLFҩSWҧLVӁJLӳWҧLWURQJWKӡLJLDQNKRҧQJ3 phút QKҵPWҥRVӵәQÿӏQKFKRNӃWTXҧÿӇWLӃQKjQKÿREӅchX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJFӫDErW{QJFӕWthép KRһFFӕWGFRP) YjEӅ UӝQJNKHQӭWÿӗQJWKӡL JKLQKұQTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKYjSKiWWULӇQFӫDYӃWQӭW 7RjQEӝJLiWUӏÿRELӃQGҥQJErW{QJFӕWGӑFFӕW*)53YjFӕWWKpSFKX\ӇQ Yӏ FӫD GҫP ÿѭӧF WKX OҥL Yj [ӱ Oê WK{QJ TXD ÿӝ ÿҫX ÿR Nӻ WKXұW Vӕ 'DWD/RJJHU7'6NӃWQӕLYӟLPi\YLWtQK

Hình 4.17: %ӝWKXYj[ӱOêGӳOLӋXData Logger TDS303)

%ӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWÿѭӧFÿREҵQJNtQKO~STXDQKӑF0LFURVFRSHYjWKѭӟFÿRÿӝJLmQ dài Borletti ± 'HIRUPHWHUGRéVҧQ[XҩWWK{QJTXDFiFFKӕWÿӗQJÿѭӧFJҳQWUrQEӅ PһWFӫDGҫP

Hình 4.19: &{QJWiFÿREӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWEҵQJWKѭӟF%RUOHWWL± 'HIRUPHWHUYjEҵQJ kính lúp Microscope

&ҩSSKӕLYjYұWOLӋXErW{QJVӱGөQJWURQJWKtQJKLӋPWѭѫQJWӵQKѭWKtQJKLӋPGҫP ӣWUrQMөF

6ӱGөQJFӕWVӧLWKӫ\WLQK*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQFiWYjFӕWWKpSFyÿѭӡQJNtQK mm và 16 mm Hình 4.20 và Hình 4.21 &iFFӕW*)53YjFӕWKpSVӱGөQJWURQJWKt QJKLӋP ÿӅXFKXQJQKjVҧQ[XҩWYjFyFiFWK{QJVӕNӻWKXұWJLӕQJYӟLWKtQJKLӋP GҫP MөF

Hình 4.20: &ӕW*)53GQJFKRWKtQJKLӋPNpR± WUѭӧW

Hình 4.21: &ӕWWKpSGQJFKRWKtQJKLӋPNpR-WUѭӧW 4.2.2 0үXWKtQJKLӋPNpR

&KѭѫQJWUuQKWKtQJKLӋPNpR bond-slip FӕW*)53Yj WKpSÿѭӧFWLӃQ KjQK WUrQ 11 PүX JӗP5 PүXWKӱFӕW*)53 và 6 PүXWKӱFӕWWKpSFyÿѭӡQJNtQKPPYj

PP.tFKWKѭӟFPүXErW{QJÿӕLYӟLWKDQKÿѭӡQJNtQKOjợợPPYjÿӕL YӟLWKDQKÿѭӡQJNtQKPPOjợợPP

&KѭѫQJWUuQKWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQGӵDWUrQKѭӟQJGүQ$&I 440.3R4 (2004)

%r W{QJ KuQK NKӕL YX{QJ ÿѭӧF WҥR UD ÿӇ NpR WKDQK *)53 Yj WKpS NKӓL Er W{QJ

&KLӅXGjLÿRҥQ*)53YjWKpSÿѭӧFQHRWURQJErW{QJYӟLFKLӅXGjLL d = 5d b (Hình

4.22ӔQJ39&ÿѭӧFÿһWӣWUrQÿRҥQQHRQKҵPJLҧPWKLӇXFiFVӵFӕNK{QJPRQJ

PXӕQ OjPҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQÿӝEiPGtQKFӫDWKDQKYjErW{QJ

&iFPүXWKӱÿѭӧFWKtQJKLӋPWUrQPi\kéo INSTRON9jFiFWKLӃWEӏÿRFKX\ӇQYӏ ÿѭӧF JҳQ WUrQ ÿҫX P~W FӫD WKDQK ÿӇ ÿR FKX\ӇQ Eӏ JLӳD Er W{QJ Yj WKDQK +uQK

&KX\ӇQYӏÿѭӧFWKXOҥLYj[ӱOêWK{QJTXDÿӝÿҫXÿRNӻWKXұWVӕ'DWD/RJJHU 7'6NӃW QӕLYӟLPi\YLWtQK7ӕFÿӝJLDWҧLOjPPSK~W

7UuQKWӵÿ~FPүXWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKWKHRFiFEѭӟFVDX

%˱ͣF *LDF{QJOҳSGӵQJFӕWpha (Hình 4.24)

%˱ͣF 7LӃQKjQKFKXҭQEӏWKDQK*)53YjWKpSĈһWӕQJ39&YjRWKDQK*)53Yj thép (Hình 4.25 và 4.26)

%˱ͣF 7LӃQ KjQK ÿӏQK Yӏ Fӕ ÿӏQK WKDQK *)53 WKpS YjR WkP FӫD FӕW SKD JLӳ

%ҧQJ7: KêKLӋXFiFPүXWKӱvà ktFKWKѭӟFPүXErW{QJ

STT êKLӋXPүXWKӱ /RҥL thanh ĈѭӡQJ kính d b

tFKWKѭӟF PүXEr tông (mm)

&KLӅXGjL ÿRҥQQHR (mm)

Hình 4.22: &KLWLӃWvà NtFKWKѭӟFPүX Hình 4.23: %ӕWUtWKLӃWEӏÿRFKX\ӇQYӏ

Hình 4.24: *LDF{QJFӕWSKDYjFӕÿӏQKWKDQKWKpSYjWKDQK*)53

Hình 4.25: &{QJWiFÿәErW{QJGҫPWKtQJKLӋP

.ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGҫPÿѭӧFWәQJKӧS trong %ҧQJ8

4.3.1 +uQKWKiLYӃWQӭWYjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDFiFPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋP

+uQKWKiLYӃWQӭWYjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWURQJ các +uQK 4.27 ÿӃQ+uQK 4.30 4XD TXDQ ViW WKҩ\ UҵQJ KҫX KӃW FiF PүX GҫP WKtQJKLӋPFӕW*)53FyYӃWQӭWXӕQÿҫXWLrQ[XҩWKLӋQWҥLFҩSWҧLvào 7-12% JLiWUӏFҩSWҧi SKi KRҥLFӫD Qy ĈӕLYӟLFiF PүXGҫP%7&7ÿӕLFKӭQJ YӃW XӕQQӭWÿҫX WLrQ[XҩWKLӋQWҥLFҩSWҧLEҵQJ8-15% JLiWUӏFҩSWҧLSKiKRҥLFӫDQy 9ӏWUtYӃWQӭWÿҫXWLrQFӫD 12 PүXGҫPWKÕғQJKLr ҕPÿӅX[XkғWKLӋQWURQJYQJFKӏXXӕQFӫDGҫP QҵPJLӳD KDL ÿLӇP ÿһW OӵF Yj KuQK GҥQJ FӫD YӃW QӭW YX{QJ JyF YӟL FӕW GӑF FKӏX OӵF

(+uQK4.27 ÿӃQ +uQK4.30)7LӃSWөFWăQJWҧLEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWÿҫXWLrQSKiWWULӇQ ÿӗQJ WKӡL [XҩW KLӋQ WKrP QKLӅX YӃW QӭW khác WURQJ YQJ FKӏX XӕQ ÿRҥQ JLӳD KDL ÿLӇPÿһWOӵFYjlan sang nhӏSGҫPFҳW ÿRҥQWӯÿLӇPÿһWOӵFÿӃQJӕL WӵD) Quan sát FiFYӃWQӭWFӫDGҫPWKҩ\UҵQJVӕOѭӧQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDGҫP*)53ÿӅXOӟQ KѫQVRYӟLGҫPFӕWWKpS.LӇXSKiKRҥLFKӫÿҥRFӫDWҩWFҧFiFPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋP OjXӕQNӃWKӧSYӟLErW{QJEӏQpQYӥWҥLYQJQpQӣJLӳDQKӏSGҫP7UrQFiFGҫP

*)53[XҩWKLӋQFyYӃWQӭWWKHRGҥQJEyFWiFKÿӭWTXmQJFKҥ\VRQJVRQJGӑFWKHRFӕW*)53WURQJYQJXӕQWҥLFҩSWҧLWӯÿӃQJLiWUӏFӫDFҩSWҧLSKiKRҥL ĈLӅX Qj\ FKR WKҩ\Fy VӵWUѭӧWFӫD FӕW*)53WURQJ Er W{QJ1JX\rQ QKkQ FӫD VӵWUѭӧWFyWKӇJLҧLWKtFKOjGRVӵEiPGtQKFӫDFӕW*)53YӟLErW{QJNK{QJÿѭӧFWӕW

%ҧQJ8: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGҫP

(Å H cr,conc Å H cr,bar Å GFRP-A1-1,34 1,34 10 104 0,02 0,82 0,9 5,1 0,43 GFRP-A2-1,34 1,34 10 95 0,02 1,2 1,1 3,27 0,71 SA-1,34 1,34 15 100 0,02 0,3 1,3 3,87 0,57 GFRP-B1-2,01 2,01 10 105 0,02 0,72 0,9 5,04 0,2 GFRP-B2-2,01 2,01 10 105 0,02 0,7 0,9 3,55 0,28 SB-2,01 2,01 15 138 0,02 0,32 1,2 3,63 0,4 GFRP-C1-2,68 2,68 10 130 0,01 0,7 0,6 3,93 0,16 GFRP-C2-2,68 2,68 10 145 0,02 0,8 0,7 4,99 0,36 SC-2,68 2,68 15 150 0,02 0,4 1,0 3,57 0,31 GFRP-D1-3,35 3,35 10 140 0,02 0,8 0,7 3,27 0,16 GFRP-D2-3,35 3,35 10 150 0,02 0,64 0,9 3,92 0,16 SD-3,35 3,35 15 180 0,02 0,3 1,0 2,79 0,39

U - KjPO˱ͫQJF͙WG͕FFK͓XO͹F, %;

P cr - W̫LWU͕QJ Jk\QͱW, kN;

P u - W̫LWU͕QJSKiKR̩L, kN; w cr - E͉U͡QJY͇Wÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL Q, mm; w u - E͉U͡QJY͇WQͱWF͹FK̩Q mm;

G cr - ÿ͡Y}QJFͯDG̯PW̩LWKͥLÿL͋P[X̭WKL QY͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQPP

H cr,conc - EL͇QG̩QJErW{QJW̩LWKͥLÿL͋P[X̭WKL QY͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQÅ;

H cr,bar - EL͇QG̩QJF͙W*)53KD\F͙WWKpSW̩LWKͥLÿL͋P[X̭WKL QY͇WQͱWÿ̯X tiên, Å

Hình 4.27: LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKyP$(ȡ 1,34 %)

Hình 4.28: LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKRғP%(ȡ 2,01 %)

Hình 4.29: LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKRғP&(ȡ 2,68 %)

Hình 4.30: LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKRғP'(ȡ 3,34 %)

+jPOѭӧQJFӫDFӕWGӑFFKӏXNpRҧQKKѭӣQJÿiQJNӇÿӃQKuQKWKiLFӫDYӃWQӭWYj NLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDFiFPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋPĈӕLYӟL PүXGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53 GҫP QKyP $ ȡ NLӇX SKi KRҥL FӫD GҫP Oj XӕQ WKXҫQ W~\ (Hình 4.27),

QKѭQJNKLWăQJKjPOѭӧQJOrQȡ ± GҫPQKyP%), ȡ

44 ± QKyP&Yjȡ ± nhóm D) NLӇXSKiKRҥLFXѴDGkҒPÿmFyVӵ[HQ OүQ JLӳDSKiKRҥLXӕQYjSKiKRҥLFҳW(Hình 4.28 ÿӃQ 4.30)

THÍ N*+,ӊ0.e275ѬӦ7&Ӕ77+e39ơ&Ӕ7*)53%21'-SLIP TEST)

Ĉӄ ;8Ҩ7 +ӊ 6Ӕ %ẩ0 'ậ1+ 9ơ +,ӊ8 &+ӌ1+ &é1* 7+Ӭ& &Ӫ$ $&,5&+275ѬӠ1*+Ӧ3&Ӕ7*)53&ẽ%ӄ0Һ73+81&ẩ7

ĈӅ[XҩWKӋVӕEiPGtQKWKӵFQJKLӋPk b FKRFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQ cát

5.3.1 ĈӅ[XҩW KӋVӕEiPGtQK WKӵFQJKLӋP k b FKRFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQ cát

+ӋVӕEiPGtQKk b chRWKҩ\VӵNKiFELӋWYӅNKҧQăQJEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW*)53YjEr W{QJVRYӟLFӕWWKpSYjErW{QJ+ӋVӕQj\ÿѭӧFÿӅ[XҩWGӵDWUrQWKtQJKLӋPNpR- WUѭӧW%RQG-VOLSWHVWÿmÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQӣ&KѭѫQJ, 0өF

KӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋP FKRWKҩ\FѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKWUXQJEuQKFӫDFӫDPүXWKtQJKLӋP FӕWWKpSOӟQKѫQ2 OҫQFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKWUXQJEuQKFӫD PүX WKtQJKLӋP FӕW

*)531KҵPNӇÿӃQҧQKKѭӣQJFӫD \ӃXWӕWKLF{QJWKӵFWӃӣKLӋQWUѭӡQJKӋVӕ Qj\ÿѭӧFQKkQWKrPYӟLKӋVӕWKLF{QJKLӋQWUѭӡQJk ht = 1.1 (EC 0, 1990) 9ӟLNӃW TXҧQj\KӋVӕEiPGtQKFKRWUѭӡQJKӧSFӕWEӅPһWSKXQFiWÿӅ[XҩWOjk b = 1.1

&{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKHRWLrXFKXҭQ$&,5ÿӕLYӟLFӕW

WURQJÿy: w - EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWOӟQQKҩWPP d c - FKLӅXGj\OӟSErW{QJEҧRYӋtính WӯWKӟFKӏXNpRQJRjLFQJÿӃQWkPFӕW FRP JҫQ QKҩWPP s - NKRҧQJFiFK JLӳDFiF FӕW FRP, mm k b - KӋVӕNӇÿӃQPӭFÿӝEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW*)53EӅPһWSKXQFiWYjErW{QJ k b =1,1

E - WӍVӕJLӳDNKRҧQJFiFKWӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQPһWFKӏXNpRYjNKRҧQJFiFK WӯPһWWUXQJKzDÿӃQWUӑQJWkPOӟSFӕWGFRP f f - ӭQJVXҩWWURQJFӕWGFRP, MPa

5.3.2 LӇPFKӭQJOҥLF{QJWKӭFWtQKEӅUӝQJYӃW QӭWFӫD$&,5Fy [pWÿӃQKӋVӕEiPGtQKÿmÿѭӧFÿӅ[XҩWGӵDWUrQNӃWTXҧWKӵFQJKLӋP

.ӃWTXҧNLӇPFKӭQJ F{QJWKӭFYӟLKӋVӕEiPGtQKKLӋXFKӍQKÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWURQJ

%ҧQJ4 và 5.5&iFGҫPWKӵFQJKLӋPGQJWURQJNLӇPFKӭQJFyFӕWGӑFFKӏXNpR

YӟLEӅPһWSKXQFiWJӗP GҫPFӫDWiFJLҧGҫPFӫD:DQJYj%HUODELYj

%ҧQJ4: 7ӹVӕEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKHROêWKX\ӃWvà WKӵFQJKLӋPӣWUҥQJWKiLJLӟLKҥQVӱ

Tên bài báo tKLӋXGҫP /RҥL thanh và

(mm) w serv,pred /w serv,exp Ĉ Ӆ[ XҩWKӋ Vӕ k b = 1,1 A C I 440 1 R (2006 ) ISI S (200 7) C N R D T 2 03 (2006 ) T outa nji và Saafi ( 2000) ) A bd el -Sayed (2004)

GFRP-A1-1,34 GFRP - phun cát 0,40 1,93 2,45 2,35 3,10 1,53 1,50 GFRP-A2-1,34 GFRP - phun cát 0,40 1,93 2,45 2,35 3,10 1,53 1,50 GFRP-B1-2,01 GFRP - phun cát 0,20 2,65 3,35 2,80 3,10 1,50 1,80 GFRP-B2-2,01 GFRP - phun cát 0,22 2,41 3,05 2,55 2,82 1,36 1,64 GFRP-C1-2,68 GFRP - phun cát 0,18 1,78 2,28 1,33 1,56 0,61 0,83 GFRP-C2-2,68 GFRP - phun cát 0,14 2,29 2,93 1,71 2,00 0,79 1,07 GFRP-D1-3,35 GFRP - phun cát 0,10 2,60 3,30 1,80 2,10 0,80 1,20

G2N0 GFRP - phun cát 0,22 5,05 6,41 6,59 0,36 9,77 4,23 G4N0 GFRP - phun cát 0,07 4,71 6,00 6,14 4,86 4,57 3,86 C2N0 GFRP - phun cát 0,20 2,10 2,70 2,75 3,80 4,10 1,75

P8G-1 GFRP - phun cát 0,25 1,23 1,57 2,72 2,28 1,12 1,76 P8G-2 GFRP - phun cát 0,32 0,93 1,18 2,03 1,69 0,84 1,31 P4G-1 GFRP - phun cát 0,31 2,42 3,08 2,87 2,74 1,48 1,84 P4G-2 GFRP - phun cát 0,48 1,90 2,41 2,25 2,23 1,17 1,46

*LiWUӏWUXQJEuQK0HDQ 2,42 3,08 2,87 2,55 2,23 1,84 +ӋVӕELӃQWKLrQ&29 0,48 0,47 0,54 0,42 1,11 0,53

%ҧQJ5: 7ӹVӕEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKHROêWKX\ӃWvà WKӵFQJKLӋPӣWUҥQJWKiLJLӟLKҥQ

EӅPһWWKDQK w u,exp (mm) w u,pred /w serv,exp Ĉ Ӆ[XҩW KӋ Vӕ k b = 1,1 A C I 440.1R (2006 ) ISIS (2 007) C N R D T 203 (2006 ) T outanj i và Saafi ( 200 0) ) A bd el -S ay ed (2004 )

GFRP-A1-1,34 GFRP - phun cát 0,82 2,50 3,17 3,05 4,10 2,00 1,96 GFRP-A2-1,34 GFRP - phun cát 1,20 1,81 2,31 2,21 2,98 1,45 1,43 GFRP-B1-2,01 GFRP - phun cát 0,90 2,14 2,72 2,29 2,59 1,22 1,48 GFRP-B2-2,01 GFRP - phun cát 0,70 2,26 2,87 2,41 2,73 1,29 1,56 GFRP-C1-2,68 GFRP - phun cát 0,64 1,83 2,33 1,36 1,67 0,66 0,88 GFRP-C2-2,68 GFRP - phun cát 0,80 1,46 1,86 1,09 1,34 0,53 0,70 GFRP-D1-3,35 GFRP - phun cát 0,80 1,09 1,39 0,75 0,88 0,33 0,48

G2N0 GFRP - phun cát 0,96 2,30 2,94 3,01 6,11 4,49 1,94 G4N0 GFRP - phun cát 0,43 1,91 2,42 2,47 3,44 1,86 1,60 C2N0 GFRP - phun cát 1,40 1,05 1,34 1,38 3,49 2,05 0,89

P8G-1 GFRP - phun cát 0,96 1,17 1,49 2,58 2,35 1,06 1,67 P8G-2 GFRP - phun cát 0,97 1,20 1,53 2,64 2,41 1,09 1,70 P4G-1 GFRP - phun cát 0,86 3,02 3,84 3,59 3,72 1,84 2,31 P4G-2 GFRP - phun cát 1,06 2,31 2,94 2,75 2,85 1,41 1,77

*LiWUӏWUXQJEuQK0HDQ 1,86 2,37 2,26 2,90 1,52 1,46 +ӋVӕELӃQWKLrQ&29 0,32 0,32 0,36 0,44 0,66 0,36

Hình 5.10: LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW ӣWUҥQJWKiL

Hình 5.11: LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW ӣWUҥQJWKiL

.ӃWTXҧVRViQKFKӍUDUҵQJF{QJWKӭFÿӅ[XҩWYӟLKӋVӕk b KӋVӕ GӵDYjRWKt QJKLӋPNpR± WUѭӧWFKRNӃWTXҧViWWӕWKѫQFiF F{QJWKӭFFӫD$&,5 ISIS (2007), CNR DT 203 (2006)ĈLӅXQj\WKӇKLӋQTXDJLiWUӏWUXQJEuQK0HDQ

Yj KӋ VӕELӃQWKLrQ&29 WѭѫQJӭQJFӫD WӹVӕ w s v pred er , / w s v er ,exp WKXÿѭӧFWӯF{QJ WKӭF ÿӅ[XҩWOj và 0,49 %ҧQJ)

Hình 5.12, 5.13 và 5.14 WKӇKLӋQTXDQKӋOӵc ± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWÿѭӧFWtQKWKHRF{QJ

WKӭFFӫD$&,5,6,6, CNR DT 203 (2006), Salib và Abdel- Sayed (2004), Toutanji và Saafi (2000) và F{QJWKӭFKLӋXFKӍQKYӟL KӋVӕ bám dính k b ӃWTXҧGӵÿRiQFiFF{QJWKӭFÿѭӧFVRViQKYӟLNӃW TXҧWKӵFQJKLӋPFӫD

7 PүX GҫP WKt QJKLӋP FӫD FKtQK WiF JLҧ Yj 7 PүX GҫP FӫD Wang and Belarbi (2004) và LeHYjFӝQJVӵ7ҩWFҧFiFGҫPÿӅXVӱGөQJFӕW*)53YӟLEӅPһW ÿѭӧFSKXQFiW.ӃWTXҧFKRWKҩ\UҵQJ JLiWUӏEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKHRF{QJWKӭFKLӋu FKӍQKFKRNӃWTXҧWӕW

Hình 5.12: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD7 PүXGҫP

%7FӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQFiWWӯWKtQJKLӋPFӫDFKtQKWiFJLҧ

Hình 5.13: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD3 PүXGҫP

%ӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW w (mm) Hình 5.14: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD mүXGҫP%7

'ӵDWUrQNӃWTXҧNKҧRViWWKӵFQJKLӋPFӫDGҫP%7&7YjFӕW)53YjNӃWTXҧWӯ SKkQWtFKOêWKX\ӃWPӝWVӕNӃWOXұQGӵNLӃQFyWKӇU~WUDQKѭVDX x %rҒU{ ҕQJYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53OѫғQKѫQWUXQJEuQKWӯ ÿӃQ5 OkҒQVR YӟLErҒU{ ҕQJYrғWQѭғWGkҒP%7&7 7ӕFÿӝSKiWWULӇQQӭWFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW

**)53QKDQKKѫQVRYӟLGҫP%7&7 7ăQJKDҒPOѭѫҕQJF{ғWGR ҕFOjPJLҧPÿDғQJ NrѴErҒU{ ҕQJYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53YDҒF{ғWWKHғS WX\QKLrQҧQKKѭӣQJ cӫDKjPOѭӧQJF{WGӑFÿӃQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDGҫPFӕW*)53UӓQpWYjPҥQKPӁ KѫQ

- WURQJJLDLÿRD ҕQVѭѴGX ҕQJ , ErҒU{ ҕQJYrғWQѭғWGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53JLDѴPWӯ 48% ÿӃQ 74% YjGҫP%7&7JLҧP[ҩS[Ӎ 25% NKLWăQJKDҒPOѭѫҕQJWӯ ÿӃQ 150%

- WURQJJLDLÿRҥQSKiKRҥL, ErҒU{ ҕQJYrғWQѭғWGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53JLDѴPWӯ 34% ÿӃQ49% YjGҫP%7&7JLҧPÿӃQ 18% NKLWăQJKDҒPOѭѫҕQJWӯ50% ÿӃQ x KRҧQJFiFKQӭWOӟQQKҩWFӫDGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53OӟQKѫQGҫP%7&7 NKRҧQJ 1,3 ÿӃQ1,88 OkҒQ +jPOѭѫ ҕQJF{ғWGR ҕFFRғDѴQKKѭѫѴQJNK{QJOѫғQÿrғQNKRDѴQJFDғFK QѭғWOѫғQQKkғWFXѴDGkҒPF{ғW*)53QKѭQJFRғDѴQKKѭѫѴQJÿDғQJNrѴÿ{ғLYѫғLGkҒP%7&7 7ăQJKDҒPOѭѫҕQJWӯ 50% ÿӃQ 150%, NKRҧQJFiFKQӭWOӟQQKҩWGҫPFӫD*)53 WăQJQKҽWӯ3% ÿӃQ8%, tURQJNKLGkҒP%7&7WăQJ[ҩS[Ӎ30% ÿӃQ40%; x +jPOѭӧQJFӕW*)53YjFӕWWKpS ҧQKKѭӣQJ QKӓ WѫғLNKDѴQăQJNKDғQJQѭғWFXѴD GkҒPWURQJWKtQJKLӋPQj\; x 'kҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53FRғFKX\rѴQYL ҕOѫғQKѫQÿDғQJNrѴVRYѫғLGkҒP%7&7 +jP Oѭѫ ҕQJF{ғWGR ҕF FyҧQKKѭӣQJOӟQÿӃQFKX\ӇQYӏWURQJGҫPErW{QJFӕW*)53Yj F{ғWWKHғS .KLWăQJKDҒPOѭѫҕQJF{ғWGR ҕF , FKX\rѴQYL ҕWURQJGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53YDҒ

%7&7ÿrҒXJLDѴPQKѭQJFKX\rѴQYL ҕWURQJGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53JLDѴPQKDQKKѫQ :

- WURQJJLDLÿRD ҕQVѭѴGX ҕQJ, FKX\rѴQYL ҕFXѴDGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53JLDѴPWӯ 29%, ÿӃQ52%, YjGҫP%7&7JLҧPWӯÿӃQ

- WURQJJLDLÿRD ҕQSKDғKRD ҕL , FKX\ӇQYӏGkҒPErW{QJF{ғW*)53JLDѴPWӯ 29,6%, ÿӃQ 52,7% YjGҫP%7&7JLҧPWӯÿӃQ x &ѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQKWUXQJEuQKFӫDFӕW*)53FyEӅPһWSKXQFiWGQJWURQJWKt QJKӏrPQj\QKӓKѫQVRYӟLFӫDFӕWWKpS[ҩS[Ӎ02 OҫQ x 7URQJ FiF F{QJ WKӭF ÿm Fy F{QJ WKӭF FӫD Toutanji và Saafi (2000), Salib và Abdel-Sayed (2004) FKR NӃW TXҧ ViW YӟL WKӵF QJKLӋP QKҩW, YӟL JLi WUӏ 0HDQ 1,54 và COV = 0 F{QJ WKӭF FӫD 6DOLE Yj Abdel-6D\HG Yj JLi WUӏ 0HDQ Yj&29 F{QJWKӭFFӫD7RXWDQMLYj6DDIL7X\QKLrQKDLF{QJWKӭF Qj\Fy[XKѭӟQJFKRNӃWTXҧNK{QJDQWRjQWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSGҫPFyKjPOѭӧQJ FӕWGӑFOӟQKѫQ &{QJWKӭFFӫDSalib và Abdel-Sayed (2004) FzQFKRNӃWTXҧ NK{QJDQWRjQNKLGҫPFyKjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFEpKѫQ&{QJWKӭFFӫD$&, 440.1R (2006), CNR DT Yj,6,6FKRNӃWTXҧWKLrQYӅDQWRjQ x &{QJWKӭFKLӋXFKӍQKWӯ$&,5YӟLKӋVӕEiPGtQKWKӵFQJKLӋPk b

= 1,1 FKRNӃWTXҧGӵÿRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWDQWRjQYjKӧSOêKѫQVRYӟLFiFF{QJ

WKӭFÿmFyYӟLJLiWUӏ0HDQ Yj&29 ӣ77*+VӱGөQJYj0HDQ Yj&29 ӣ77*+EӅQ

'ӵDWUrQNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXÿҥWÿѭӧFWiFJLҧNLӃQQJKӏPӝWVӕKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQFKR ÿӅWjLQKѭVDX x 3KkQWtFKҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDKjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFWӟLEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGjLKҥQFӫD GҫPErW{QJFӕW)53 x 3KkQWtFKӭQJ[ӱXӕQFӫDGҫPErW{QJVӧLFӕW)53 x 3KkQWtFKҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDEӅPһWWKDQKÿѭӡQJNtQKWKDQKORҥLWKDQK)53ÿӃQNKҧQăQJEiPGtQKJLӳDFӕW)53YjErW{QJ

[1] CEB-FIB 2007 Design and use of fibre reinforced polymer reinforcement (FRP) in reinforced concrete structures Technical report on the prepared by a working party of the Task Group 9.3, 173p

[2] Comitte Euro international du Beton 1998 CEB ± FIP Model Code 1990 Thomas Telford, 462p

[3] Brussels 2004 EC2 - Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, European Committee for Standardization, 225p

[4] ACI Committee 318 2008 Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, reported by ACI 318-08, 471p

[5] ACI Committee 440 2003 Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars ACI 440.1R-03, 42p

[6] ACI Committee 440 2006 Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP Bars Farmington Hills, Mich, ACI 440.1R-06, 44p [7] ACI Committee 440 2004 Guide test methods for fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) for reinforcing or strengthening concrete structures ACI 440.3R-04, 35p

[8] Adorján Borosnyói 2002 Serviceability of CFRP prestressed concrete beams Ph.D Thesis, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-285p

[9] Canadian Standards Association (CSA), (2002) Design and construction of building components with fibre polymers Concrete Design Handbook, Canadian Standard S806 ± 02, Toronto, 177p

[10] ISIS Canadian Research Network (ISIS), (2007) Reinforcing Concete Structures with Fibre Reinforced Polymers, ISIS Canadian Corporation, Canada, 151p

[11] M Baena, Li Torres, A Turon, C.Barris 2009 Experiment study of bond

89 behaviour between concrete ang FRP bars using a pull-out test Composite Structures (ELSEVIER), 286 ±295p

[12] George Morcous 2012 Bond Strength of GFRP Bars by Pullout Testing University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, 14p

[13] C.Barris, Li Torres, A Turon, M Baena, A Catalan 2009 An experiment study of the flexural behaviour of GFRP RC beams and comparison with prediction models Composite Structures, 784 ±797p

[14] Sameh R.Salib and George Abdel-Sayed 2004 Prediction of Crack Width for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Beams ACI Structural Journal, 101 (4), 532 ± 536p

[15] CNR DT203-06 2006 Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy, 35p

[16] Houssam Toutanji and Yong Deng 2003 Deflection and crack-width prediction of concrete beams reinforced with glass FRP rods ELSEVIER Construction and Building Materials, 17, 69-74p

[17] Ehab EI-Salakawy, Chakib Kassem and Brahim Benmokrane.2002.Flexural behaviour of oncrete beams reinforced with Carbon FRP Composite bars Concrete Design Handbook, Canadian Standard, 7p

[18] M Pecce, G Manfredi and E Cosenza 2000 Experimental response and code models of GFRP RC Beams in bending Journal of Composites for Construction ASCE, 4 (4), 182 ± 190p

[19] Houssam A Toutanji and Mohamed Saafi 2000 Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with Glass Fiber - Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars ACI Structural Journal, 100 (6), 712 ± 719

[20] H Wang and A Belarbi 2004 Flexural behaviour of Fiber-Reinforced-Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Rebars FRPRCS SP-230-51, 895-914p

[21] Radhouane Masmoudi, Michèle Thériault and Brahim Benmokrane 1998 Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Deformed Fiber Reinforced Plastic Reinforcing Rods ACI Structural Journal, 95 (60), 665 ± 675p

[22] 9}/r1JӑFĈLӅQҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDP{-PHQTXiQWtQKWLӃWGLӋQTXLÿәL ÿӃQ ÿӝ Y}QJ FӫD GҫP Er W{QJ FӕW )53 /XұQ YăQ WKҥF Vƭ 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑFBách NKRD73+ӗ&Kt0LQK

8.1 .ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFFӫDWKpS:

%ҧQJ1: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQ YӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-A1-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJEr

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- %͉U͡QJY͇WQͱWZÿ˱ͫFÿRE̹QJNtQKKL͋PYL

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 35 kN

%ҧQJ2: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJ YjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-A2-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 35 kN

%ҧQJ3: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP6-A-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 15 kN

%ҧQJ4: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-B1-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt *LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

ErW{QJYӏWUt *LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 35 kN

%ҧQJ5: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-B2-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ [X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 35 kN

%ҧQJ6: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP6-B-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 15 kN

%ҧQJ7: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫPGFRP-C1-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQ GҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 55 kN

%ҧQJ8: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫPGFRP-C2-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 70 kN

%ҧQJ9: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP6-C-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt *LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 15 kN

%ҧQJ10: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-D1-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 90 kN

%ҧQJ11: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP*)53-D2-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏYӏWUt *LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 10 kN

- +L QW˱ͫng splitting [̫\ UDW̩LF̭S W̫L3 = 80 kN

%ҧQJ12: KӃWTXҧÿRÿҥFFKX\ӇQYӏELӃQGҥQJYjEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWGҫP6-D-KjPOѭӧQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR FKX\ӇQYӏ YӏWUt *LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿRELӃQGҥQJ

*LiWUӏÿӗQJKӗÿR ELӃQGҥQJ*)53Yӏ trí

Ghi chú: - 9͇WQͱWÿ̯XWLrQ[X̭WKL QͧF̭SW̫L P = 15 kN

%ҧQJ13: TK{QJVӕNӻWKXұWWKDQK*)53GRQKjVҧQ[XҩWFXQJFҩS

%ҧQJ14: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGFRP16-1 và mүX*)5316-2

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝ bám dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ15: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGFRP16-2 và mүX6-1

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ16: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXS16-2

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ17: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXS16-3 và mүXGFRP12-1

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ18: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGFRP12-2

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ19: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXGFRP12-3

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ20: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXS12-1 và mүX6-2

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

%ҧQJ21: ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFӫDPүXS12-3

&ѭӡQJ ÿӝEiP dính (Mpa)

KRҧQJ cách WUѭӧW (mm)

ĈһFWUѭQJKuQKKӑFYұWOLӋXFiFGҫPNLӇPFKӭQJ

%ҧQJ22: ĈһFWUѭQJKuQKKӑFYұWOLӋXFiFGҫPNLӇPFKӭQJ

& % DU UL VY jF ӝQJ Vӵ

Ma sm oud i, Thé ri aul t a nd B enm ok ran e (1998 )

CB2B-2 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 348,56 37.000 34.253 52 253 0,690 CB3B-1 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 522,83 37.000 34.253 52 253 1,030 CB3B-2 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 522,83 37.000 34.253 52 253 1,030 CB4B-1 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 697,11 37.000 31.864 45 235 1,480 CB4B-2 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 697,11 37.000 31.864 45 235 1,480 CB6B-1 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 1046 37.000 31.864 45 230 2,270 CB6B-2 GFRP %ӅPһWFyJkQ 200 300 3,00 14,9 1046 37.000 31.864 45 230 2,270

Wa ng and Be lar bi ( 200 4) P4C-1 %ӅPһWWUѫQ 178 229 1,83 12,7 253 124.000 32.909 48 191 0,740

Ngày đăng: 24/09/2024, 06:33

HÌNH ẢNH LIÊN QUAN

Hình 4.5: 7KtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFWKDQK*)53 YjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDQy  (c)  &ӕWWKpSGӑFFKӏXOӵF YjFӕWÿDL - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.5 7KtQJKLӋPNpRGӑFWUөFWKDQK*)53 YjNLӇXSKiKRҥLFӫDQy (c) &ӕWWKpSGӑFFKӏXOӵF YjFӕWÿDL (Trang 48)
Hình 4.27:  .LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKyP$( ȡ  1,34 %) - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.27 .LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKyP$( ȡ 1,34 %) (Trang 61)
Hình 4.29:  .LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKRғP&( ȡ  2,68 %) - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.29 .LrѴXSKDғKRD ҕLYDҒKÕҒQKWKDғLYrғWQѭғWFXѴDGkҒPQKRғP&( ȡ 2,68 %) (Trang 62)
Hình 4.32: QXDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDPүXGҫP%7&7 ÿӕLFKӭQJ  (a)  ̪QKK˱ͧQJFͯDKjPO˱˯̙QJF{̗WGR̙Fÿr̗QEr̖U{̙QJYr̗WQ˱̗W FͯDG̯P - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.32 QXDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWFӫDPүXGҫP%7&7 ÿӕLFKӭQJ (a) ̪QKK˱ͧQJFͯDKjPO˱˯̙QJF{̗WGR̙Fÿr̗QEr̖U{̙QJYr̗WQ˱̗W FͯDG̯P (Trang 64)
Hình 4.39: TӹVӕNKRҧQJFiFKQӭWOӟQQKҩWGҫPErW{QJ*)53Yj%7&7FyFQJ - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.39 TӹVӕNKRҧQJFiFKQӭWOӟQQKҩWGҫPErW{QJ*)53Yj%7&7FyFQJ (Trang 69)
Hình 4.42: 4XDQKӋELӃQGҥQJFӕWGӑF± KjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFFӫDGҫPWKtQJKLӋP  4.3.5  %LӃQGҥQJQpQ FӫDErW{QJH conc - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.42 4XDQKӋELӃQGҥQJFӕWGӑF± KjPOѭӧQJFӕWGӑFFӫDGҫPWKtQJKLӋP 4.3.5 %LӃQGҥQJQpQ FӫDErW{QJH conc (Trang 71)
Hình 4.43: 4XDQKӋOӵF± ELӃQGҥQJErW{QJFӫDPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋP  4.3.6  4XDQKӋOӵF - FKX\ӇQYӏFӫDGҫP(P-į - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.43 4XDQKӋOӵF± ELӃQGҥQJErW{QJFӫDPүXGҫPWKtQJKLӋP 4.3.6 4XDQKӋOӵF - FKX\ӇQYӏFӫDGҫP(P-į (Trang 72)
Hình 4.51: 4XDQKӋFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQK± ÿӝWUѭӧWFӫDFӕW *)53YjWKpSÿѭӡQJ - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 4.51 4XDQKӋFѭӡQJÿӝEiPGtQK± ÿӝWUѭӧWFӫDFӕW *)53YjWKpSÿѭӡQJ (Trang 81)
Hình 5.1: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD7 PүXGҫPbê - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.1 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD7 PүXGҫPbê (Trang 85)
Hình 5.3: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD4 PүXGҫP - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.3 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD4 PүXGҫP (Trang 87)
Hình 5.4: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD PүXGҫP - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.4 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD PүXGҫP (Trang 88)
Hình 5.5: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫDPүXGҫP - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.5 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫDPүXGҫP (Trang 89)
Hình 5.10: .LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW  ӣWUҥQJWKiL - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.10 .LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW ӣWUҥQJWKiL (Trang 100)
Hình 5.11: .LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW  ӣWUҥQJWKiL - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.11 .LӇPFKӭQJF{QJWKӭF ÿӅ[XҩW WtQKWRiQEӅUӝQJYӃWQӭW ӣWUҥQJWKiL (Trang 101)
Hình 5.12: 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD7 PүXGҫP - Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Phân tích ứng xử nứt do uốn của dầm bê tông cốt phi kim (GFRP)
Hình 5.12 4XDQKӋOӵF± EӅUӝQJYӃWQӭWWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFӫD7 PүXGҫP (Trang 103)

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN