SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIV/AIDS AND THEIR RAMIFICATIONS docx

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIV/AIDS AND THEIR RAMIFICATIONS Edited by Gobopamang Letamo Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications Edited by Gobopamang Letamo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Alenka Urbancic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications, Edited by Gobopamang Letamo p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-640-9 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Social Aspects of HIV / AIDS 1 Chapter 1 The Experiences and Complexities of Care-Seeking Behavior of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study in Nigeria 3 Ngozi C. Mbonu, Bart Van Den Borne and Nanne K. De Vries Chapter 2 Social Position as a Structural Determinant of Adherence to Treatment in Women Living with HIV/AIDS 23 Marcela Arrivillaga Chapter 3 Intergenerational Sexual Relationship in Nigeria: Implications for Negotiating Safe Sexual Practices 49 Oyediran, K.A., Odutolu, O. and Atobatele, A.O. Chapter 4 HIV Infection and Schooling Experiences of Adolescents in Uganda 73 Harriet Birungi, Francis Obare, Anne Katahoire and David Kibenge Chapter 5 An Institutional Analysis of Access to GBV/HIV Services in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 89 William Boyce, Sarita Verma, Nomusa Mngoma and Emily Boyce Chapter 6 Education Against HIV/AIDS 105 Abdulbaset Elfituri, Fadela Kriem, Hala Sliman and Fathi Sherif Part 2 Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS 125 Chapter 7 Psychosocial Needs and Support Services Accessed by HIV/AIDS Patients of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 127 Yahaya, Lasiele Alabi and Jimoh, A.A.G. VI Contents Chapter 8 Triple Challenges of Psychosocial Factors, Substance Abuse, and HIV/AIDS Risky Behaviors in People Living with HIV/AIDS 135 Gemechu B. Gerbi, Tsegaye Habtemariam, Berhanu Tameru, David Nganwa, Vinaida Robnett, and Sibyl K. Bowie Chapter 9 Growing Up in the Era of AIDS: The Well-Being of Children Affected and Infected by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa 159 Marguerite Daniel Chapter 10 Psychosocial Aspects of People Living with HIV/AIDS 175 Lenka Fabianova Part 3 The Impact of Social and Psychological Factors on HIV/AIDS and Related Behaviours 205 Chapter 11 Societal Beliefs and Reactions About People Living with HIV/AIDS 207 Ngozi C. Mbonu, Bart Van Den Borne and Nanne K. De Vries Chapter 12 Trends and Levels of HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discriminatory Attitudes: Insights from Botswana AIDS Impact Surveys 225 Gobopamang Letamo Chapter 13 The Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Health Transition Among Under-Five Children in Africa 237 Michel Garenne Chapter 14 HIV/AIDS and the Productivity of Selected Sub-Saharan African Regions 249 Wilfred I. Ukpere and Lazarus I. Okoroji Chapter 15 AIDS and Trauma: Adults, Children and Orphans 261 Rachel Whetten and Kristen Shirey Chapter 16 Impact of Socio-Medical Factors on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS Among Specific Subpopulations 287 La Fleur F. Small Preface Since the advent of HIV/AIDS, numerous publications have emerged on the subject, predominantly focussing on the biomedical aspects of the disease. In recent years, it has been recognized that HIV/AIDS is not just a medical condition, but also has political, social, psychological, economic and demographic ramifications that need to be dealt with. However, research addressing HIV/AIDS areas outside the biomedical side of research is limited. This book was born out of desire among scholars researching in the field of HIV and AIDS to document the social and psychosocial aspects of HIV/AIDS epidemic, and the impact that these aspects have on HIV/AIDS-related behaviours. The book is titled “Social and Psychosocial Aspects of HIV/AIDS and their Ramifications” to reflect the multi-dimensionality of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The book addresses key areas of HIV and AIDS, including, but not in any way limited to, care-seeking behaviour, adherence, access, psychosocial needs and support services, discrimination and the impact the epidemic has on various sectors of the economy. Researchers, students and other people interested in the HIV and AIDS in general will find this book informative and easy to read and understand. The book is an essential reading for academics, students and other people interested in the field of HIV and AIDS. We are grateful for the helpful comments received from the various anonymous reviewers during the preparation of this book for publication. The facts and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors/editors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions they represent. September 2011 Gobopamang Letamo Department of Population Studies University of Botswana [...]... utilization of health-care institutions: 10 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications ‘In our organization, people living with HIV/AIDS are facing a lot of problems Most of them are not working Some of them were working before but because of their HIV status they were laid off from their work Many of them are jobless that is why treatment is difficult We lose our members often.’... Publishing Company 20 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications Hejoaka, F (2009) Care and secrecy: Being a mother of children living with HIV in Burkina Faso Social Science and Medicine, 69 (6), 869-876 Hilhorst, T., Van Liere, M.J., Ode, A.V., & de Koning, K (2006) Impact of AIDS on rural livelihoods in Benue state, Nigeria Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance... al., 2011), making them resort to varied ways of coping with their problems (Mbonu et al., 2009) Despite these studies indicating the presence of stigma, literature have equally acknowledged that one of the positive noticeable interventions in the fight of HIV/AIDS 4 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications and stigma is giving HIV/AIDS a human face (Fokolade et al., 2009;... different social positions, and that individuals and families with occupy the more favored positions are those who enjoy them more 26 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications It is important to point out that the concepts of “socioeconomic level” and “socioeconomic status” are often used as synonyms for social position, but they have no explicit relationship with the economic and. .. to cope with was with significant others such as their partners Some of them had got married without informing their partners until pregnancy, while others hoped their ART 14 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications would help when they get married This has implications for the spread of the virus, as well as for the process of seeking appropriate care at an early stage Many... Differences and commonalities among persons affected by leprosy and persons living with HIV/AIDS, Psychology, Health and Medicine, PMID:21391136 Valencia-Garcia, D., Starks, H., Strick, L., & Simoni, J M (2008) After the fall from grace: negotiation of new identities among HIV-positive women in Peru Culture, Health and Sex, 10 (7), 739-52 22 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications. .. impressions and beliefs about HIV/AIDS is necessary in order for PLWHA to seek appropriate care It is important that HIV patients are supported so that they are able to go 18 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications for HIV test and get effective treatment Proper counseling goes a long way to help PLWHA to accept their status and prepares them to live with HIV Clearly, PLWHA need psychological, ... people avoiding VCT (Nyblade et al., 2009) 16 Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications Our data showed that the discovery and disclosure of a positive HIV status may lead to family disharmony, generating a lot of suspicions The findings show that concealment and disclosure remained an uphill task for PLWHA The concealment affects their self-efficacy in seeking care in health... out -of- pocket payments increase their outgoings, when added to their basic needs and use of services (Borrell et al., 2007) Access to health insurance is still more limited, because of the interruptions in their work, due to pregnancy and the raising of their children Apart from this, the nature of “dependents” in insurance, places them at risk of being unprotected in the event of widowhood, abandonment,...Part 1 Social Aspects of HIV / AIDS 1 The Experiences and Complexities of Care-Seeking Behavior of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study in Nigeria Ngozi C Mbonu, Bart Van Den Borne and Nanne K De Vries School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University The Netherlands 1 Introduction In 2009, approximately . SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIV/AIDS AND THEIR RAMIFICATIONS Edited by Gobopamang Letamo Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications. psychosocial aspects of HIV/AIDS epidemic, and the impact that these aspects have on HIV/AIDS- related behaviours. The book is titled Social and Psychosocial Aspects of HIV/AIDS and their Ramifications . positive noticeable interventions in the fight of HIV/AIDS Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications 4 and stigma is giving HIV/AIDS a human face (Fokolade et al., 2009;