statistics project the habit of using youtube on fmt students

Being aware of those things, we conducted a survey research based on theories of statistics and their application to assess the using YouTube habit of students and some other elements wi

HANOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM

STATISTICS PROJECT

THE HABIT OF USING YOUTUBE ON

Phạm Thị Thảo Linh 1D: 1704000075

Nguyễn Bích Tháo ID: 1806090100 Nguyễn Thị Phương Thư ID: 1804010097 Hà Thị Kiều Trinh ID: 1804010108

Content pages: 14 pages

Date: 25" May, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENT

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ABSTRACT In recent times, with the emergence of global expansion of the Internet and the technological boom of the 21st century, which bring us a great deal of benefits and convenience In which, people can connect anything in the world through the internet Therefore, people tend to watch everything in the world online It is undeniable that YouTube has been one of the most visited places online The increasing popularity of using YouTube seems to be illustrated by university's students’ great reliance Being aware of those things, we conducted a survey research based on theories of statistics and their application to assess the using YouTube habit of students and some other elements with the participation of FMT students This research aims to understand how often undergraduates at Hanoi University, Faculty of Management and Tourism use YouTube and make some possible recommendation to better their using YouTube habit We expect that our research will sufficiently provide an overall view about the situation of using YouTube behavior of students to help students improve their using YouTube

habit

I Introduction

The internet gives open opportunities to observe human habits Video data is one of the key areas profiting from this development The world is continuously producing a large number of visual data For instance, in 2013, a video was posted on the website by 31% of online adults Moreover, on YouTube, one hundred hours of video are posted every minute Therefore, online video is significantly attractive Specially, YouTube is the largest repository containing online video According to Josie Ahlquist (2013), YouTube is gradually varying the overview of the digital world “YouTube is the most popular video sharing platform and the second largest search engine behind Google Search” (Elise Moreau, 2020) With more than 1 billion users in 75 countries, YouTube has become the greatest and most highly visited online video-watching service since it was established in 2005, ranging from many categories of video about education,

entertainment, business, sport, YouTube, which is a video platform, guided by two types of

users: video creators and video viewers Billions of viewers watch the online videos daily, with more than 50% of viewers are students “Teens constitute the dominant demographic on

YouTube in terms of their viewership, comments, rating and other feedback mechanisms” (Chau,

2010)

As the majority of YouTube users are students and in order to approach these YouTube users, an investigation about the using YouTube habit of youth needed to be carried out Therefore, to get deeper insights into this issue, we had carried out an investigation called “The using YouTube habit of FMT students” aiming to understand how FMT students at Hanoi University are using YouTube Through this study, it is hoped to help FMT students in particular and the students in general have a good habit in using YouTube

IL Research methodology

1 Population and sample In the era of industry 4.0, social media as well as YouTube is considered to be an important tool in studying and working Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the habit in using YouTube and its effects on students The population of concern is aimed at students of the Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT) of Hanoi University Due to the limitation of time and cost to do a survey and analyze information for the entire population, this survey is made with a sample

of 100 students who were randomly selected from FMT students of Hanoi University

2 Questionnaire design The approach to obtain information for this project is a questionnaire that included 13 questions related to the using YouTube habits of FMT students, which is necessary for Hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics in our project Firstly, however, to ensure the validity of the information

observation, three personal questions about name, ID number, and gender are required After

that, the list including 13 questions are given: O1 Do you watch videos on YouTube?

Yes (please skip 22) No (please move to Q2)

Q2 Why don't you watch videos on YouTube?

Q3 How often do you use YouTube? O4 How much time do you spend on YouTube per day?

QS What time of the day do you mostly access YouTube?

QO6 Do you often watch Vietnamese or foreign videos? Q7 What are your purposes of using YouTube? O8 Which types of content do you like the most on YouTube ? QO9 Do you think YouTube is useful?

Q10 Do you think that your time and your purpose when you access YouTube is reasonable?

Yes (please skip Q11) No (please move to O11) Oll If you are unsatisfied, how do you want to change your habit?

Q12 Have you created your own channel on YouTube?

No (please skip O13 and submit form) Yes (please move to O13)

O13 Which main type of content do you create on your YouTube channel? In particular, our questionnaire is divided into two parts The first part consists of questions to collect some personal information of respondents including name, ID, gender The other part

contains questions to investigate further into the using YouTube habit of FMT students at Hanoi University and collect data for observation and the hypothesis test The first two questions are to ensure that all the respondents are using YouTube The next four questions are aimed at getting information about the habits of spending time and choosing types of videos while the last seven questions tell us the purpose and the opinions of FMT students about the way they use YouTube Briefly, these questions are surveyed with the expectation of collecting useful and realistic

information for survey and evaluation

3 Sampling method and data collection

a Sampling method

There are several sampling methods available to test the using YouTube habits of FMT students However, because the total number of students currently studying in FMT of Hanoi University, is approximately 2000 students, is a large number, we decided to use a simple random sampling method with the sample size of 100 students studying FMT in Hanoi University The respondents are randomly selected and given the link to complete the questionnaire once time only The list of students who filled in our online form are represented in Appendix D of this report

b Data collection

After discussing the questionnaire and choosing sample, we started our project by distributing our questionnaire form on the Internet on 5", Match 2020 The data used in this project paper was collected from a survey which was carried out among students of all majors of FMT (FB, AC, BA, and TR) The questionnaire is sent to each of these students, and then, 100 responses

are easily collected

4, Data processing

After all the responses are recorded, we put the results into Microsoft Excel in order to draw

graphs and charts All answers and figures are characterized and computed in R-studio for the purpose of analyzing descriptive statistics

5 Level of significance

In this paper, we choose a significant level of 0.05 to use in hypothesis testing which is 5% of the regular one and has been utilized as a part of numerous cases It implies that there is 95%

certainty and 5% of wrongly dismissing the invalid speculation, which is the best suitable in this case

THỊ Descriptive results and findings This section outlines the results of the survey from 100 FMT students conducted to know the

daily habit of using YouTube of students from FMT By using questionnaires, we get the information about the number of FMT students using YouTube

yes or no According to our survey, all the students watch videos on YouTube (100%)

@ Rarely

@ Sometimes

@ Regularly @ Always

Figure 2: How often do you use YouTube? Figure 2 shows FMT students’ habit of watching YouTube It can be clearly seen that the percentage of students who regularly watch YouTube in a week is 62%, which made up the largest proportion in the chart While the number of students who always watch videos is 24 people (24%), the number of which students sometimes watch videos is almost half of that (14%) In addition, there is no person who does not watch YouTube To sum up, YouTube is a daily habit of FMT students

3% 2%

Bihr M2hrs 83hrs 84hrs 85hrs 86hrs # 7hrs

Figure 3: How much time do you spend on YouTube per day?

When asked: “How much time do you spend on YouTube per day?”, more than 30% of students said that they spend 3 hours watching YouTube and the percentage of the students watch YouTube in 1 hours (22%) Nearly 20% of students use YouTube in 2 hours The proportion of

students who watch videos on YouTube fell from 12% in 5 hours to 10% in 4 hours In addition,

a few students spend more than 7 hours watching, at 3% and 2% who spend 6 hours These statistics show that the student demand for watching is reasonable for many reasons which will be mentioned in the next chart Figure 4 is the pie chart demonstrating the time of the day

students mostly access YouTube

@ Morning (7:00AM-11:59AM) @ Afternoon (12:00PM-4:59PM) @ Evening (5:00PM-10:59PM) @ Late Night (11:00PM-3:59AM)

Figure 4: The time of the day students mostly access YouTube

Figure 5: Do you often watch Vietnamese or foreign videos?

From the above bar chart, it can be clearly seen that nearly 70% FMT students watched foreign

videos on YouTube The percentage of students chose Vietnamese videos to watch is only 30% Hanoi University is a school specializing in foreign languages; therefore, every subject is taught in English Selfstudying foreign language lessons, which helps them to improve knowledge they have learnt and some skills like: listening, note-taking and so on, is very important for students in

Hanu, especially FMT Because of its convenience, most students choose YouTube to study

The seventh question has found out the reasons why FMT students use YouTube

Stress relieving 3 Workout video 8

Working uw)

Finding healthinformation —

Studying | — _ —ờ—"

Entertaining

o 20 40 60 80 100

Figure 6: The purposes of using YouTube From the graph, we can easily see that most FMT students (98%) use YouTube for entertaining

It is obvious that entertainment is always an essential human need and YouTube is one of the

most convenient means of social network communication to entertain On YouTube, we can see films, listen to music and so on According to the eighth question, most FMT students like some contents that help them to relax most such as: music videos (83%), movies (54%), Vlogs (53%) or travels (51%) In addition, more than three fourth FMT students said that the purpose of using YouTube is studying This is also the main reason why the majority of FMT students often watch foreign videos

Through questionnaires, we get results with 97% FMT students saying that YouTube is useful (50% agree, 35% completely agree and 12% partly agree)

The tenth question has examined FMT students’ awareness of using YouTube

Figure 7: Do you think that your time and your purpose when you access YouTube is

reasonable? As detailed, more than 80% FMT students are aware that the time and purposes they access YouTube is reasonable Besides, there are still a few students (16%) though that they are wasting time on YouTube and using inconsequentially

With 16% students, we asked them about how they want to change to make accessing YouTube

reasonable And here is the result that we have collected:

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As can be seen from this data, more than half of them want to use more time on YouTube for

education Five students thought that they needed to reduce time for YouTube Three students expect to use more time to know more about something that happens around them And the number of FMT students wanting to spend time on health and entertainment is the same, accounting for | student respectively Especially, no one is willing to stop using YouTube due to

its benefits

Yes BNo

Figure 9; The percentage of FMT students who have and have not created a channel

After studying different questions, we finally want to know if FMT students have created their own channels on YouTube The pie chart above shows us the results According to most FMT

students, YouTube is very useful, however; 90% of students have not created his/her own

channel on YouTube before The reason for this can be that creating a channel on YouTube wastes a lot of time for preparing and FMT students need more time to concentrate on their studying and working Even for others, accounting for 10%, the main purpose when setting up a channel is learning because the contents of 10% students’ channels that they have created most

are about education, lecture and tutorial records Moreover, another types of content FMT

students want to make are related to their hobbies or daily activities like: dancing and singing,

music edited, dubbed, Vlogs, lifestyle and so on

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IV Hypothesis testing

1 Research question

The main purpose of this project is to find out the average hours per day that students from FMT, Hanoi University spend on YouTube In order to collect data randomly from our sample, we have designed and distributed a questionnaire of 13 questions to 100 FMT students Because we want to identify the average hours per day that FMT students spend on YouTube, the following question have been designed to provide the data for the hypothesis test:

“How much time do you spend on YouTube per day?”

2 Assumptions

- The population standard deviation is unknown: In fact, we have no data about the standard deviation of population when conducting this survey As a result, the population standard deviation is unknown

- The sampling distribution of sample mean is approximately normal In this project, the sample size is 100 students from FMT, Hanoi University According to Central Limit Theorem, the sampling distribution of sample mean is approximately normal for large sample sizes (n = 30) Therefore, with n=100, the sampling distribution of sample mean is approximately normal

From two above assumptions, we decide to use T-test for population mean to do the hypothesis testing

Besides, we use R-studio to recalculate in order to make sure our above results are accurate and

get the same results:

Sample mean (*) Sample standard deviation (s)

4 Hypothesis testing procedure: T-test for pn

As the two above assumptions, we decide to use T-test for 1 to carry out our hypothesis testing

Step 1: Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses

We have consulted the YouGov’s research of YouTube (April, 2019) to find out the average hours per day that Vietnamese people spend on social media, particularly YouTube According to this study, most of the people in Vietnam spend more than 3 hours on social media (about 61%) with 81% of people using YouTube However, basing on our collected data from survey, 40 out of the 100 FMT students spend less than 3 hours per day on YouTube, meanwhile 27 out of the 100

FMT students spend more than 3 hours per day on this one Therefore, we want to test whether

the average hours per day that FMT students spend on YouTube is smaller than 3 From this case, we use the left-tailed T-test and formulate our hypothesis testing:

Hyp =p=3 Hz=u<3 Step 2: Find the value of the test statistic

X—-p 2.89 — 3

C Ne 1.4968/V100 ý 0739

Step 3: Identify the level of significance

Due to the time limitation, we decide to take the sample size of 100 FMT students, not a greater sample size Therefore, we will do our hypothesis testing with a significance of 5% In other word, the probability of rejecting Ho when Hb is true in this project is 5%, or a = 0.05

Step 4: State the decision rule

The decision rule for left-tailed T-test for p is: We will reject Hy if © = ~ta,ar

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