bài tập tiếng anh lớp 8 có đáp án

Complete the sentences with the correct form fo-infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in the box.. You enjoy reading, don’t you?I spend my leisure time gardening!. Read the text carefully

LEISURE TIME

I Put the words Into the correct columns. look group computer future push textbook move woman school football drew cartoon wolf pudding glue neighbourhoo d / ' / : /UI/

II Underline the bold words with /ư/, and circle the bold words with /ui/.

1 Would you prefer rice or noodles for lunch?

2 There were a lot of people, so we had to push our way through the crowd.

3 Should we add a teaspoon of sugar in this strawberry smoothie?

4 After 2 months of learning, her skill in making wool cardigan has improved a lot.

5 My brother bought me some colourful cushions from his business trip in Liverpool.

6 Jackson is in the hospital because he dropped the cutting tool and hurt his foot.

7 This restaurant has the best pumpkin soup in town, but we are too full to try it.

8 We’re going to spend a few days in the woods to watch the supermoon.

I Look at the pictures and write the name of the activities. knitting messaging playing sport doing DIY hanging out gardening snowboarding doing puzzles making origami surfing the net

1 Susan enjoys , and she grows many different types of flowers.

2 My sister loves _, and she made me this sweater.

3 Young people often find that friends can be very relaxing.

4 Internet addicts spend too much time .

5 _has become very popular with teenagers, especially soccer.

6 Helen fancies with her friends at weekends.

7 He’s useless at _ He can’t even put up a shelf.

8 Trang is fond of on the daily newspaper.

9 _is one of the best ways to spend a winter vacation.

10 My sister is very good at She can fold paper into animals, birds, flowers, etc.

III Put the words into the correct category.

; : : : : ~ : 7 M : 'i a comedy, a skill, hanging out, going to the park, aerobics, collecting books, the news, visiting relatives, a book, a language, a poem, judo, chatting, making crafts, the newspaper, having meals together, gardening, a musical instrument, skating, a drama, visiting museums, cycling to nearby villages, doing DIY projects, volleyball, messaging friends, a game show

IV Match two parts of the sentences. a exciting to play that detective game. b on trying new recipes for pizzas. c of knitting scarves at Christmas. d doing DIY with his older brother.

2 Many young people are interested

4 My friend Jamie is really

6 The tourists would like e in taking photos of plants and flowers. f into listening to folk music. g about doing puzzles these days. h to go sightseeing the city on a double decker.

V Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

' leisure interested satisfied popular addicted social relaxing fun ]

1 It is very to lie on the beach, and listen to the sound of the waves.

2. _ Messaging is one of the most methods of communication among teenagers.

3 Many teens are hooked on networks like Facebook, Twitter and

4 My hobby is playing basketball Are you _in learning?

5 He was not with the camera, so he returned it to the store.

6 Bird-watching is an increasingly popular _activity.

7 Hanging out with friends is _ I really enjoy it.

8 Jonathan promised not to get to online games.

VI Complete the sentences with the correct form (fo-infinitive or -ing form) of the verbs in the box Some verbs can be followed by either a fo-infinitive or an -ingform. stay make watch do cycle eat hang out travel get read j

1 My brother loves : _live football on TV.

2 Do people in your country like _abroad on vacation?

3 Riding a bike is Lan’s pleasure, but she detests _in the rain.

4 Instead, they prefer at home and watch television.

5 As a child, he hated books, but now he finds it enjoyable.

6 Minh is in good shape He enjoys _sport and exercise.

7 She doesn’t like up early in the morning, especially at the weekend.

8 Emily dislikes ■ _crafts, but she enjoys origami.

9 I fancy _out tonight because I’m too tired to cook.

10 Nancy adores with her best friend Helen.

VII Complete the sentences with the to-infinitive or -ingform of the verbs in brackets.

1 I have enjoyed _(meet) you Hope (see) you again soon.

2 My father is not keen on coffee He prefers (drink) tea.

3 I am a little busy Would you mind _(wait) a little longer?

4 Mobile games are great, but I don’t like (play) them for too long.

5 If I can choose, I prefer (stay) at home to (play) sports.

6 Tonight I’d like _(go) out, but I have to do my homework.

7 Sue loves _(make) origami She can fold some animals, birds and flowers.

8 I detested _(spend) two hours every day travelling to work and back.

9 He started _(surf) the net hours ago Let’s tell him to stop ' (surf).

10 I tried hard (concentrate), but my mind kept _(wander).

VIII Choose the best answer a, b, c, or d to complete the sentence.

How much time do you spend TV every day? a watch b to watch c watching

I’d hate J _the exams, so I’m doing my best. a failing b to fail c fail d in watching d failed

I always enjoy to my grandfather He always tells me great stories, a to talk

Could you help me a tidy

Marlene can’t wait a to go

Your child needs _ more exercise. a to lose - eat

9. b to talking c talking I the kitchen? It’s a real mess! b tidied c tidying I

_, so he usually takes a bus to work. b to be driven c be driven I at home or going out on the weekend? b to relax c relaxing to the beach again. b going c for going _ this computer - it’s useless. b to buy c buying some weight Tell him d talk d with tidying d driving d on relaxing d.go d for buying less junk food and take a. come b to lose - to eat c losing - to eat d losing - eat _ to your party! Thank you for inviting me. b coming c to come d came

IX Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

How are you? Let me tell you about what I usually do in my free time.

When I have free time, I love (1) (relax) myself First of all, I enjoy

(2) _(watch) TV, especially movies I like almost all kinds of movies such as action, comedy, and romance However, I dislike (3) (watch) horror movies like zombie films I find them scary and I can’t stand (4) (watch) violent scenes in films In addition, I’m into (5) _(listen) to music because it makes me feel comfortable and relaxed I am really a big fan of Taylor Swift and some Korean bands And I also fancy (6) _(hang out) with my friends and (7) _ (play) some sports like badminton and volleyball Finally, what I like (8) _ (do) in my spare time is going on picnics I’d love (9) _(go) to the beaches with my family or my friends at weekends All in all, these are the activities I prefer (10) _(do) for leisure What about you?

X Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.

1 I’ve been crazy _this role-playing games recently.

2 She thinks puzzles are good the brain.

3 I enjoyed hanging out _Sarah when we were kids.

4 Could you help me look _my contact lens?

5 What do you usually do your leisure time?

6 A lot of kids nowadays have become addicted _surfing the net.

7 My sister loves to do origami _her own in her free time.

8 He spends most of his free time looking _the garden.

9 Today, teenagers rely _ technology more than in the past.

10 Surfing the net for too many hours can be harmful _your health. c SPEAKING

I Write questions for the underlined parts.

1 A: ? B: My mother watches Korean dramas every afternoon.

2 A: ? B: They went to the movies yesterday evening.

3 A: _: _? B: I love hanging out with my best friend Helen.

4 A: ? B: I don’t give my personal information to websites because it’s easy to be stolen.

5 A: ' , ? B: Yes, I’d like to visit the museum with you.

6 A: _? B: Do-it-yourself (DIY) is the most popular pastime in my country.

7 A: _: ? B: The art of paper folding originated in China.

8 A: . ? B: I felt excited when I took part in Lightning Quiz game show.

II Put the dialogue into the correct order.

_What types of books do you like most?

_Well, reading gives me much pleasure and knowledge Books are a rich source of information, you know.

_Yeah, it’s my favourite pastime.

Comic books, science fiction novels, story books, etc I also like to draw and paint in my leisure time.

What an enjoyable pastime you have!

Hi! I’m going to the bookstore to buy some books.

Nice! You’re so talented!

The bookstore? You enjoy reading, don’t you?

I spend my leisure time gardening I have planted many different types of flowers, plants, and trees in my garden.

Thanks What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?

I don’t like reading at all Why do you like reading?

I Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

( models by through origami together upstream folding schools ]

Origami is the Japanese word for paper (1) _■ ORI means to fold and KAMI means paper (2) _, they form the word, “origami” It is an art form that has been handed down from parent to child (3) _many generations Origami involves the creation of paper forms usually entirely (4) _folding Animals, birds, fish, geometric shapes, puppets, toys and masks are among the (5) that even very young children can learn to make in just one sitting.

In Japan, at one time origami was taught in (6) _but today, children are generally taught origami at home Holidays are celebrated with colorful (7) _ decorations made by the family On children’s day (formerly boy’s day), children make colorful carp: a fish that swims (8) , against the current This symbolizes strength.

II Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

The British spend their free time in different ways People generally use it to relax, but many people also do voluntary work, especially for charities.

In the home, television dominates leisure time, with an average of 25 hours of viewing weekly Reading also holds a significant place, particularly in the consumption of newspapers and magazines Outdoor activities like gardening thrive in the summer months, while do-it-yourself projects become popular winter pastimes as individuals focus on home improvements and repairs.

Some leisure activities are mostly or entirely social Inviting friends for a drink or a meal at home is the most usual one Sometimes people join friends for a drink in a pub, or have dinner in a restaurant.

The extra time available at weekends means that some leisure activities, many of them to do with sport, normally take place only then Traditional spectator sports include football, cricket, horse racing, motor racing and motorcycle racing Popular forms of exercise are swimming, tennis, ice skating or roller-skating, cycling, climbing, and hill or country walking.

Families often have a ‘day out’ at the weekend, especially in summer, with a visit to a local event such as a festival, fair or show Young people especially go to clubs and discos, while people of all ages go to the theatre, the cinema, art exhibitions and concerts.

A Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 Many British people use their free time to help people in need.

2 In the summer, the British prefer indoor activities.

3 All free time activities are individual activities.

4 Sometimes people go with their friends to a pub or restaurant.

5 Most British people watch or do sports at the weekend.

6 British young people don’t like going to the movies.

1 What’s the most popular free time activity in the UK?

2 How many hours a week do the British watch TV?

3 In winter, what do the British often do in their spare time?

4 Which sports do many British people enjoy watching?

I Write sentences with the cues given.

1 Mai/ usually/ listen/ K-pop music/ free time.

2 when/1/ be/ a child/1/ enjoy/ play/ computer games.

3 my father/ spend/ most/ spare time/ look after/ the garden.

4 watching TV/ most/ popular/ leisure activity/ Britain?

5 many teenagers/ addicted/ the Internet/ computer games.

6 she/ not be/ interested/ watch/ that drama/ the life of doctors.

7 most/ my friends/ prefer/ play sports/ to/ surf the net.

8 Jamie/ be/ keen/ play sport/ and he/ usually spend/ his free time/ play basketball/ his friends.

II Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.

1 I like doing puzzles alone more than playing basketball with friends.

2 She likes to hang out with friends on Saturday evening.

3 I like cooking, making crafts, reading, and surfing the net in my free time My leisure activities

4 Could you help me with this box?

5 DIY skills aren’t as hard to learn as I think.

6 Who will take care of the garden while you are away?

7 How about going window-shopping this afternoon?

8 What leisure activity do you like most?

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

II Choose the odd one out.

1 a socializing b communicating c hanging out d snowboarding

2 a saving money b collecting stamps c making origami d doing DIY

5 a magazine b mobile game c newspaper d book

III Underline the correct answer.

1 How much time a day do you spend surfing I doing the Web?

2 One of Jesse’s favourite free I leisure activities is swimming.

3 Playing sports helps you stay in shape I touch.

4 Most teenagers prefer messaging I visiting their friends to seeing them in person.

5 She enjoys making/rzeWs / crafts She has a collection of handmade items.

6 They love reading comics Ifairy tales such as Doraemon and Naruto.

7 Would you mind I like closing the window? It’s cold.

8 My son’s crazy I addicted to computer games - he hardly ever comes out of his room.

IV Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 How much time do you spend leisure acivities? a on b in c for d with

2 Why don’t you buy your sister a DIY kit? She seems fond it. a on b in c at d of

3 Many young people don’t walking to school or playing active games. a prefer b enjoy c suggest d want

4 Daisy isn’t _social media She doesn’t even have a Facebook account. a tired of b bored with c interested in d angry at

5 My brother always looks for easy recipes _he isn’t very good at cooking. a because b although c when d as long as

6 On YouTube you can find many videos on all aspects of your English. a surfing b working c taking d improving

7 This origami crane looks nice. taught you to make it? a Which b Who c What d Whose

8 My sister is into She goes to famous ski resorts every winter. a knitting b cooking c snowboarding d exercising

9 Practising yoga helps improve muscle strength and _stress. a increase b reduce c create d delete

10 ‘My favourite leisure activity is people watching.’ ‘ _’ a That sounds so weird! b That’s all right. c OK That’s what you’ve chosen d Sure It’s very entertaining.

V Choose the underlined part, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 Having leisure activities are truly important to the elderly.

14 • BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 8 - PHẤN BÀI TẬP

2 Although she wanted to go to the museum, she decided staving at home.

3 Parents are concerned that their kids may be spending too many time on screens.

4 Collecting coins is exciting, but it can also be relaxed.

5 Cloud watch sounds weird, but Hang adores it.

6 For some young people, enjoyment involves sitting in front a computer playing games.

7 He has to visit that bakery every Sunday, he’s crazy of its garlic bread.

8 Christina is not fond of doing crosswords because she is a very patient person.

VI Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

1 At present, the social networks _(become) more popular among young generation.

2 What leisure activities _ (Sue/ usually/ do) with her friends?

3 When I was a student, I _ (not like) doing homework.

4 Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin (found) Facebook in 2004.

5 The American _(spend) 34 hours a week watching television.

6 Look! This young girl (fold) a lot of origami cranes.

7 I’ve just bought a new video game I (play) it tonight.

8 I wasn’t too keen on _(play) tennis two years ago.

9 What sports would you like (try) in the future?

10 Many teenagers prefer _(watch) TV to _(read) books.

VII Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 The Internet is very _; it takes up a lot of our time, (addict)

2 I enjoy with friends and going out at the weekend, (social)

3 There’s a _between some online games and violent behaviours,

4 Are you in the new Gears Of War games? (interest)

5 She listens to classical music for _ (relax)

7 Exercises will help you increase muscle (strong)

8 Face to face _is better than video calls, (communicate)

IX Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap.

My favourite (1) now is to learn new TikTok dance and trends You might be cringy right now but trust me it is super addictive To be very fair, when I first downloaded TikTok, I had no idea (2) to use that app, or sometimes I would wonder to myself

“how did he/she learn the dance move?” Then came that day when I actually tried one of the dance moves, and I never stopped from (3)_on I think it is partly because on TikTok it is easier for people to “notice” you in a way When I first posted my video, I did not check it (4)_ the next few days and when I did I was in shock because I had 3k views but only 10 followers That was what kept me (5) _to post more and more every day I also do it because I feel like it is really fun and it (6) _me happy whenever I do, it feels like I am just running away (7) _my stress for a moment. Till today, one of the most viewed TikTok videos that I posted has 85k views and it low- key makes me feel (8)_ TikTok has really occupied my free time these past few months.

VIII Match the questions to the answers.

1 What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?

2 How much time do you have each week for socialising with friends?

3 What do you think is the best leisure activity for teens?

4 Why do you join English club?

5 Do you prefer to spend your free time alone or with other people?

6 What do you dọ to relax yourself?

7 How often do you use social media?

8 Do you have any plans for next weekend? a I don’t know doing sport or playing a musical instrument. b I want to improve my speaking skill. c I prefer to spend my free time with my family and friends. d I’m not sure I might watch a video at home. e For relaxation, I prefer listening to soft music. f Every day to get Facebook updates from friends and family. g About five hours or fewer. h I love reading and spend as much time as I can doing that.

X Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

With the advent of the Internet, Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) has emerged as a pressing concern, affecting countless individuals Similar to addictions such as gambling, smoking, and alcohol consumption, IAS manifests as an uncontrollable urge to engage with the Internet Addicts experience cravings for the Internet upon waking, conceal their online time from loved ones, and struggle to reduce usage despite their desire to do so Prolonged online activity has been linked to severe consequences, including relationship breakdowns, job displacement, financial distress, and even suicide The prevalence of IAS is evident in a recent study, which revealed that many users spend an astonishing 40 hours or more per week on the Internet.

LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

I Say the words aloud, then circle the correct sound.

II Put the underlined words into the correct columns.

1 There aren’t many houses with gardens in big cities.

2 My grandmother likes collecting recipes for desserts from around the world.

3 The explorers are looking for an oasis among this vast desert.

4 The pagoda is situated on the top of the mountain.

5 We mainly cultivate some fresh vegetables for our daily meals.

6 This historical town is famous for its many canals.

7 The security guard observed every visitor and pointed out the thief.

8 The children were excited to go on a field trip to an ancient castle.

I Match the word or phrase with its definition. a chickens, ducks and geese that are kept for meat or eggs b a long passage dug into the ground and filled with water made for boats to travel along, or to bring water to a place c a large machine that cuts the crop and separates the grains

4 cattle d a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food e.cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals f a type of food or product that a place is famous for g.a flooded field where rice is grown h the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields i the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests

) an area of land where people grow fruit trees

II Complete the sentences with the words in part I Use the plural form if necessary.

1 Rice is the most important _in Mekong Delta.

2 We visited Venice last year, and had a boat ride on the Grand .

3 The makes harvesting easy and saves a lot of time and effort.

4 My grandfather is raising some _in his garden to collect eggs.

5 Farmers plant rice on their _in the village.

6 Visitors to Nha Trang can enjoy various famous ' _ such as rice pancakes, grilled pork rolls, grilled fish noodles, etc.

7 A boy was driving the herd of to the pasture.

8 It is , and all the farmers are very busy.

9 Let’s walk along the river and enjoy the beautiful _.

10 We picked baskets of pears from the pear _.

III Complete the sentences with the adjectives from the box. enjoyable peaceful hospitable quiet Inconvenient fresh traditional exciting vast well-trained picturesque

1 I think life in the city is more than life in the countryside.

2 It was very there; you could just hear the wind moving in the trees.

3 I love the _open spaces and the _ air in the countryside.

4 The villagers often find it to get into town due to the lack of public transport.

5 Most of the people I met in the town were very kind and _. _.

6 They lived in a wine-growing village in a(n) _landscape of small hills.

7 Mai and her friends had a(n) _day out in the countryside.

8 The most popular _games in Vietnam are Dragon and Snake, Cat and Mouse, Hide and Seek.

9 The school employed teachers to cultivate the talents.

10 Life in the countryside is more _and healthier.

IV Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1 After harvesting, drying _is the most crucial step, (plant I rice)

2 In this summer camp, kids can learn how to fish, (catch I pick)

3 The children are helping _bags of rice from the truck, (load I unload)

4 My parents raise about 50 pigs and they have to them every day (feed I collect)

5 Do farmers use advanced technology to _the paddy fields? (dry I plough)

6 Did you ' the buffaloes during your vacation in the countryside? (herd I move)

7 - the cow also requires technique and tenderness (Watching I Milking)

8 The best part of our trip to Da Lat was _the strawberries, (picking I cutting)

9 The villagers mainly _rice and raise cattle, (cultivate I harvest)

10 is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. (Cultivating I

V Underline the correct form of the word.

1 We’ve all been working very hard I hardly and now we’re tired.

2 Our school Internet connection is really slow I slowly.

3 What’s the matter with him? He looks angry / angrily.

4 The children are playing quiet I quietly in the garden.

5 Rural areas are common / commonly known as the countryside or villages.

6 Everyone is stuck inside because it is raining very heavy I heavily outside.

7 I enjoy the fresh air and the bright I brightly sunshine at the beach.

8 We all find living in the city very stressful I stressfully.

9 Don’t talk so fast/fastly -1 can’t understand what you’re saying.

10 John was a kindly and generous I generously man.

VI Complete the dialogue with the compararive form of the adjectives in brackets.

David: How do you like living in the big city?

Maria: There are many things that are (1) _-.(good) than living in the country!

David: Can you give me some examples?

Maria: Well, it certainly is (2) _(interesting) than the country There is so much more to do and see!

David: Yes, but the city is (3) (dangerous) than the country.

Maria: That’s true People in the countryside are (4) (friendly) than those in the city.

David: I’m sure that the country is (5) (relaxed), too!

Maria: Yes, the city is (6) _(busy) than the country However, the country is much (7) _(slow) than the city.

David: I think that’s a good thing!

Maria: The country is so slow and boring! It’s much (8) (boring) than the city.

David: Life in the country is a lot (9) _(healthy) than in the city, I think. Maria: Sure, it’s (10) (clean) too But, the city is so much (11) _

VII Complete the sentences with the comparative form of adverbs in the box Add ‘than’ where necessary. carefully hard quietly slowly healthily well badly clearly far fast]

1 The teacher spoke to help US to understand.

2 She answered all the questions _the other students and she got a very good mark.

3 The Spanish athlete ran the other runners, so he won the race.

4 There aren’t many birds here, let’s go into the forest.

5 This street is crowded and narrow Couldn’t you drive a bit ?

6 These days we are eating _ever before.

7 I did on the test than Mark did He got an A+ and I just got an A.

8 The teacher can’t read your handwriting You have to write .

9 Does more money make you work ?

10 You’re talking so loudly Could you speak a bit _, please?

VIII Underline the correct words or phrases.

1 Cattle usually cross over the road You should drive more careful I more carefully.

2 Life in some parts of the country is boring I more boring than that in other parts.

3 The old usually get up earlier I more early than the young.

4 An ox doesn’t plough weller I better than a buffalo.

5 These 7 thinking habits will help you become more confident I more confidently.

6 Don’t worry The river is not as deep I deeper as it looks.

7 After a hard working day, you may sleep soundlier I more soundly than usual.

8 My father has been much healthier I more healthy since he stopped smoking.

9 The air in the mountainous zones is more fresh I fresher than that in the cities.

10 I can’t understand Would you ask him to speak clearlier I more clearly?

IX Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Some people think that health is _than money, (important)

2 The pollution in our city is much _than it used to be (bad)

3. _ My new teacher explained the lessons than my old teacher, (clear)

4 He doesn’t play volleyball as as his brother, (good)

5 Get rid of the sorrow! You will do it _next time, (good)

6 Communication is a lot than it was 50 years ago (easy)

7 People in rural areas wear ; _than those in cities, (simple)

8 Robert arrived at the meeting _than Francis, (late)

9 These trousers are too wide Do you have any that are ? (narrow)

10 My mother always gets up than everybody else in the house, (early)

11 Rene speaks than the other ESL students in the class, (fluent)

12 Can’t you think of anything _to say? (intelligent)

13 I think his new book is much than his last one (boring)

14 Max finished the homework than anyone else in the class, (fast)

15 He doesn’t look as - as he used to (happy)

X Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.

1 The farmers loaded the rice straw _a big truck.

2 The villagers were harvesting rice _a combine harvester.

3 He joined the boys herding the buffaloes.

4 Would you like to visit the countryside _harvest time?

5 Visitors can reach the village air or ferry

6 The village is full fascinating sights, such as traditional houses, museums, etc.

7 How was you trip to the beach? You look great _a tan.

8 That machine is used to separate the grains _the rest of the plant.

9 My father used to live _a farm when he was younger.

10 Last summer holiday I went a trip _the countryside. c SPEAKING a I usually played outside with my friends. Sometimes we went into the city to go shopping or see a movie.

I Match the questions with the answers.

1 What is your hometown, Michele? b Actually I find it exciting to live in the city, but it’s so crowded and the people aren’t friendly. c It’s pretty small, just about 1.86 sq mi. d Ten years ago. e I lived in a small town called Beaverton. f About three thousand people I think. g When I was little I liked it, but when I got older I found it pretty boring being in such a small town. h Twice or three times a month.

II Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

Sounds great! I wish I could join

Hi Thang It's Tony How is your stay there?

Two hours? Wow! It must be fun.

I'm so envious of you! I wish I could try that too.

But where can you fly kites?

Really? What did you do yesterday?

You have a lot of new friends there, don't you?

Wow! Who did you go swimming with?

Thang: Hi Tony! It’s very exciting here I’m having a wonderful time.

Thang: Lots of interesting things Yesterday we went swimming in a river.

Thang: My cousins and their friends We played and swam for 2 hours.

Thang: Yeah And today I’m going to herd the buffaloes with them.

Thang: Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to fly kites together It’s even more exciting, I think.

Thang: Yes I made friends with many local boys They’re very friendly.

Thang: There are lots of open fields nearby They’re great places to fly a kite.

Thang: Well, I wish you were here Tony.

I Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

2 How big is the town?

3 What is the town’s population?

4 Did you like your hometown?

5 What did you usually do for fun?

6 How often did you go to the city?

7 When did you move to the city?

8 Do you prefer city or country life? outdoor around peaceful conclusion boring isolated possible polluted J

Nowadays, some people choose to live and work in the countryside New ways of working, such as online working, have made it (1) _for more people to live there There are both advantages and disadvantages to living in the countryside.

On the one hand, life in the countryside is very (2) _ There are less cars and that means that there is less noise, and that it is less (3) ■ Furthermore, there is more land available in the countryside, and people can often live in bigger houses or flats than in cities Finally, it is easier to do a lot of (4) _activities such as walking or cycling if you live in the countryside On the other hand, life in the countryside can be (5) There are fewer restaurants, cinemas and shops to go to. Moreover, there is little public transport, which makes it difficult to get (6) if you don’t have a car Finally, you can feel (7) _if you live a long way from other people.

In (8) _, there are both pros and cons to living in the countryside. However, in my opinion, the peacefulness of the countryside makes it a very attractive option.

II Read the text carefully, then answer the questions.

Many people enjoy living in a big city because they think life is more exciting there However, I come from a small village and in my view, there are lots of benefits The main reason I prefer village life is because it’s very quiet, so I always feel calm when I’m here Another reason is that the air is so fresh and clean We have more green spaces and bigger gardens, too In addition, I think the people here are friendlier Personally, I’m interested in wildlife photography, so the countryside is perfect for me.

The only downside is transport I have an early start for a long journey to school in Faro and the school bus is always stopping to pick up more people Also, it’s boring sometimes, but I enjoy chatting to my friends Fortunately, I’m learning to ride a moped On balance, I disagree that city life is better, as I think my village lifestyle is healthier and more relaxing In spite of that, some of my friends couldn’t cope with life in the country, so it comes down to personal opinion.

1 Where does the writer come from?

2 Does he like living in a big city?

3 Why does he prefer village life?

4 How does he think about the people in his village?

5 What is he interested in?

6 According to the writer, what is the disadvantage of living in the village?

7 How does he go to school?

8 Does he think city life is better than village life?

I Reorder the words to make sentences.

1 say that/ Some people/ it’s/ children/ in the city/ for/ to grow up/ better/ than in the countryside

2 the atmosphere/ more/ Is/ in the countryside/ peaceful/ much/ than in the city?

3 because/ the air/ People/ living/ clean and fresh/ the villages/ enjoy/ is/ in

4 We/ onto I load/ helped/ two big trucks/ the farmers/ the rice

5 the countryside/ less modern/ in/ Life/ today/ ten years/ than/ ago/ it/ was/ is

6 In the countryside/ children/ in the city/ play/ freely/ than/ more

7 the village/ windmills and houses/ come to/ its/ Many visitors/ because of/ historic

8 their parents/ pick/ The children/ herd/ fruit/ sometimes/ and/ help/ cattle

II Write a comparative sentence using the information and the word in brackets.

1 The average rainfall in Arica, Chile is 0.76mm per year The average rainfall in the Libyan Sahara Desert is less than 15mm per year, (dry)

2 Henry arrived at the meeting at 7 o’clock I arrived at 6.45 (soon)

3 It costs 100 million dong to build a concrete bridge, but only 50 million dong to build a steel bridge, (expensive)

4 It takes Linh 45 minutes to load hay onto the cart, but his father needs only 30 minutes, (slowly)

5 His house yard is about 100 square meters while your house yard is about 50 square meters, (large)

6 A horse can run 80km/h while a dog can run 50km/h (fast)

7 I do yoga three times a week, but my sister does it almost every day (frequently)

8 The Australian athlete jumped 8.78m The American athlete jumped 8.59m (far) The Australian athlete

9 Red River is 1.149 km long Mekong River is 4.350km long, (long)

10 It was very difficult to travel to the town 5 years ago Now people can drive a car or take a bus to the town, (easily)

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

II Complete the passage with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Is life better now than it was in the past? Of course in many ways life is (1) (easy) now We live in the world which is (2) (clean) and safer It is generally

(3) _(healthy) as well, and because of improvements in medical care, both men and women can expect to live (4) _(long) lives Our day-to-day existence is (5) _(comfortable), but are we (6) (happy)?

The rhythm of life is faster, and (7) _(stressful) People are always in a hurry In the end it is hard to say things were (8) _(good) or (9) (bad) than before As the saying goes ‘the grass is always (10) _(green) on the other side of the fence’.

III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 The villagers were all tired after a long hard-working day _the farm. a of b with c for d on

2 _did the Mitchells spend their summer holiday, Paris or Rome? a What b Where c Which d When

3 I think country life is so boring and because you’re not close to shops and services. a unhealthy b inconvenient c comfortable d peaceful

4 On the farm, uncle Duong showed US how to cucumbers. a plough b produce c pick d put up

5 People come to this region to see the beautiful fields long distances. a stretching b to stretch c stretched d being stretched

6 On the side of the road, a herd boy was herding _. a kites b hay c cattle d blackberries

7 The combine harvester helps farmers complete work usual. a faster than b faster c more fast than d fast

8 Does your new stereo play music _than your old one did? a more loud b more loudly c loudlier d more louder

9 sightseeing, visitors can also go kayaking when visiting Ha Long Bay. a Therefore b However c Besides d Although

10 ‘Children in my village often fly their kites in dry rice fields.’ ‘’ a They look great! b I’m glad you like it. c Exactly what I want d How interesting!

IV Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 Farzana did poor on her algebra quiz because she couldn’t concentrate well.

2 The test was more difficult than I expected I could finish it at least 20 minutes early.

3 Although the island has no clean water and electric, it attracts lots of tourists.

4 The bees can easy sting anyone coming close to their beehives.

5 I love farm work, such as digging holes, sowing seeds and I pick fruit.

6 She is boring with the silent surroundings because she used to live in a big city.

7 Life in the countryside is much peaceful and the life is also slower.

8 Children in this village learn herding cattle when they are very small.

V Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

1 We _(play) football this afternoon Do you want to play too?

2 Could you meet me at the airport tomorrow? My flight _ (arrive) at six.

3 Last summer, my friends and I _(spend) our holiday on a farm.

4 _(Nick/ ride) a buffalo drawn cart when he visited your home town?

5 The cattle _(graze) on the green pastures right now.

6 Some farmers _(work) in the rice field when I walked there.

7 My family _(live) in a small town for ten years before moving to Boston.

8 Country life (not excite) me at all It’s so boring.

9 Nick would like _(visit) the countryside at harvest time.

10 I don’t mind ' _(drive) for 1.5 hours on the weekend to get out to the countryside.

VI Write the correct form of the word in brackets.

1 People seem to have lost their in boating on small rivers, (enjoy)

2 More and more are leaving the countryside to city, (farm)

3 A town has a _population than a village does, (large)

4 Sylvia likes the _atmosphere during her stay in the valley, (peace)

5 Are the houses in your home town _by green trees? (surround)

6 Visually the house is very pleasing, but it’s (comfort)

7 It is true that the city can provide much (convenient)

8 Agricultural work is _seen as a male occupation, (tradition)

9 London is very _, especially in summer, (crowd)

10 Rice _is well-suited to countries with high rainfall, (cultivate)

VII Match the questions with the answers.

1 Which is better, city life or rural life?

2 From whom did you learn to make kites?

3 Where can you fly a kite in your village?

4 Why do you store the hay?

5 Do you think country people are friendlier?

6 When would you like to visit the countryside?

7 Are there any street markets in your home town?

8 What do you love most about the countryside?

VIII Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Although the city seems to have a lot of great things, the country can offer as (1) satisfaction as well The country is a marvelous place to live in It offers a very relaxing feeling, and it is filled (2) magnificent views and scenery Rural towns offer more a Yes, there are some. b At harvest time. c My father. d Its peacefulness. e Both have pros and cons. f To feed our cattle. g In dry paddy fields. h Yes They’re also happier. open space than cities and aren’t overcrowded The country can also maybe help you become a more independent and (3)_person You can buy a small piece of land, plough it and put some (4) _in order to grow your own vegetables This way you (5) _your own crops, and eat and live in a very healthy way (6) _, being in the countryside makes you more of an outdoor person who often enjoy the voices and wild places of nature Not everyone is (7)to the city life and not everyone has the desire to live permanently in the countryside It is a matter of perspective and personal point of(8) :.

6 a By contrast b However c Therefore d In addition

IX Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.

My name is Jane and I live in a small town called Snow Owl It took its name from the fact that there are a lot of snow owls on the mountain and forest.

Snow Owl is located on the northern part of the country, established on the base of Sky Mountain and surrounded by the Dark Forest Even though the name sounds scary, it is actually very beautiful and nice A wonderful river comes down from the mountain and passes through the town, splitting it into two If you ever visit my hometown, beware of the wolves; especially if you are in the part that is near the mountain.

People are really kind and care about each other We always try to find ways to help each other However, on the downside everybody knows everything about everybody and if you want to hide, it is extremely difficult.

The town itself doesn’t have a lot of sights to visit A big historic library from the 1800’s, still functional, is standing in the middle of the village, next to the Town Hall There are also two bridges that connect the town The one on the south is the oldest and most beautiful I sometimes go and sit by the river just to admire it For entertainment we have the old theatre, some coffee shops and restaurants Younger people prefer to visit neighboring towns and cities since it gives them more choices of entertainment.

My hometown is one of the greatest in the world and I wouldn’t trade it for anything.

(https: I I WWW englishwithgeorge com/my hometown)

TEENAGERS

I Make sentences from the cues given.

1 At the moment/ we/ prepare/ the English oral test.

2 The sports club leader/ provide/ members/ new activities/ tomorrow.

3 They/ hold/ the spelling bee contest/ 15th October/ usual.

4 She/ quit/ the club/ last year/ because/ she/ face/ too much/ pressure/ schoolwork.

5 What types/ social media/ be/ most teens/ interested?

6 Teens/ often/ use/ Messenger/ chat/ friends/ school and life.

7 You/ need/ log on/ your account/ in order/ upload your video.

8 Why/ she/ choose/ use/ Twitter/ instead/ Facebook?

II Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.

1 Adam joined a DIY club because he wanted to make presents by hand.

2 Although I have an Instagram account, I don’t usually use it.

3 Chatting online is more comfortable than talking face to face.

4 Do you fancy playing badminton with me after school?

5 Discussing problems with my friends made me feel less anxious.

6 How long is it since you joined the English club?

7 I’m not interested in using TikTok, Facebook, and Twitter.

8 We sometimes argue because we have different interests.

9 How about creating a private group on Facebook?

10 Is there a literature club at your secondary school?

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

II Look at the picture clues, then complete the sentences with the school clubs from the box. arts and crafts club cooking club foreign language club chess club music club book club gardening club sports club

Joining a _can help students improve their math and logic skills.

2 Students can play football, volleyball, basketball, badminton, etc in the .

3 If you want to improve your English, come to our

4 I learned to make this paper dragon in the

5 In the , students will learn how to play several instruments individually or in small groups.

6 In the , chidren have lots of fun making different dishes including: snacks, biscuits, muffins, fajitas and fried eggs, etc.

7 We will discuss some important lessons we learned from the Harry Potter stories in the _ this Friday.

8 Students in the _grow and look after plants in the school grounds.

III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete

1 Keira always turns her phone whenever she wants to focus on studying. a off b down c on d up

2 We became best friends after working together a history project. a in b on c with d at

3 Those students look really _in their school uniforms. a hard-working b stressful c mature d sensitive

4 There were lots of interesting activities, many students wanted to join the club. a but b because c however d so

5 ‘ led our class football team last year?’ ‘It was Mr Davis.’ a What b Which c Who d When

6 I hope it won’t rain tomorrow; , the match will be cancelled. a otherwise b however c moreover d therefore

7 I mainly use social media to remain connected with my family and friends. a forums b websites c logs d posts

8 The arts club will help you think by providing different topics every week. a creativelier b most creatively c much creatively d more creatively

9 I decided to the photography club in order to learn more about taking photos. a employ b upload c join d belong

10 ‘Excuse me, could you show me the way to the library?’ ‘ ’ a Yes, you can borrow books there b Certainly Turn right over there. c Don’t worry It’s not far from here d Exactly! I’m right here.

IV Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 We can upload our own videos and watch other people’ videos on YouTube.

2 Teens enjoy using TikTok so it provides them with a variety of interesting topics.

3 Emily swims really good, and she won three gold medals last year.

4 Students need to log to their student accounts in order to do this online English test.

5 Would you like participating in the dancing contest that will be held next month?

6 Some teens are under pressure because they want to meet their parents’ expectancy.

7 I created a Facebook account so that I can chat with my friends on school and life.

8 Timothy is really good at social activities, design, and playing musical instrument.

V Supply the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

1 I (create) my Facebook account about two years ago.

2 Stress from schoolwork (affect) teens’ concentration in class.

3 _(the girls/ perform) a TikTok dance at the moment?

4 The guitar club _(start) at 5 p.m every Friday and _(last) for two hours.

5 Our teachers _(often/ not talk) to students about peer pressure.

6 _(you/ record) your own voice when you practised speaking English?

7 In the future, the school _(organise) more club activities for its students.

8 Some students (bully) Monica at her old school, which led to her depression.

9 Carlos doesn’t join any clubs because he detests _ (do) club activities.

10 Painting helps me (improve) my creativity and imagination.

VI Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 The DIY club is to encourage students to think more _ (create)

2. Check your Internet first if you can’t log on to the school website, (connect)

3 Students often feel about poor grades at school, (stress)

4 Why do you Instagram as your main social media platform? (choice)

5 We’re going to meet a _pianist this weekend, (profession)

6 It is important for students to report any _to their parents or teachers, (bully)

7 Some teens enjoy doing outdoor while some prefer to play indoors, (act)

8 Many parents worry about the negative impacts of peer _ (press)

9 What is the most location for a short trip after the final exam? (suit)

10 Some teens feel that they have to _with each other at school due to peer pressure, (competition)

1 Do you and your friends enjoy using social media?

2 Which social media websites do you use?

3 What do you use social media sites for?

4 How often do you use social media sites?

5 Which do you like using more, Facebook or Instagram?

6 Why do teens prefer Instagram over

7 What is the most popular social media platform these days?

8 Do you think social media is good or bad?

VIII Choose the word which best fits each gap.

YouTube is the second most (1) website in the world and each day more than

720,000 hours of videos are uploaded to it This video streaming app is also one of the most popular platforms (2) children, from elementary school kids all the way to teens YouTube makes money by keeping people on the platform (3) _video after video, so it’s in their interest to capture (4) _with shocking and engaging videos, even if it’s not good for young users.

Despite its potential for harmful (5) _, YouTube’s educational and wholesome entertainment possibilities are immense - (6) _for young people From changing a bike tire to making a Halloween costume out of things lying around the house, functional and creative videos about (7) to solve problems are incredibly common.

In addition a I use them daily, whenever I have free time. b Because it lets them share their images, videos quite easier, I think. c Yes We’re fond of using TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. d I prefer Instagram. e Facebook and Instagram. f I’m not sure, but I think TikTok. g To upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with my family and friends. h It depends on how you use it.

YouTube is an invaluable resource for teenagers, offering a vast array of educational videos From academic tutorials to practical demonstrations, there are endless options to enhance understanding and learning Whether it's exploring complex scientific concepts, mastering new languages, or delving into historical events, YouTube provides a wealth of content that aligns with school curriculum Additionally, it hosts fitness videos including exercise, yoga, and stretching routines, promoting physical well-being.

3 a to watch b watching c watch d watched

IX Read the text carefully, then answer the questions.

Getting enough sleep is important for people of any age In teenagers, good quality sleep is really essential because it plays an important role in their physical, emotional and mental development Sleep benefits the brain and promotes attention, memory, and analytical thought.

Sleep deprivation, on the other hand, leads to drowsiness, lack of attention, and causes poor academic performance Inadequate sleep in teenagers can also increase their risk of depression, anxiety and low self-esteem.

Experts recommend that teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night to maintain good health However, most teenagers get far less than the recommended hours of sleep every night This is partly due to the natural shift in their circadian rhythm, which makes it difficult for them to sleep before 11pm They have a natural tendency to stay up late in the night and sleep in longer during the morning Other factors contributing to sleep problems include an early start at school, a heavy workload of homework and school assignments, extracurricular activities, a busy social life, and an excessive use of electronic devices Teenagers may end up staying late at night to fit in many of these tasks or to hang out with friends at night during the weekends, which can all leave them sleep deprived.

1 Why is sleep extremely important for teenagers?

2 What are the benefits of sleep for the brain?

3 How can sleep deprivation affect a teenager’s life?

4 How many hours of sleep does a teenager need every night?

5 Are most teenagers getting enough sleep?

6 What are the causes of sleep deprivation in teenagers?

X Reorder the words to make sentences.

1 some sports/ should/ play/ Teenagers/ to keep/ and relieve/ fit/ stress.

2 for/ meeting grounds/ remain/ Social media sites/ Facebook and Instagram/ popular/ teens/ the most/ including.

3 Today/ discussing/ different types/ we/ are/ that/ facing/ are/ students/ of presssure.

4 addicted/ I’m/ Facebook/ to/1/ check/ and/ my notifications/ every 5 minutes.

5 was/ he/ stressed/ because/ his/ meet/ tried/ He/ hard/ too/ to/ parents’ expectations.

6 to participate/ are/ an/ to encourage/ in/ After school clubs/ teenagers/ extracurricular activities/ excellent way.

7 Which/ is/ connect/ teens/ safe/ to/ new friends/ for/ social media site/ with?

8 there is/ available/ In schools,/ for/ clubs and activities/ a wide variety/ students/ to join/ of.

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. í a club b upload c cultivate d forum

II Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

III Complete each sentence with an appropriate word The first letter is given.

1 Farmers often raise some p _, such as chickens and ducks, for their eggs.

2 My sister is c about K-Pop She is a big fan of BTS and Super Junior.

3 Cycling, running and swimming are all good leisure a you should try.

4 Most teens say they feel a lot of p _to get good grades.

5 I came across a music club brochure while I was b _ the school website.

6 At h time, farmers are busy in the fields collecting the annual crops.

7 Most Vietnamese parents have high educational e _for their children.

8 I love h _out with my best friend Helen at weekends.

IV Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. _ Jean is really photography, and she enjoys taking pictures of natural landscapes. a in b at c into d for

2 Film fans can also watch from home by logging walkoffame.com. a for b on c at d on to

3 Cindy is afraid of getting sunburn, so she dislikes playing any _sports. a winter b team c outdoor d physical

4 The farmers are wheat on their agricultural land in the village. a living b gardening c loading d cultivating

5 drop that mobile phone and do your homework? a Why don’t youb How about c Would you mind d When did you

6 Instagram is so popular around the globe due to its interface. a friendly-user b used-friendly c user-friendly d friendly-used

7 People in rural areas live than those in cities. a simplier b more simply c more simple d simpler

8 Tourists can climb up the mountain, they can use the cable car service. a or b and c but d so

9 Social media has become an important part of our lives. , it’s important to realise that social media can be addictive. a Moreover b Otherwise c However d Therefore

10 ‘Would you like to join our cleanup event this weekend?’ ’ a Why not? Let’s go b Certainly I like it. c It’s very kind of you Thank you d That’s great Thanks.

V Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 Yesterday we listed lots of better things to do instead of watch TV.

2 Origami, which is a popular art of paper fold, originated from Japan.

3 When you play game online, be careful when you make friends to strangers.

4 She goes to the dance club with her friends every evening Sunday.

5 Although those children are really young, they are trained-well to herd cattle.

6 Playing team sports gives you much fun than individual sports.

7 They found these games more difficulty to win than the previous ones.

8 Wonderful family days out are some of most special memories.

9 Due to the development of cities destroys farmland, many farmers lose their jobs.

10 Do you know that an average person check Facebook over 30 hours a week?

VI Supply the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1 How often _(she/ take) a trip to the countryside?

2 I once (go) camping at Lake Darling with some friends.

3 When my father was young, he (not spend) much time on social media.

4 Theodore _(be) fond of doing DIY projects when he studied at high school.

5 Where is Jeanny? ~ She (practise) the piano in the music room.

6 _(your family/ move) to the city in 2008?

7 Teenagers (constantly/ post) about what seems like perfect lives on social media sites.

8 I’ve got the tickets Next week we (visit) Hanoi.

9 Do you fancy (come) on a day trip to my uncle’s farm next Saturday?

10 Children in this village learn (herd) the cattle when they are small.

VII Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 His to the Internet is taking over his life, (addict)

2. _ The tourists thanked the villagers for their and hospitality, (generous) 3. _ Children in rural areas often travel to school _than those in big cities, (far)

4 Mark is such a talented person that everyone is of him (envy) 5. _ The school festival is held in January, before Lunar New Year, (tradition)

6 The Internet has already changed the way people (social)

7 Thanks to the combine _, farmers can save a lot of time and money, (harvest)

8 There are so many activities I want to do in the countryside, flying kites, (special)

IX Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Are you a screenager? Are you (1) _glued to the TV, texting your friends, chatting online, or perhaps trying to move (2) another level in one of your favourite video games? Well, if you are, you are in the majority.

Most teenagers do almost (3) _electronically They watch digital TV, listen to music on a digital MP3 player and (4) with friends through email, instant messaging or by mobile phone Teenagers even do most of their reading online now. When they need help with their homework, it’s often the Internet that they (5) . Experts from all over the world worry that teenagers’ addiction to technology is having an effect (6) _on their health and on their behaviour In some countries, teenagers are getting help In Asia, there are even boot camps (7) children receive psychological help and treatment It’s (8) that these types of camps will become common in other countries in the future.

5 a carry on b get off c turn to d find out

8 a probable b difficult c comfortable d satisfied a Because I want to develop my creative thinking skills. b Why? Is life in a big city more convenient? c Exactly Web gives teens too many distractions. d Really? Who does he usually chat with? e I’m hanging out with my friends. f We’re glad that you like them That’s our first DIY project. g I’d love to What time is it? h I enjoy using Facebook because it’s very user-friendly.

1 Would you like to go to the baking club with me this Saturday?

2 What types of social media do you like the most?

3 My brother used to hate chatting, but now he likes doing it.

4 The greeting cards you made are so lovely.

5 What are you doing this weekend?

6 Why do you want to join an Art club?

7 Although I really love my home town, I want to live in Ho Chi Minh City.

8 Nowadays young people are becoming too dependent on the Internet.

X Read the text carefully, then do the tasks below.

The population of British cities has been falling for years Cities like Liverpool and Glasgow have lost about 30% of their population in 30 years But Britain’s population is still growing Where are the people going? The answer is to the country More and more people in Britain want to live in the country, and this is causing more and more problems in some rural areas.

The English countryside has a classic image People imagine that life in the country is slow and calm; that there are no traffic jams, no pollution, and no crime.

In some places, this is true; but in others it is not.

Small towns and villages are becoming more and more popular; people have more space and most houses have gardens But problems are growing Lots of people want to live in the country and work in the city; so more and more people travel long distances each day, to go to work Of course they don’t use buses (they are too slow) or trains (they don’t stop in the country); they use cars Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning, just like big cities! And they are getting worse.

The problems are very complicated! If everyone moves into the country, large parts of the countryside will disappear! People leave cities and big towns, to escape from urban problems; but more and more, they are bringing their problems with them.

ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM

5 Among ethnic _ groups, the least populated are Brau, Roman, Odu with several hundred people each, (minor)

6 Five-colour sticky rice is a traditional of Tay people, (special)

7 H’mong people live in the northern _region of Viet Nam (mountain)

8 The Tai are known for their traditional _and their houses on stilts, (weave)

9 The Raglai have a instrument made of bamboo called the chapi. (music)

10 Muong people are more closely related to the Tai people, (culture)

XI Complete each sentence with an appropriate preposition.

1 Nick is curious the ethnic minortity groups in Viet Nam.

2 The Tay ethnic group likes living very close _nature.

3 The M’Nong live in houses built stilts.

4 The Hmong live mostly the mountainous regions the north.

5 The M’Nong in Ban Don are well known _their elephant hunting and dosmetication.

6 Many ethnic minority students are studying _boarding schools.

7 The Thai have a population _about one and a half million people.

8 Tay language belongs the Tay-Thai language group.

9 The communal house is used village meetings and festivities.

10 The chapi is made _a section of an old bamboo. c SPEAKING

I Make questions for the underlined words.

1 A: _ B: We’d like to know something about the cultural groups of Viet Nam.

2 A: _ B: The Tay don’t allow guests to sit in the room of their altar because that room is such a sacred place.

3 A: _' _ B: Tourists can find Vietnam’s most beautiful terraced rice fields in Mu Cang Chai.

4 A: . : _ B: They dug canals to bring water to their rice fields.

5 A: _ B: The Muong speak the Muong language.

B: A typical La Chi stilt house has three apartments.

7 A: _ B: Some ethnic groups lived a semi-nomadic life decades ago.

8 A: _ B: Chief of village Ama H’rin established Ako Dhong village.

B: Most people in the village live simply and happily.

10 A: _ B: The local market is about 3 kilometres from our village.

11 Complete the dialogue with the appropriate phrases or sentences (A - J).

A Exactly And I must learn everything by heart.

B Yes But they also live in earthen houses, and half stilt-half earth houses. c They mostly live in the northern provinces.

E Hi, Thao! I'm reading about Nung people.

G OK, thanks Look at this note and ask me about this ethnic group.

H To my way of thinking, it seems peaceful and interesting.

I They celebrate many festivals in a year, but "Lung Tung" Is the most famous one.

Thao: Hi, Phong! What are you reading?

Phong: (1) Thao: Oh, I see You’ll give a presentation on ethnic minorities, won’t you?

Thao: Let me help you to revise it.

Phong: (3) Thao: Well, where do the Nung live?

Thao: What is the population of the Nung?

UNIT 4: ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM • 63

Thao: Do they live in stilt houses?

Phong: (6) Thao: What is their main source of living?

Phong: (7) _ Thao: How many festivals do they have in a year?

Phong: (8) , _ Thao: One more question What do you think about life in mountainous regions?

Phong: (9) Thao: Great! You did study hard Take a rest Let’s go out for a drink.

I Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

(Including display ethnic which diversity viewed throughout homes J

Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi offers an insight into the 54 different (1) _groups of Vietnam in an effort to preserve cultural heritage and promote socio-cultural (2) _within the country.

The museum boasts an impressive collection of over 15,000 artifacts, encompassing photographs and various multimedia formats like audiotapes Visitors can embark on a virtual tour to explore the indoor exhibition space, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of different ethnic groups, including the Viet, Muong, Tho, Chut, Tay, Thai, and Ka Dai.

H’Mong-Dao, Tang, San Dui, Ngai, Mon-Khmer, Nam-Dao, Cham, Hoa and Khmer ethnic groups There are priceless antiques on (6) _alongside everyday objects such as pipes, baskets and knives.

The outdoor area presents a range of traditional (7) including a Tay stilt house and a Viet house The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and display signs (8) have been translated into French and English.

II Read the text carefully, then do the tasks below.

The Muong, an ethnic minority group in Vietnam, comprises six subgroups and boasts an estimated population of 1.3 million Primarily residing in mountainous districts of Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa provinces, the Muong maintain a distinct language within the Viet-Muong group Throughout the year, they observe numerous traditional ceremonies that contribute to their cultural identity.

The Muong have practiced farming for a long time and wet rice is their main food staple Most of their family’s other income is generated through the exploitation of forest products including mushrooms, dried fungus, ammonium, and sticklac The men are known for basketry as women are skilled in silk spinning and loom weaving.

The Muong have diverse folk arts including folk songs and poems, sorcerer’s worshiping songs, tales, proverbs, lullabies, and riddle songs The gong is the most popular musical instrument along with the flute, the two-string violin, the drum, and the panpipe.

A Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1 The Muong is one of the largest ethnic minorities in Vietnam.

2 The Muong are also called Mol, Mual, Moi, Moi Bi, Au Ta and Ao Ta.

3 The Muong don’t have their own language, so they speak Vietnamese.

4 The Muong live mainly on forest products, such as mushrooms and dried fungus.

5 Muong women are very good at making baskets and loom weaving.

6 The Muong have a rich treasure of folk arts.

1 What is the population of the Muong?

2 Where do the Muong mostly live ?

3 What is the main food product of the Muong?

4 What are musical instruments of the Muong?

I Make sentences from the cues given.

1 which ethnic group/ second largest population/ Viet Nam?

2 Sap dance/ typical dance/ Muong people/ the north.

3 Most/ ethnic minorities/ Viet Nam/ live/ mountainous areas.

4 Thai ethnic minority/ well known/ beautifully woven garments.

5 The New Year celebration/ Lao ethnic group/ lunar April.

6 Many/ young girl/ mountainous regions/ know/ how/ weave/ clothing.

UNIT 4: ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM • 65

7 What/ the students/ learn/ the life/ the Cham/ Ninh Thuan/ yesterday?

8 the Ede/ start/ live/ the high plateau region/ central Viet Nam/ long time ago?

II Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.

1 Your village is so beautiful!

2 How long is it since you built this stilt house?

3 Living in a big city is more convenient than living in a village.

4 There are fewer Hmong than Kinh, so they are an ethnic minority group

5 Although the villagers are quite poor, they live a happy and healthy way.

6 What did the local people say?

7 Romantic films interest me more than war films.

8 A lot of people take the train from Oxford to London every day.

9 How about asking the local people for help?

10 Is there an ancestral altar in the La Chi’s largest apartment?

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

II Complete the sentences with the suitable words.

3 The Rong house of the Xo Dang is a big high roof.

1 Cong-Chieng, or is an important dish of almost all with a

UNIT 4: ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM • 67

4 Hmong farmers have been growing rice on the for hundreds of years.

5 The Xoe dance is one of the most popular the Thai ethnic group.

6 The Bahnar wear their traditional and festivals.

8 Hoa Ban takes place in March, when orchids and peach blossom everywhere in the north-western region. on special occasions

7 The Giay people raise pigs and poultry. such as buffaloes, cows, goats,

III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 The Dao in the Sa Pa area is famous its “love market”. a with b in c for d to

2 Stilt houses are made natural materials such as wood, palm leaves, bamboo, and rattan.

3 The _house is a place where villagers gather for festivals and rituals, a terraced b splendid c bamboo d communal

4 There were lots of interesting folk games, _Kenny stayed a little longer to join them. a but b because c so d however

5 ‘ ■ dress in red and black costume?’ ‘The Dao.’ a What b Which c When d Who

6 There are only villagers who know how to use the combine harvester, a a few b many c a little d much

7 S’Tieng women must learn how to cloth before getting married, a sew b knit c weave d make

8 _ethnic groups live on the Truong Son mountain range? a How many b How long c How far d How much

9 , Vietnam has 54 ethnic groups, 53 of which are ethnic minorities. a Due to a multi-ethnic country b To be a multi-ethnic country c Despite a multi-ethnic country d As a multi-ethnic country

10 ‘I have just taken an elephant ride in Buon Don.’ ‘ How interesting!’ a Certainly b Really? c Terrible d Exactly.

IV Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 The Tay are famous for their folk dances and the special five-colours sticky rice.

2 The villagers make a living by growing a few crops and raising some cattles.

3 We have recently visited some of the remote communities in the north highlands.

4 Youth Ngai women did not receive the inheritance after their parents died.

5 The Ta Oi managed preserving their proverbs, folk songs, and stories.

6 There isn’t many information about the life of the Brau in the Central Highlands.

7 I want to visit the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology to learn for 54 ethnic minority groups.

UNIT 4: ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM • 69

8 Xo Dang men are good at architecture, sculpting, and paint.

V Supply the correct tense and form of the verbs in brackets.

1 What _(the Muong/ do) to earn their living?

2 The majority of people in Viet Nam _(belong) to the Kinh ethnic group.

3 Hoa Ban festival (start) on March 17th and (end) on March 19th.

4 Listen! (those ethnic girls/ speak) the Ede language?

5 My sister _(not learn) about Vietnam’s ethnic minority groups when she was in grade 8.

6 She _(visit) Don Village during her trip to Dak Lak next month.

7 In the future, the local government (organise) more activities to promote the culture of ethnic groups.

8 The Tay People _(build) these stilt houses over 50 years ago.

9 Tourists to Don Village enjoy (ride) elephants around the hamlet or to the forest.

10 The elephants help local people (work) in the fields, and carry goods or construction materials.

VI Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Viet Nam is one of the most _diverse countries in South East Asia, (ethnic)

2 The Pa Then believe that the god of fire brings them _and prosperity, (peaceful)

3 Family are often held by the open fire in the middle of the house, (gather)

4 The Jrai has the largest _in the Central Highlands, (populate)

5 The Tay community practice religious beliefs including ancestor worship, (tradition)

6 The population of Viet Nam contains a rich _of ethnic groups, (diverse)

7 Ethnic make up about 15 percent of Viet Nam’s population, (minor)

8 Sapa is known for its _rice fields in Muong Hoa Valley, (terrace)

9 Each time I returned I was struck by the of Sa Pa and its people, (unique)

10 The government carried out a programme to _the health service in remote and rural areas, (modern)

VIII Choose the word which best fits each gap.

There are nine sub-groups that are (1) _by the ethnic minority M’Nong, such as Bru Dang, Preh, Ger, Nong, Prang, PJam, Kuyenh, Chil Bu Nor, and M’Nong Bu Dang, with combined estimate of 105,300 populations They are concentrated (2) a By motorcycle or bus. b Not exactly They are the third. c In Binh Phuoc and Dak Lak. d It’s a folk dance called mua sap e Yes, I tried some They’re very delicious. f Sure Which of those games would you like to play? g The Muong. h Every Saturday evening.

1 Which ethnic group has a larger population, the Ede or the Muong?

2 Shall we j oin their folk games ?

4 When does Sapa Love Market take place?

5 Did you try any ethnic specialities during your trip?

6 How can we go to Don Village from

7 The Thai is the second largest ethnic group in Viet Nam.

8 Where do the M’Nong mainly live?

UNIT 4: ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIET NAM • 71 parts of the provinces of Binh Phuoc and Dak Lak and in parts of Lam Dong They live in houses built on (3) or level with the ground, in every village where they usually have dozens of households Matriarchy is observed and the children (4) _’ the family name of their mother The wife holds the key position in (5) household This group likes to have many children, (6) _daughters and speak the language traced to the Mon-Khmer Group The M’Nong use the slash-and-burn method of (7) _. The M’Nong in Ban Don are well known for their elephant hunting and domestication Women handle the weaving of cotton cloth, (8) the men work on basketry.

Vietnam is a multiethnic country with 54 ethnic groups The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of the country’s population and mainly inhabit the Red River delta, the central coastal delta, the Mekong delta and major cities The other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountain areas spreading from the North to the South Among ethnic minorities, the most populated are Tay, Thai, Muong, Hoa, Khmer, Nung with a population of around 1 million each; while the least populated are Brau, Roman, Odu with several hundred people each.

The main economic activity of most ethnic peoples is wet rice cultivation A number of ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques They grew rice plants in swamped paddy fields and carried out irrigation Others go hunting, fishing, collecting and live a semi-nomadic life Each group has its own culture that is diverse and special Beliefs and religions of the Vietnamese ethnic minority groups are also disparate from each other.

1 How many ethnic groups are there in Vietnam?

2 Where do the Kinh people mostly live?

3 What is the population of the Tay?

4 Which ethnic groups have the smallest population?

5 What do most ethnic peoples mainly live on?

6 Do the ethnic minority groups have the same culture, religion and belief?

7 How is the culture of each ethnic group?

X Reorder the words to make sentences.

1 country/ with/ Viet Nam/ 54/ is/ multiethnic/ a/ groups/ ethnic

2 minorities/ make/ population/ Ethnic/ up/ 15 percent/ of/ the/ of/ about/ Viet Nam

3 Most/ live/ of/ ethnic/ in/ minorities/ the/ the/ areas/ in/ north/ the/ mountainous

4 Viet Nam/ Tay/ second/ The/ largest/ are/ the/ ethnic/ in/ group

5 are/ The/ known/ Nung/ including/ music and poetry/ for/ folk-art/ richness/ traditions/ their/ of

6 people/ a/ The/ Dao/ language/ speak/ Hmong-Dao/ of/ language system

7 not/ as/ The/ Nung/ costume/ is/ colourful/ of/ the/ as/ that/ of/ ethnic/ other/ groups

8 The/ Ede/ built/ on/ live/ in/ stilts/ in/ wooden/ villages/ longhouses/ as/ buon! known

LIFESTYLES

I Say the words aloud, then circle the correct sound.

II Put the underlined words into the correct columns.

1 The bean seed sprouted from straw is an example of overcoming challenges.

2 Pedestrians greeting strangers seems to be the custom in our town.

3 It’s their tradition to sing and dance together at a wedding.

4 The government has tried to maintain the language of some ethnic groups.

5 Josh found it interesting to see a lot of ornamental trees during Tet.

6 We will bring many gifts for our cousins at Christmas.

7 There are too many things to prepare before the longevity party.

8 The couple thanked the guests for attending their wedding ceremony.

I Match the word or phrase with its definition. a fighting sports that include judo, karate, taekwondo, etc. b the fact of lasting a long time

3 worship c an accepted way of behaving or of doing things

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 75 d the socially acceptable way to eat your food, especially when eating a meal with others e the tree grown for decoration, not for the harvest of fruit or wood f something that is given to a god as part of a religious ceremony g a belief, custom or way of doing something that has existed for a long time h the form of a dead person, similar to a ghost i the practice of showing respect for a god j a social event for a group of people who haven’t seen each other for a long time

II Complete the sentences with the words in part I Use the plural form if necessary.

1 Your are awful - don’t you know how to use a knife and fork?

2 My school holds an annual _for former students.

3 At Tet, Vietnamese people often place bamboo poles in their homes to ward off evil

4 We always wish our grandparents health and _on the first day of Tet.

5 It’s the in Japan to take your shoes off when you go into someone’s house.

6 I usually help my mother to prepare _ for ancestor worship on New Year Day.

7 Peach blossom and apricot blossom are popular at Tet.

8 My extended family has a _of having gatherings every summer.

9 All the children in my family have to practise when they turn 8.

10 Whale _is recognised as an important cultural heritage of Viet Nam.

III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 Christians have the of giving and receiving presents at Christmas. a habit b regulation c rule d custom

2 Shops in Viet Nam often have a lion dance performance at their opening . a ceremony b celebration c party d holiday

3 Promoting cultural events is a good way to _some of the region’s traditions. a offer b worship c maintain d follow

4 Spending time together at the dinner table creates stronger family _. a traditions b gatherings c reunions d bonds

5. , everyone will give moon cakes to their family members at Mid- Autumn festival. a Symbolically b Traditionally c Culturally d Locally

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 77

6 In most Western countries, Christmas is a time of family and celebration. a reunion b worshipping c ceremony d occasion

7 Songkran - the Thai New Year’s national holiday - attracts a lot of festival _ every year. a comers b tourists c visitors d goers

8 My province tradition by not having fireworks on New Year’s Eve. a broke up b gave up c broke with d ran out

9 ‘You should bring a gift if you’re invited to a Swede’s home’ ‘Wow! ’ a This looks so cute! b I didn’t know that. c I remember d Certainly!

10 ‘Could you tell me a bit about Korean table manners?’ ‘ ’ a Of course! b Perhaps you should. c Interesting! d It’s a good idea.

IV Complete the sentences with the correct form or tense of the verbs in the box. admire wrap worship pass pray take off decorate reflect reunite break

1 She the present in red paper and tied it with yellow ribbon.

2 I’m not interested in gardening, but I really _a beautiful garden.

3 The culture of xoe dancing _Thai people’s lifestyle and culture.

4 We decided with tradition and go away for Tet holidays.

5 People often _down family traditions from generation to generation.

6 Almost every Vietnamese household sets an altar their ancestors.

7 It is considered very impolite not _your shoes before entering a house in Japan.

8 Lots of people come back _their families during Tet Holiday.

9 My mother enjoys our home with various ornamental plants.

10 Let’s for a year filled with good health, happiness, safety, peace and love.

V Match the two halves to make a full sentence.

1 In Vietnam, it is not uncommon

2 If you are invited to a Swede’s home,

3 It’s our tradition at Mid-Autumn festival that

4 It’s the custom in Mexico to a everyone will give moon cakes to their parents, relatives or friends. b not having fireworks on New Year’s Eve. c you should bring a gift such as chocolates, flowers or liquors as the Swedish gift giving custom. d you take off your shoes before going into a

VI Complete the sentences with should ox shouldn’t.

1 In Japan, you point at people or things because it’s considered rude.

2 When invited to a Vietnamese home, you _bring gifts wrapped in brightly coloured paper.

3 You _stand up chopsticks in your food between mouthfuls or when finished - it resembles incense sticks that are burned in memory of the dead.

4 You _sweep your house on the first three days of the new year because all your money and success will be swept out too.

5 You _smile and say “thank you” when receiving a gift.

6 When travelling on public transport, you _advoid loud phone conversations.

7 When visiting Thailand, you _mention the King and do anything that’s disrespectful.

8 You take your shoes off when entering homes or temples.

9 You use both hands when giving and receiving things.

10 When dining in Thailand, you _eat with your fork, but do use it to push food onto your spoon.

VII Underline the correct option.

1 It takes a I an I the hour and a half to travel from here to Hoi An Ancient Town.

2 It’s bad luck to sweep your house on a I the 10 first three days of the new year.

3 There is a / an 10 custom in Japan that you take off your shoes before going into a house.

4 When travelling on a I the I 0 public transport, you should avoid loud phone conversation.

5 You should smile and say “thank you” when receiving a I an I the gift.

6 Please don’t wear hat when entering 01 a I the homes or temples.

7 The Elephant Racing Festival is a 101 the biggest cultural festival in Central Highlands.

5 My province broke with tradition by

6 It’s an old custom in many birthday parties that

7 Considered as the symbol of Vietnamese tradition,

8 There is a custom in Japan that e for three generations to be living together under one roof. f Ao dai is most commonly worn by women at school, work and on special occasions. g the birthday cake is decorated with lighted candles. h tip 10% for passable service and 15% for good service.

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 79

8 We went to an / the / 0 Indian restaurant yesterday to explore their cuisine.

9 You shouldn’t mention the 101 a king of Thailand or do anything disrespectful.

10 In Viet Nam, you don’t have to take the I a! ana deep bow as you do in Japan.

11 In 0 I a I the Viet Nam, it’s common for 0 / a I the three generations to be living together under one roof.

12 It’s a / an / the old custom in many birthday parties that a I an I the birthday cake is decorated with lighted candles.

VIII Complete the sentences with o, on, the or 0 for zero article.

1 Don’t come to work late! Japanese take punctuality seriously.

2 Nicky only knows how to use _spoon, he can’t use chopsticks.

3 In India, food isn’t seen clean once it touches your plate.

4 The carnival in Rio de Janeiro is colourful festival held every year.

5 Young people should play _active role in preserving customs and traditions.

6 Most Vietnamese return home for Tet as it’s the most important festival in Viet Nam.

7 On Tet Holiday, Vietnamese people offer their ancestors five-fruit tray.

8 We put ornamental tree in front of our house to bring fortune and avoid devil.

9 In Thailand, head is seen as most sacred part of the body.

10 In many countries, you must wear _seat belt in the car - it’s law.

IX Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 My extended family has a tradition of having the reunions every summer.

2 On Halloween, children in US wear different costumes and go asking for sweets.

3 People celebrate Nyepl by spending an 24-hour period of silence and meditation.

4 Chew and shallow all a food in your mouth before talking or taking a drink.

5 The couple is going to hire a MC to host their wedding ceremony next month.

6 The photography is strictly prohibited at some sacred places in Asian countries.

7 The most popular and widely-regconised Vietnamese national costume is an Ao dai.

8 Hoi An Lantern Festival takes place monthly - on 14th day of each lunar month.

X Complete the text with a/ an, the or 0 for zero article.

Hanbok is (1) _Korean word that refers to traditional Korean clothing

Hanbok, the beloved traditional attire of Korea, boasts a rich history spanning over two millennia Despite evolving subtly over time, it retains its timeless charm and remains an integral part of Korean culture As a symbol of Korean aesthetics, hanbok is proudly worn for special occasions such as weddings, birthdays, and milestones, embodying the essence of the nation's heritage.

The embroidered patterns and the colors used on hanbok represented the ceremonial nature of the hanbok and social status Peonies, for example, are often found on wedding dresses to represent (6) honor and wealth, while dragons and phoenixes were

Korean hanbok patterns reserved for (7) _royal clothing.

The colors used in hanbok come from (8) Korean “five colors theory” (“obangsaek” in Korean), which are based off the harmony between (9) yin and yang and the five elements Hahbok’s design also highlights the textures of the natural, hand- woven fabric and the decorations that mimic flowers, butterflies, and other elements of (10) nature.

XI Complete each sentence with an appropriate preposition.

1 Today we’re going to learn _customs and traditions.

2 People in Bac Ninh are really looking forward the Lim Festival.

3 They still follow the custom pinning money to the bride’s dress.

4 Vietnamese women often wear ao dal special ocassions.

5 We decided to break tradition and have fish for Thanksgiving dinner.

6 They take their shoes when entering the house to avoid getting the floor dirty.

7 According to tradition, we have fireworks _New Year’s Eve.

8 It is the custom in that country women to marry young.

9 We often talk about our day at school or work the dinner table.

10 Gifts should be wrapped _colourful paper. c SPEAKING

I Complete the dialogue with the appropriate phrases or sentences (A - H).

A What should I do at the dinner table?

B Try to finish everything on your plate. c and do not sit down until the oldest member has seated.

D Do you mind if I ask you something

E place your chopsticks or spoon on your bowl or plate.

F You can ask whatever you want.

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 81

G Do I have to wear formal clothes?

H What should I do when I'm Invited to a Vietnamese house for a meal?

Maria: Hi, Mai! I’m going to take a trip to Viet Nam next month.

(1) _about Vietnamese customs and etiquette?

Mai: Well, perhaps you should bring a small gift, such as flowers, fruits or sweets wrapped in colourful paper.

Maria: I will And what should I wear? (4)

Mai: No Just dress conservatively.

Mai: Wait to be shown where to sit (6) _

Maria: Sure I’ll remember that one What else?

Mai: (7) _Leaving food on your plate is considered impolite

When you have finished eating, (8) _

II Rearrange the sentences to make a complete conversation.

_Thanks for teaching me How about the customs before a meal? I’m a little nervous

_No We sit on a mat with foods on a tray in the middle Everyone has a bowl and a pair of chopsticks.

_Let’s see if I can follow you!

_No, in my parents’ house We’ll have a big meal with my family members.

_Yes, you can use a spoon, but no fork and knife I’ll teach you to use chopsticks. _In your parents’ house? But I don’t know your table manners.

1 Hey Jennifer! I would like to invite you to our dinner this Saturday.

_Chopsticks? I don’t know how to use them Is there any fork, knife or spoon? _Don’t worry! You’re a foreigner, so you don’t have to know the manners clearly. _Wow, that’s nice Where? In a restaurant?

_It’ll be OK, Jennifer! Just follow my directions when we get home.

_I should learn something first though Do you sit around a table?

I Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

(simply bow given rather addressing usual war with)

Thais often greet one another with a wai - a palms-together gesture accompanied by a (1) _, slight bend of knees and smile ‘Khun’ is used as a prefix, instead of

Mr and Ms when (2) _people It can be used for both males and females. For example, a 30-year-old male, Kullawat Chaowanawatee, will (3) be Khun Kullawat Every Thai has a nickname, and once you are more familiar with people it is (4) _for them to encourage you to call them by their nickname instead of their first name Most Thai nicknames are single syllable words which are (5) from birth and can be Thai or English words, colours, fruits, or shortenings of their first name.

Thais don’t use ‘please’, ‘thank you’ and ‘hello’ Instead of saying ‘thank you’,

‘hello’ or ‘good bye’, many Thais simply smile or offer a (6) The equivalent of

‘please’ in Thai is complex and varies (7) the rank and status one is speaking to Many Thais ask ‘where are you going?’ (8) than saying ‘How are you?’

II Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answers.

GIFT-GIVING CUSTOMS IN VIETNAM Gift giving is important in Vietnam because of the significance of interpersonal relationships in Vietnamese culture.

First and foremost, do not encourage corruption There is a clear cut between giftgiving and bribery Nevertheless, it is common in Vietnam for exchanging small gifts on certain occasions such as anniversary, Tet holiday to express your respect, love, appreciation or gratitude.

Gift-giving customs depend on the context If it is a private gift for one Vietnamese partner you should give the gift at a private occasion If you have a gift for the whole office or company, you should give it after the business meeting with the whole office’s employee.

Do not wrap a gift in the black paper because this colour is unlucky and associated with funerals in Vietnam Gifts that symbolize cutting such as scissors, knives and other sharp objects should be avoided because they mean the cutting of the relationship.

Vietnamese may or may not open these gifts when they are received; leave the option to them You will also receive gifts and should defer to your host as to whether you should open it when received or not Regardless of when it is opened or what it is, profuse thanks are always appropriate.

1 According to the passage, why is gift giving important in Vietnam? a Because it helps to establish a friendship. b Because it’s common in Vietnamese culture. c Because it’s the best way to build up a stable relationship. d Because personal relationships play a vital role in Vietnamese culture.

2 Which of the followings should not be a reason for gift giving?

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 83 a To show appreciation b To bribe somebody c To express gratitude d To show affection

When presenting a gift, it is culturally sensitive to consider the recipient's preferences and social norms Avoid the starkness of black or white wrapping paper Business meetings are inappropriate settings for gift-giving Sharp objects, like knives or scissors, may be interpreted as threatening and should be avoided Additionally, private occasions are generally not appropriate for gift exchange.

4 When receiving a gift, you should . a always say “thank you” b try to find what is it c open it in front of the giver d ask your host to open it

5 Which of the following is NOT true about gift giving customs in Vietnam? a Gift giving is a good way of strengthening relationships. b Gifts for your partners should be given at private occasions. c You should avoid giving anything sharp. d It is considered rude not to open the gift in front of the giver.

I Make sentences from the cues given.

1 If/ you/ visit/ Vietnamese home/ you/ should/ bring/ small gift.

2 Known as/ ojigi/ bowing/ be/ important custom/ Japan.

3 The Vietnamese/ shake hands/ both/ when/ greet/ and/ when/ say/ good-bye.

4 Women/ Japan/ mainly/ wear/ kimono/ special occasions/ like/ wedding ceremonies.

5 It/ usually/ take/ us/ hour/ travel/ motorbike/ Ha Giang/ see/ buckwheat flower.

6 we/ have to/ follow/ tradition/ clean/ house/ before/ Tet?

7 Canadian people/ celebrate/ Thanksgiving/ second Monday/ October.

8 We/ have/ family tradition/ eat dinner/ together/ New Year’s Eve.

II Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning Use the words in brackets.

1 Although Hue is far from Ha Noi, Peter often travels to Ha Noi by motorbike, (but)

2 Christian went to Soc Trang to join Ok Om Bok Festival, (because)

3 My mother is really interested in admiring the flowers in spring, (fond)

4 He should join the festival in order to play Vietnamese folk games, (so)

5 Let’s put a kumquat tree in our yard on Tet Holiday, (suggested)

6 I think we should visit flower villages to watch the blooming flowers, (idea) It’s a _

7 Huong Pagoda Festival is more interesting than other festivals in my opinion, (most)

8 They don’t have much knowledge about American table manners, (a little) They only

9 Brian was really interested in Vietnamese cultural and spiritual events, (interest) Brian

10 What about going to Dien Bien to see the Hoa Ban Festival? (we)

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

II Complete each sentence with a suitable word The first letter Is given.

1 Good table m make for a more pleasant meal!

2 Many family t have been passed down through generations.

3 We are Christian, so our family has the c of giving presents at

4 We decided to b with tradition and have fish for Thanksgiving dinner.

5 The tradition of ancestor w _stretches back thousands of years.

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 85

6 Vietnamese people often go to the pagoda to p _for a lucky new year.

7 They hang a red 1 in front of the door to drive off bad luck.

8 Many people gathered in front of the shop to watch the lion dance p _.

III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 There’s a tradition of having parties Christmas. a on b at c in d for

2 Shishimai, the Japanese traditional lion dance, is performed to bring good luck and evil spirits. a run after b drive for c take down d chase away

3 _British customs and traditions are famous all over the world. a 0 b The c Any d A

4 Christmas Eve is the day people in some countries exchange their presents. a that b which c what d when

5 Family meals allow for conversation and strengthen the _. a family members b family gathering c family bond d family reunion

6 In a _with tradition, the ceremony did not take place in Rome, but in Seoul. a keeping b practice c break d form

7 The villagers put bamboo pole in the front yard of _communal house, a a - the b a - a c the - a d the - the

8 You _place your chopsticks on your rice bowl when finished with a meal. Don’t rest them on the table. a shouldn’t b could c should d mustn’t

9 In the UK, families often celebrate Christmas together, they can watch each other open their presents. a though b so c because d but

10 ‘We don’t sweep the floor on the first day of Tet.’ ‘ Why?’ a What a bad day! b It’s a good idea c You’re right d You’re kidding!

IV Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 We have decided to travel to Da Nang by the plane to see the fireworks festival.

2 According for tradition, the first person to enter the house on New Year’s Eve brings

A B c either good luck or bad luck.

3 The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important ceremony in

4 The Japanese are familiar with the western custom to eat a turkey dinner for Christmas.

5 In Viet Nam the engagement is sometimes considered much important than the wedding.

6 Dressing well is important in South Korea; it is considered a sign of respectful.

7 The Malagasy have an unique tradition called Famadihana, or the “turning of the bones.”

UNIT 5: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • 87

8 He asked me anxiously what he has to do when visiting a Vietnamese home.

V Supply the correct tense and form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Last week, we _(have) dinner with a French family.

2 I hate eating with spoon because it _(cause) trouble when I eat fish.

3 In the past, both men and women (wear) ao dai.

4 The speaker (give) a presentation on Vietnamese customs and traditions right now.

5 She can’t join the íàmily gathering as she (travel) to Europe this weekend.

6 Our family (have) dinner together every Saturday night It’s our family tradition.

7 I hope I _(have) a chance to visit your country soon.

8 When in Japan, you should avoid (eat) on the go.

9 I think you should (go) to the doctor You look terrible.

10 The Japanese tend _(use) their mobile phones discreetly when in public.

VI Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 _when dining, South Koreans use cushions to sit on the floor and eat from a low table, (tradition)

2 Hung Kings’ Temple Festival attracts lots of festival _every year, (go)

3 Tet is the privileged occasion for family members to (reunion)

4 Before every Christmas, we often go shopping for tree (ornamental)

5 for the Lunar New Year begin weeks before the festival,

6 The children in our family are always _to their elders, (respect)

7 Custom _from tradition in some aspects such as scale and time, (different)

8 The tribe has different masks for each ceremony, (ceremony)

9 At the end of the service, a lot of _streamed down to the altar,

10 We decorated the house with flowers and lights, (decorate)

VII Match the questions with the answers.

1 Hi, Dan How was your trip to Italy?

2 I heard you had a new friend Is she

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

5. a On the first day of Lunar New Year, visiting pagodas is a familiar custom. b It is the custom for my family to visit pagodas on the first day of Lunar New Year. c Visting pagodas on the first day of Lunar New Year is customarily my family. d My family visits pagodas on the first day of Lunar New Year because of the custom.

3 The volunteers walked to the mountainous village. a By foot, the volunteers came to the mountainous village. b Walking to the mountainous village was the only choice for the volunteers. c To get to the mountainous village, the volunteers had to walk. d The volunteers went to the mountainous village on foot.

4 Although they are living a hard life, they always feel happy. a They are living a hard life, but they always feel happy. b If they are living a hard life, they will always feel happy. c They aren’t living a hard life; however, they don’t always feel happy. d They don’t always feel happy although they aren’t living a hard life.

XII Make sentences from the cues given.

1 People/ celebrate/ Pingxi Lantern Festival/ fifteenth day/ first lunar month.

2 Today’s children/ hardly/ listen/ stories/ their elder/ because/ they/ live/ the digital era.

3 It/ interesting/ learn/ the unique features/ ethnic group’s traditional culture.

4 We/ hang/ decorative items/ chase/ bad luck/ and/ pray/ lucky new year.

SHOPPING

II Underline the words that have the sound /bl/or /cl/.

1 Nick enjoys looking at the clear blue sky.

2 I climbed over the hill and found the bright bloom of the wild flowers.

3 They claimed that those special clinics were built for blind people.

4 Light winds are blowing over the blackberry farm.

5 We will have a clear view after passing these building blocks.

6 There are some clues about the blast near the church yesterday.

7 Clay may stick on your clothes when you go flying kites on the field.

8 The blades of her juice blender were broken.

I Write a word or phrase from the box under each picture.

—- -—. -; -■ -— water pollution endangered species 3Rs plastic rubbish global warming national park single-use products campfire

II Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in part I.

1 _is putting our health at risk Unsafe water kills more than 3.4 million people each year.

2 Established in 1962, Cue Phuong is the first in Vietnam.

3 A study says that the amount of _flowing into the ocean could triple in the next 20 years.

Teaching students the importance of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" principle is crucial to combat pollution and protect the environment Promoting these practices helps reduce waste, conserve resources, and prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in our water bodies and oceans By incorporating these principles into education, we empower students to make sustainable choices and contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.

5. _ The best way to protect is to protect the places where they live.

6 Let’s build a before it gets dark, everyone!

7 You can avoid using by bringing your own cup and straw to the cafe.

8 _, the rise in temperature around the earth’s atmosphere, is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.

III Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.

-—.——. - -— - - — - - —- —. carbon footprint green products environmental protection natural habitat ecosystem extinction toxic substances natural resources

1 Water pollution happens when _- often chemicals or microorganisms - enter water bodies.

2 Recycling is a way to reduce the and conserve natural resources.

3 activities are carried out in order to keep the environment pure and clean.

4 An endangered species is an animal or plant that is at risk of _.

5 The Bengal tiger’s includes tropical rain forests, tall grasses, and marshes.

6 _are made from environmentally friendly materials.

7 The three Rs will help US to conserve _for long-term use.

8 By harming the of our planet, we endanger the balance of nature itself.

IV Underline the correct answer.

Global Recycling Day, (1) performed I celebrated I done on March 18 every year, is a recycling initiative that (2) encouragement I encouraging / encourages US to look at our trash in a new light There are several ways to recycle that allow some materials to be (3) reused / reduced / released multiple times Recycling is great for

US and the (4) environment I environmental / environmentalist because it lessens the energy we use, enhances the (5) nature / quality / value of water and air we breathe, and combats climate change.

It also reduces using new raw (6) materials / ingredients / elements to create new products - saving money and natural (7) reserves / renewals / resources. Newspapers, plastic water bottles, soda cans, cereal boxes, and milk cartons are some of the common everyday (8) recyclable / recycle / recycling items If we put (9) affect / effort / defect into recycling items that we usually (10) throw away /give away /put away, we can impact the earth and our lives in a more profound way.

V Match the two halves of the sentence.

1 Overfertilization contributes to soil pollution,

2 If we continue using lots of single-use products,

3 Lake, river, ocean and groundwater get contaminated

4 Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas

5 The soil is exposed and vulnerable to erosion

6 The polluted fog became so thick

7 Depending on the material and structure, it takes 20 to 500 years

8 The fishermen informed the local authority

VI Read the sentences and write l.c if the underlined clause is an independent clause or D.c if it is a dependent clause.

1 I often turn off all the electric devices when I’m not using them. _

2 The rescued animals will be taken care of at the zoo until they’re healed. _

3 Sean is building a campfire while Patrick is collecting more woods.

4 They will run the campaign against illegal poaching as soon as the government approves it. _

5 When plants die, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. _

6 Visitors must get a permit before they visit Acadia National Park.

7 The volunteers will work all day till they clean up the entire beach.

8 Please make sure to put out the campfire after you leave the campsite. _ a as soon as they noticed the oil spill. b due to discharge of pollutants in the water bodies. c for plastic waste to completely decompose. d as a result of the removal of vegetation. e so you only need to apply fertilizer once or twice per year. f the ocean will be full of plastic waste in the future. g that people could only see a few meters in front of them. h that can lead to health problems.

9 All the famous monuments turn off the lights while Earth Hour happens. _

10 No one is allowed to use the water from the lake until its water quality improves.

VII Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1 The river water will still be polluted we find solutions to prevent dumping raw sewage. a until b after c because d so

2 Mass killings of fish, plants, or amphibians can happen _there are sudden changes in water temperature. a while b when c as soon as d till

3 They shut down that factory _they knew it released pollutants into the lake. a although b before c while d as soon as

4 The black bear died immediately the hunter shot it. a after b so c until d as long as

5 We picked up all the rubbish at the campsite _we returned home. a after b while c before d till

6 Can you help me sort out the rubbish _I’m cleaning the kitchen? a if b while c until d although

7 _they realise the impact of deforesation, they’ll continue to cut down trees to provide more room for planting crops. a Until b After c As soon as d While

8 Grace lost her mobile phone signal she went deep into the forest. a but b if c before d as soon as

9 Don’t leave the water running _you’re washing the dishes! a because b lead to c result in d while

10 Many wild animals used to inhabit this area _the new factory was built. a after b while c before d as soon as

VIII Complete the sentences with the conjunctions from the box.

[ while as soon as after when (x2) before so because until (x2))

1 Those koalas were severely burnt _they couldn’t escape the bush fire.

2 All sorts of chemicals are dumped into this river, we cannot swim there anymore.

3 people are eating food from their plastic products, many wild animals are dying because of them.

4 The air pollution will be reduced more and more people use public transport.

5 Many marine animals are saved from extinction _the government passed the law to stop over-fishing the oceans last year.

6 The panda will stay at the zoo it’s strong enough to return to its natural habitat.

7 We called the local authority immediately we noticed the bush fire!

8 Remember to bring something to store the rubbish _you go trekking in the national park.

9 It used to be easy to see the Big Dipper at night lights from those buildings affected our vision.

10 The villagers need to stay inside their houses _the storm completely stops.

IX Combine each pair of sentences, using the conjuntion in brackets.

1 Summer finally comes They will volunteer at some local environment programmes, (when)

2 The director approves our documentary We will broadcast it nationwide (As soon as)

3 The whole neighbourhood was given reusable bags They were forbidden to use plastic products, (before)

4 Some students are picking up litter The others are planting trees in the park, (while)

5 People started to care more about endangered species They watched a video about marine life (After)

6 The villagers will be on strike The factories stop cutting down trees in the forest, (till)

7 Many wild animals are injured The bush fires are spreading too fast, (because)

8 The national park saves endangered species It protects the environment, (and)

X Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c, or D that needs correcting.

1 It’s necessary to raise awareness of endangered species and environment protection.

2 The amount of waste will decrease when people will start to buy reusable packages.

3 Could you tell me the negative effects of cutting up trees on the ecosystem?

4 There will be much less pollution while people stop using cars completely.

5 Use-single products like plastic bottles and bags can kill or trap marine animals.

6 If we don’t bury chemical wastes underground, we won’t pollute fresh water supplies.

7 The firefighters immediately came to rescue the koala until they saw it in the fire.

8 Please wait here when the volunteers are picking up rubbish along the river.

9 If people pay a few more attention to the environment, the Earth will be greener.

10 We can help the environment by avoiding using plastic products and stopping litter.

XI Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets Use conditional sentences type 1.

1 If the air in a city (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn.

2 If we dump all sorts of chemicals into rivers, we (not be) able to swim in them in the future.

3 Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people _(keep) polluting the environment

4 If we all use public transport more, we (help) reduce air pollution.

5 If we (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species (become) extinct.

6 If everyone _(recycle) paper, metal and glass, we (not produce) so much rubbish.

7 We (have) dirty seafood if we _(dump) rubbish into the sea.

8 If global warming (continue), temperatures

9 If light pollution _(keep) growing, you _(not be) able to see even the Big Dipper at night.

10 We _(threaten) our own existence if we (not cut down) the waste rapidly.

XII Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence.

1 It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally _ (pollute)

2 World Wide Fund is a famous organisation, (environment)

3 This area is a part of a wildlife _programme, (conserve)

4 Sea turtles and dugongs are some _species living in Con Dao

5 In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of _insecticides, (poison)

6 Habitat _poses the greatest threat to wild animals, (lose)

7 The students are having a field trip to Cat Ba Park, (nation)

8 Camel’s habitat is the deserts across Asia and Africa, (nature)

9 Our encourages each household to practise the 3Rs (neighbour)

10 Water pollution can lead to the _of aquatic plants and animals, (die)

XIII Underline the correct preposition in each of the following sentences.

1 Water pollution can be harmful at I to fish and animals that live along the river.

2 Using drinking water to water the garden is a waste from I of natural resources!

3 Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases on /from polluting the air.

4 Textile factories dump tonnes of toxic waste into I at the Citarum River.

5 She’s come up to I with amazing new ideas to help protect the environment.

6 Noise pollution can have harmful effects on I in human health.

7 Toxic substances from factories are unsafe for I with the ecosystem.

8 Cat Tien National Park is home in I to some endangered monkeys.

9 The river has been polluted with /from toxic waste from local factories.

10 Children should be aware at / o/the environmental issues we’re facing. c SPEAKING

1 Make questions for the underlined words.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.

2 Many wild animals are on the verge of extinction because of illegal hunting. 3.

There are sixty-three national parks in the United States.

He will build a campfire as soon as he arrives at the campsite.

Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.

3 The students are visiting Cat Tien National Park this weekend.

Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Da Nang.

In my neighbourhood, people collect garbage every day.

Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.

We can prevent land pollution by the proper disposing of the litter.

10 Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - H).

A Because I'm doing a class project on pollution in the city.

B.Too many billboards along the road, open storage of trash, networks of electric wires crisscrossing each other above the street, etc. c Visual pollution is what you would call anything unattractive or visualizing damaging to the landscape.

D It generates distraction, eye fatigues, and other psychological problems.

E.Yeah, I know Not only for water pollution, but also for air, soil, noise, light and visual pollution.

Bailey: Did you take that photo, Xuan?

Xuan: (1) _ Bailey: Let me see A photo of a river but it looks like you want to capture the garbage.

Xuan: (3) Bailey: This picture is for water pollution, isn’t it? I think you need more.

Xuan: (4) _ Bailey: What does ‘visual pollution’ mean? I’ve never heard about it before.

Bailey: Can you give me some examples?

Bailey: So what are the effects of visual pollution?

Bailey: Oh, I see There is too much visual pollution in the city, so I think it’s not difficult to take photos of different visual pollutants.

I Complete the passage with the words from the box. wildlife habitat naturalist residents breathtaking home encloses established

JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK Jim Corbett National Park can be befittingly called the paradise of tigers for the fact that it holds a large population of tigers in its (1) landscapes that consists of different varieties of flora and fauna Named after the legendary tiger hunter turned (2) _Jim Corbett (1875-1955), the proud destination ‘Jim Corbett National Park’ was the first national park of India, which was (3) _in 1936 in the hill state of Uttarakhand in Northern India It is one of the most famous (4) _destinations in India, visited by several wildlife enthusiasts who want to catch the glorious sights of the Indian tigers.

The Corbett National Park is (5) to approximately 110 tree species,

50 mammals’ species, 580 bird species, and 25 reptile species that are found both in the lower and higher regions of the park The geographical location of this place that (6) _streams, rivers, and ridges crisscrossing the terrain, makes Jim Corbett

National Park a perfect (7) _for numerous plant and animal species The most famous of Corbett’s wild (8) _are the Bengal tiger, Asiatic elephant, leopards, wild boar, sloth bear, jackal, mongoose, and crocodile.

II Read the passage, then do the tasks.

Every year, over 100,000 marine animals and a million seabirds perish due to plastic ingestion or entanglement, as reported by Greenpeace Young sea turtles face shell deformities from becoming trapped in plastic, while some marine creatures, like hermit crabs, adapt by inhabiting plastic waste found on polluted Pacific beaches.

With annual worldwide production exceeding 300 million tonnes, plastic waste poses a significant environmental threat Despite recycling efforts, approximately 10% of plastic is recycled, while a substantial amount ends up in landfills or polluting oceans As of now, an estimated 200 million tonnes of plastic are present in oceans, a number projected to increase annually by 7 million tonnes.

Because plastic isn’t biodegradable it won’t decompose naturally, so all the plastic that we have now in the world will exist forever That means we’ll need to clean up the oceans if we want to protect our sea creatures Better still, if we don’t use so much plastic, it won’t end up in the ocean! Experts are warning that if we don’t take urgent action, there might be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050.

A Match the words to their definitions. a finish, arrive b make something free from pollutants c able to decay naturally by bacteria d being unable to escape from e the hard part on the back of a turtle f a place in the ground to put rubbish

B Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1 Plastic rubbish kills a million sea birds every year.

2 The hermit crabs living on Pacific beaches die because of plastic pollution.

3 Around the world, people use more plastic bottles than bags.

4 Less than half of plastic bottles and bags end up getting recycled.

5 Plastic rubbish will disappear naturally over time.

6 It is predicted that there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans by 2050. c Answer the questions.

2 How many tonnes of plastic are dumped into the oceans every year?

3 Why do we need to clean up the oceans?

4 What can we personally do to help resolve this problem?

I Reorder the words to make sentences.

1 national parks/ The number/ the world/ rising/ over/ all/ the time/ of/ all/ is

2 trees/ so much/ don’t/ We/ if/ we/ waste/ will/ thousands of/ paper/ save

3 while/ campsite/ me/ Will/ cleaning/ wait/1/ our/ you/ am/ for/ up?

4 the death/ Polluted water/ of/ fish and crabs/ such as/ aquatic animals/ causes

5 190 countries/ Earth Day/ planet/ than/ protect/ More/ the/ celebrate/ to

6 Water pollution/ marine life/ destroying/ the/ ecosystem/ the Pacific Ocean/ in/ is/ for/ rich

7 cutting down/ the authority/ action/ takes/ Illegal loggers/ keep/ until/ serious/ trees/ will

8 be/ more/ The neighbourhood/ this/ cleaner/ people/ will/ environment programme/ join/ if

II Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.

1 It’s unsafe for humans and animals to drink polluted water.

2 Con Dao National Park contains 16 small islands.

3 Because she was absent from the meeting, she didn’t know the resolution. Because of _

4 Many endangered marine species live in the ocean.

5 We need to reduce our plastic waste, otherwise we’ll threaten our own existence.

6 Countries celebrate Earth Hour to raise awareness of saving energy.

7 The campers will pick up all the rubbish before they leave the campsite.

II Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

5 a natural b ecosystem b dioxide b poison b species b valuable c renewable c pollution c damage c problem c conservation d participate d volunteer d litter d product d national

8 Air pollution deaths will double by 2050 if nations don’t act.

9 Because the world’s temperatures rise, the Arctic keeps losing its ice.

10 Unless we reduce our carbon footprint, global warming will destroy the ecosystem.

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

III Complete each sentence with an appropriate word The first letter of each word is given.

1 The fish have died because the river water is heavily p .

II Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

5 a natural b ecosystem b dioxide b poison b species b valuable c renewable c pollution c damage c problem c conservation d participate d volunteer d litter d product d national a They are non-biodegradable and create an environmental harzard. b Nuclear wastes from nuclear power plants, mining and processing of nuclear material etc. c Carbon dioxide It contributes about 55% to global warming. d It affects their growth and may kill off them. e Hot water released by power plants and industries. f Sleep disturbance, high blood pressure,

1 What is the main reason for thermal pollution?

2 What effect does thermal pollution have on aquatic animals?

3 How to minimize the water pollution due to chemicals?

4 What diseases are usually caused by air pollution?

5 Which gas is mainly responsible for global warming?

6 What are the effects of noise pollution?

2 The national park helps reserve many s _of plants and animals.

3 Using public transport is a great way to p _the environment.

4 Water pollution is damaging the marine e _of the Persian Gulf.

5 Earth Day is celebrated to raise public a about the environmental issues.

6 The local authority will take action against resorts dumping w _into the ocean.

7 To reduce your carbon f _, you should reduce the amount of energy you use.

8 People are working to help save e animals from extinction.

IV Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1 Everyone can save the environment by turning devices when they’re not using them. a on b up c off d down

2 Light pollution has a wide range of negative effects human health. a on b of c for d to

3 The city is trying to replace the use of _products in food service. a using-single b single-using c use-single d single-use

4 Vast amounts of carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere humans burn fossil fuels for energy. a until b before c as soon as d when

5 If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it forever. a exists b will exist c won’t exist d doesn’t exist

6 The goal of wildlife _is to ensure the survival of some endangered species. a mission b destruction c conservation d management

7 _plastic waste is discarded improperly, it can harm the environment and biodiversity. a If b Unless c While d Although

8 People should stop trees because they produce oxygen while they absorb carbon dioxide. a turning on b taking off c picking up d cutting down

9 _can we help save our environment? a What b How c Why d How much

Plastic pollution is a major environmental concern, accounting for a significant portion of waste If we are truly concerned about reducing plastic waste, it is imperative that we take action to minimize our consumption of single-use plastics One way to do this is by reducing our reliance on bottled water Opting for reusable water bottles not only reduces waste but also saves money and promotes healthier hydration habits Additionally, adopting reusable shopping bags instead of plastic bags can further contribute to a reduction in plastic pollution.

V Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1 We must do something to save our planet as soon as it is too late.

2 One of the things all of US can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.

3 Humans can even die if they will drink contaminated water.

4 They can’t release the koala back into the wild before its injury will heal.

5 They believe that water pollution is the large cause of death and disease in the world.

6 Due to eating plastic waste, the California condor is now an endangering bird species.

7 We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy.

8 One in six species is at risk of extinction because climate change.

9 The national park is home of many valuable kinds of woods and medicinal plants.

10 Toxic substances are poison substances that can cause health effects.

VI Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1 People in my city often (use) motorbikes to go to work.

2 If we use less energy, we _(help) reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

3 Every year, that factory (dump) hundred tons of plastic into the oceans.

4 The moon was covered yesterday as a thick smog _(settle) over New Delhi.

5 Vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise can _ (cause) noise pollution.

6 Human activities _(destroy) nature at an unacceptable rate right now.

7 A decade ago, WHO (classify) air pollution as a link to lung cancer.

8 If the temperature _(increase) by a few degrees during the next few years, we _(run into) serious problems.

9 We _(visit) a national park as soon as exam period _(be) over.

10 Last night, I _(watch) A Plastic Wave, a documentary on plastic pollution.

11. _ We should avoid (buy) frozen foods because their packaging is mostly plastic.

12 Air pollution can make people _(die).

VII Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 As an _, why do you oppose banning plastic bags?

2 Should we protect some of our _resources such as fresh water or soil? (value)

3 National parks also help to raise _of local residents about protecting the environment, (aware)

4 Heavy metals in water cut short millions of lives every year, (drink)

5 Scientists warn that plastic pollution in oceans will be one of the _ threats, (big)

6 Pollution is the process of making parts of the living environment _ (dirt)

7 Those plants can grow in extreme climates, (nature)

8 Burning fossil fuels for electricity is a sourse of greenhouse gas (emit)

9 What can we do every day to help to stop _warming? (globe)

10 The environmental activists are trying to wildlife in this area,

Match the following questions to their corresponding answers:- What non-biodegradable substances pose an environmental hazard? (a)- Identify the primary contributor to nuclear waste (b)- Which gas significantly contributes to global warming? (c)- How does thermal pollution impact aquatic life? (d)- What are potential health effects associated with noise pollution? (f)

1 What is the main reason for thermal pollution?

2 What effect does thermal pollution have on aquatic animals?

3 How to minimize the water pollution due to chemicals?

4 What diseases are usually caused by air pollution?

5 Which gas is mainly responsible for global warming?

6 What are the effects of noise pollution?

IX Choose the word which best fits each gap.