research proposal tattoo taboos exploring social stereotypes and the psychological impact of tattoos on self identity

This research paper seeks to investigate the relationship between societal stereotypesassociated with tattoos and their psychological impact on individuals'''' self-identity, and alsoaims t

Research Proposal Tattoo Taboos: Exploring Social Stereotypes and the Psychological impact of Tattoos on self-identity

2201060009 - Trần Ngọc Anh

2201060007 - Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh

2201060014 - Phan Đức Bảo

2201060053 - Tạ Lan Nhi

2201060034 – Lê Thị Linh

Table of Contents

I Introduction 2

1.1 Research backgrounds 2

1.2 Research Rationale 2

1.3 Research aim and objectives 3

II Literature reviews 3

1 Type of research design 4

2 Secondary and Primary research 5

3 Theoretical background 5

4 Research model and hypotheses 5

III Sample Design and Data Collection Method 10

1 Research philosophy 10

2 Target population 12

3 Sample size 13

4 Research ethics 13

5 Collecting data methods 14

IV Proposed cost for total project 15

1 Expected cost 15

2 Time Frames 16

V Limitation 18

VI REFERENCES 19

This research paper seeks to investigate the relationship between societal stereotypes associated with tattoos and their psychological impact on individuals' self-identity, and also aims to explore how societal perceptions and stereotypes surrounding tattoos influence the way tattooed individuals perceive themselves and how they navigate their social interactions and personal well-being

1.1.Research background

Tattoos have been a part of human culture for thousands of years, with various meanings and purposes across different societies (Cate Lineberry, 2007) In recent decades, tattoos have experienced a surge in popularity, with people from diverse backgrounds getting tattoos as a means of self-expression, art, personal storytelling, or commemoration (Vigneshkumar Shiva, 2023) The rise of social media platforms has further contributed to the normalization and visibility of tattoos, as individuals freely share their tattoo experiences and designs (Kristin, 2023) Today, tattoos continue to evolve as a dynamic and multifaceted form of expression They hold different meanings and significance for individuals, reflecting their personal narratives, cultural heritage, or aesthetic preferences (Hevin, 2023) However, despite their longstanding presence in human history, tattoos have often been associated with negative perceptions and stereotypes in many contemporary societies (Kristin A Broussard & Helen C Harton (2018) By conducting a comprehensive examination of this topic across different social backgrounds and perspectives, the paper can be able to challenge existing stereotypes, foster a more inclusive and tolerant society, and inform interventions to reduce discrimination based on appearance (John von Doussa QC, 2006)

1.2.Research rationale

People's views on tattoo art have changed significantly from past to present in both positive and negative aspects Therefore, researching the topic "Tattoo taboos: Exploring Social Stereotypes and the Psychological impact of Tattoos on self-identity" is necessary to provide

a worthy scientific basis, trusting about issues surrounding tattoos, taboos as well as the psychological and social effects of this issue Besides, this research also helps us understand social change As society evolves and becomes more diverse, it is important to study how attitudes towards tattoos are changing By conducting research in this area, we can better understand the factors driving these changes and identify potential barriers to further progress Another reason is that this research helps reduce stigma and prejudice Taboos and stereotypes about tattoos can lead to negative consequences for people with tattoos, such as discrimination in many different aspects of life This research can contribute to reducing stigma and prejudice, promoting a more understanding and inclusive society Ultimately, the study contributes to information about the psychological impact of tattoos on individuals and

choose to get them By studying the psychological impact of tattoos on self-identity, we can help people make more informed decisions about getting tattoos and better understand their potential health consequences This could lead to improved mental health for people with tattoos

1.3 Research aim and objectives

Aim: The goal of this study is to treat social disorders related to tattoos and their potential

psychological impact on personal identity This research aims to understand how social formulations influence individuals' decisions to get tattoos and how these tattoos then function on themselves

Objectives:

1 To examine the prevailing societal stereotypes and stigmas surrounding tattoos across different cultures and demographics

2 To explore the motivations behind individuals' decisions to get tattoos and how societal perceptions influence these decisions

3 To investigate the psychological effects of tattoos on individuals' self-esteem, self-image, and self-identity

4 To analyze the role of tattoos in the formation and expression of personal identity, including how individuals perceive themselves and how they are perceived by others

5 To assess the potential positive effects of tattoos on self-expression, empowerment, and personal growth

II Literature reviews

2.1 Type of research design

This research proposal aims to investigate the perceptions and experiences of students within Hanoi University regarding a specific subject The chosen research approach for this study is descriptive research, which involves a systematic process of observing and describing the behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of the subjects without any intentional influence

The descriptive research methods that will be employed in this study include surveys, interviews, case studies, and observations (Shrutika Sirislla, 2023) These methods are selected to gather comprehensive data and gain an in-depth understanding of the topic under

the "when" and "what" aspects of the students' perceptions Interviews will be conducted to delve into the "why" and "how" aspects of their experiences, providing qualitative insights

Case studies will be utilized to explore specific instances or examples that highlight important aspects of the students' perceptions and experiences This approach will enable the researcher to examine real-life situations in detail and uncover valuable insights Additionally, observations will be conducted to gather firsthand information about the behaviors and interactions of the students within their university environment

The focus of this research will be on students within Hanoi University, allowing for a specific and targeted study population By focusing on this particular group, the research can provide

a nuanced understanding of the subject matter within the context of the university environment

The ultimate goal of this descriptive research is to gather a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the perceptions and experiences of the students at Hanoi University regarding the chosen subject By employing a range of methods, the research aims to answer the "when," "what," and "where" questions related to the topic under investigation

2.2 Secondary and Primary research

“Secondary data plays a crucial role in research,” emphasizes Dr Jane Stevens, a renowned researcher in the field “It offers a wealth of pre-existing information that can enhance the depth and breadth of our studies, providing valuable insights, context, and comparative analysis” In this study, the primary source of secondary data comprises a book, academic journal, and previously conducted studies This pre-existing data helps to address research questions and objectives, utilizing to ascertain the disparity between the current theory and the original inquiry (Melissa Johnston, 2014) On the other hand, primary data research involves the collection of new and original data specifically for the current study (Marta Costa, 2022) This data is collected directly from the source, typically through methods like surveys, interviews, experiments, observations, or focus groups (Saunders et al 2016) Primary data research allows researchers to obtain firsthand information that is tailored to their specific research needs (Michael Jopling, 2019) The selection of techniques, however, will primarily be determined by key factors such as the type of data analysis—whether qualitative or quantitative—as indicated by Bell et al (2018) and Saunders et al (2016)

2.3.Theoretical background

Exploring the intricate dynamics of societal stereotypes and the psychological impact of tattoos on self-identity requires a comprehensive analysis through the lens of various theoretical frameworks Symbolic Interactionism, grounded in George Herbert Mead's sociological perspective, proves instrumental in unraveling the multifaceted nature of tattoos

as symbolic markers Here, tattoos serve not only as personal expressions but also as elements shaped by ongoing societal interactions, influencing how individuals navigate and construct their identities in response to these symbols (George Herbert Mead 1934)

Social Identity Theory contributes significantly to the examination by elucidating the categorization processes individuals undergo based on their tattoos (Tajfel and Turner 1986) The theory helps us understand how these body art choices become markers of group membership, affecting social identity and self-esteem It provides insights into the formation

of in-groups and out-groups within society, with tattoos acting as powerful identifiers that can either strengthen or challenge pre-existing social norms

Erving Goffman's Stigma Theory offers a valuable perspective on the potential stigmatization

of tattoos, emphasizing the labeling process and its impact on self-identity As tattoos deviate from traditional norms, individuals may grapple with societal perceptions that can shape their self-concept This stigma, whether internalized or externally imposed, plays a crucial role in influencing the way individuals perceive themselves and are perceived by others in the broader social context (Erving Goffman (1963, 3)

Daryl Bem's Self-Perception Theory enriches the analysis by focusing on the role of individual interpretation in shaping self-identity through observed behaviors (Daryl Bem 1967) In the context of tattoos, individuals might actively construct their identity by interpreting their body art choices and assessing the reactions received from others This self-reflection contributes to the ongoing narrative of personal identity formation, connecting individual behaviors with a cohesive sense of self

2.4 Research model and hypotheses

2.4.1.Stereotypes

A Culture

Tattoos and culture are two fields with an immensely important and mutually influential relationship Tattooing is an ancient form of art created by humans based on various cultural standards Therefore, tattoos have become a prominent form of personal expression and cultural identity, shaping and reflecting the values, beliefs, and practices within societies worldwide This study will provide in-depth insights into the multifaceted impact of tattoos

on culture, drawing upon a diverse range of scholarly perspectives, including three aspects: historical perspective, social dynamics and cultural identity, and cultural hybridization

presence appearing in many cultures worldwide According to the perspective of ancient tribal peoples, it was not just a design or an art form, but a complete emotion, combining mythology and beliefs, which have played important and diverse roles in society since the dawn of humanity (Ferguson-Rayport et al 1955) Ethnographic studies reveal the ritualistic and symbolic roles of tattoos in indigenous communities, where they are considered markers

of social status, group affiliation, and religious beliefs (Caplan, 2000) In Polynesian culture, especially in Hawaii, having tattoos such as images of deities or natural motifs like waves, coral reefs, or stars, is not only an expression of pride in culture and ancestry, but also a way

to show respect for their religion and traditions (Ferguson-Rayport et al 1955: 113) Archaeological evidence also demonstrates the enduring presence of tattooing across diverse cultures and time periods, emphasizing its importance as a cultural practice (Deter-Wolf et al., 2016) Understanding the historical contexts of tattooing is essential for understanding its contemporary cultural impact

On the other hand, tattooing plays an indispensable role in shaping cultural identity and fostering social cohesion within communities Sociological research highlights how tattoos serve as visual symbols of group membership, shared values, and collective identity (Demello, 2014) In Maori culture, tattoos, known as "moko," are not only expressions of individuals but also expressions of connection to the community and collective identity Each moko can be seen as an expression of membership in a family or tribe, with each symbol representing a special connection to a land, lineage, or important tradition They can reinforce cultural narratives, traditions, and heritage, giving individuals a sense of belonging and connection to their cultural roots (Sanders, 1989) Furthermore, tattoos are a powerful means for individuals to express their uniqueness and identity (Atkinson, 2001) Tattoos are often chosen based on individual values, life experiences, and worldviews, thereby creating a non-verbal means of communication about personal and identity awareness

The cultural hybridization of tattoo culture has created conditions for cultural exchange and integration, as tattoo motifs, styles, and techniques transcend geographical and cultural boundaries Technological advancements and increased mobility have enabled the spread of tattoo culture across diverse communities, leading to a fusion of traditional and contemporary tattooing practices (Pitts, 2003) This cultural exchange encourages creativity, diversity, and innovation within the tattooing community, while also raising questions about the use of culture and authenticity (Copes et al., 1993) This contributes to creating a diverse and rich environment in the tattoo world, affirming the power of cultural diversity and creating opportunities for interaction and integration

B The passing of time

These days, getting a tattoo is a common way for people to express their individualism and ego, especially among young people Few people are aware that one of the oldest practices

custom and how has it evolved over time?

During the Hung King period, people relied on fishing in rivers and streams for food However, they faced frequent attacks from a creature called Giao Long, causing widespread panic.The monarch, upon hearing about these incidents, attributed the catastrophe to Giao Long's preference for species similar to itself and its detestation of others In response, the king ordered everyone to create ink sketches of a "water monster." Surprisingly, once people started painting these images, the Giao Long ceased its attacks This event marked the origin

of the tradition of "painting themselves" among the Bach Viet people

When describing the Vietnamese practice of body painting, historian Ung Thieu restated this information: "People shave their hair and tattoo their bodies to resemble Giao Long because they live in the country and will not be harmed by Giao Long anymore."

According to the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, which date back to the Ly Dynasty, "it was forbidden for servants in the house to like (tattoo) dragons on their bodies" under the reign of Thanh Tong The rule that "servants of kings and marquis must not have dragon tattoos on their chests" was implemented during Ly Anh Tong's rule Under Ly Nhan Tong's rule, the following was noted: "Servants of individuals both inside and outside the capital are prohibited from tattooing dragons on their bodies or from getting ink on their chests or legs The penalty for breaking it is to become a slave to the Mandarin people."

The spirit of national defense, bravery, and an iron will to fight are all further strengthened by that unwavering determination Thus, in order to survive during the Hung King period, the ancient Vietnamese people got tattoos Later, during the Ly-Tran period, these tattoos came to symbolize both their original culture and their will to uphold their nation's independence

Although the prevalence of tattoos has risen steeply over the past decade (Shannon-Massal, 2016), perceptions of tattooed individuals have remained negative People view tattooed individuals as possessing a number of negative character attributes, including being less inhibited (Wohlrab, Fink, Kappeler, & Brewer, 2009), less competent, having worse character, being less sociable (Seiter & Hatch, 2005), and being more sexually promiscuous (Wohlrab et al., 2009)

2.4.2 Self-identity

A Hobbies

People with a soaring soul and a penchant for creativity may have a profound passion for various forms of art, such as drawing, painting, or graphic design They might enjoy creating their own tattoo designs or exploring different artistic styles, which could include incorporating their interests into their body art Some individuals derive immense pleasure

choose to have a music-related image or music note tattooed on their body.

Individuals who love to explore or travel often become tattoo enthusiasts as well, as they enjoy discovering unique tattoo styles and artistry from different cultures around the world Traveling allows them to broaden their horizons and appreciate diverse artistic expressions People who are passionate about fitness and sports might choose to have a tattoo of a sports icon or their favorite athlete, as a tribute to their dedication and love for the game

For those who are avid readers and literature enthusiasts, books, comics, or graphic novels might inspire their tattoo choices They might opt to have tattoos of book covers, characters,

or symbols that resonate with them, reflecting their interests in history, mythology, or alternative cultures In the realm of gaming, both video games and board games capture the hearts of many, and they might choose to tattoo their favorite characters or gaming-related designs as a testament to their love for entertainment and virtual worlds

People who are interested in fashion and style might also incorporate their passion into their body art by tattooing fashion, clothing, or accessory designs They might enjoy experimenting with unique styles, merging their personal taste with their body art Photography enthusiasts, on the other hand, might choose to have a tattoo of a photo they've taken or one that inspires them They could even specialize their tattoo in a particular photography genre, such as portrait, landscape, or street photography

Cooking and culinary arts can also inspire tattoos, with women often opting for smaller, more delicate designs, and men choosing larger, more prominent ones It is essential to note that these examples are just a glimpse into the wide array of hobbies and interests that can inspire tattoos, and individuals with tattoos can have diverse passions that are not limited to this list

A Meanings behind the ink

In the realm of tattoos, "ink" commonly denotes the colored liquid injected into the skin to create lasting designs Tattoos, utilized for centuries across diverse cultures, serve myriad purposes including self-expression, cultural or spiritual significance, personal identification,

or purely as body art

The interpretation of a tattoo varies significantly based on the individual and their motives Tattoos can embody personal significance, representing pivotal experiences, beliefs, or values Alternatively, they may serve solely as decorative elements, chosen for their aesthetic appeal

interpretation What holds profound significance for one person may carry an entirely different connotation for another Ultimately, the meaning of a tattoo is deeply individualistic and distinctive to the wearer A person who is confident in love and takes care of everything can also get a tattoo A person who has just experienced tragedy, suffering or has a not very positive outlook can also have tattoos, depending on their preferences, attitudes and perspectives on wanting to keep something on their body

In recent times, there's a growing trend among young people to opt for minimalist tattoos, favoring small and straightforward designs Each tattoo on their body carries a unique significance, influenced by the individual's personal preferences, beliefs, and life perspective Even when two individuals sport similar tattoos, the meanings behind them can vary greatly For instance, semicolon tattoos can have various meanings, depending on the context and the wearer's perception Here are some common meanings of semicolon tattoos: Semicolons are often used to end sentences, indicating pause and reflection Semicolon tattoos can symbolize evaluation and reflection on decisions, actions or times in life Semicolons can also represent moving on and recovering from a difficult event or experience It can symbolize stopping to breathe, then continuing the journey forward

A tattoo is an example of simplicity while a line tattoo can have many different meanings, depending on the situation and emotions of the person getting the tattoo Here are some common meanings of line tattoos: Lines are often associated with steadfastness, strength, and determination Line tattoos can symbolize striving and leading in a direction, the ability to overcome challenges and goals in life Straight lines can also represent progress and development It can represent the process of growing up and trying to get to a new place, a new state, or a new goal Lines can represent links and connections between points, people or ideas Line tattoos can represent a connection to family, friends or community, or a specific relationship in the wearer's life

2.4.3 Hypotheses

Looking at the previous research model and studies, the following hypotheses are proposed for this research:

Table 1: Proposed hypotheses

Hypothesis: Proposed hypothesis relationship: