Definition of entrepreneurial intention 0 0 ccccccccccecceeeteeeeeteeeseetees 7
Antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions under the theory of
In this study, we refer to the theory of planned behavior of Ajzen (1991) Theory of planned behavior is researched and developed based on the original version named the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein, 1980) Theory of planned behavior overcomes the limitation of the original version by adding element perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991)
In the theory of planned behavior, intention places itself in a central position Based on the definition given in the Collins Dictionary (Harper Collins, 2019), intention means the act or fact of intending, determination to a specified thing or act in a specified manner Ajzen (1991) indicate that: “Intentions are assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence behavior; they are indications of how hard people are willing to try, of how much of an effort they are planning to exert, in order to perform the behavior.” Social norm (subjective norm) is one of the three factors that affect intention Based on research by Ajzen (1991), subjective norms are understood as follows: “It is a social factor refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not to perform the behavior.” The second factor, which has a strong relationship with intention, is the attitude toward the behavior (PA) By the definition of the Cambridge Dictionary, attitude is a feeling or an opinion of people about someone or something It might be the behavior of individuals caused by these emotions (Cambridge University Press, 2019) According to Ajzen (1991), PA refers to the following: “The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation or appraisal of the behavior in question.” The last factor of TPB is perceived behavioral control (PBC) According to Ajzen (1991), the following is the definition of PBC: “ It refers to the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior and it is assumed to reflect past experience as well as anticipated impediments and obstacles.”
TPB was used in many studies of EI According to the self-employment study of Russian students by Tkachev and Kolvereid (1999), TPB is used in conjunction with tracking models The results show that there is strong support for the assumption that the greater of the three factors include attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in Russian students, the higher level of self-employment intention
In the research whether TPB and the entrepreneurial event (Shapero & Sokol, 1982) can be integrated, Jakovleva and Kolvereid (2009) suggested that all three factors of TPB shows a significant impacts on desirability and feasibility, while Elis a function of desirability- feasibility Moreover, Souitaris, Zerbinati, and Al-Laham (2007) said that there were significant influences between SN, PA, PBC and EI, whereas SN had the strongest impact on EI of the students in European universities The TPB model plays an important role in researching students’ intentions for starting a business.
Therefore, this model rise a hypotheses related to the student entrepreneurial intention:
Hypothesis I: (a) Social norms, (b) personal attitude, and (c) perceived behavioral control will positively relate to EI
However, the extension of TPB model needs to recognize by adding other factors (Ajzen, 1991) Three elements of TPB might not fully explain EI of university students Since people who have entrepreneurial intention will become entrepreneurs in the future, it is necessary for them to have leadership skills to be efficient leaders Some previous studies, for example, the study of EI in Colombian business student by Henley et al (2017) suggested the idea that leadership skills strongly associate with EI In this research, we will examine the idea that whether or not students who have leadership potential will also have entrepreneurial intentions.
Leadership potential nhổ cố
According to the Oxford Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2019), leadership is the ability to be a leader or the qualities of them It can also be the state of being a leader in an organization The Oxford Dictionary defines that the potential is qualities or abilities that able to develop and it could lead to a successful future (Cambridge University Press, 2019) Silzer and Church (2009) said that leadership potential used to describe “an individual who has qualities such as characteristics, motivation, skills, abilities, and experience They might effectively contribute in many fields in the organization in the future”
According to Silzer and Church (2009), there are six dimensions of leadership potential: cognitive skills, personality, learning, leadership, motivation, and performance Additionally, there are three types of potential dimensions provided by the leadership potential blueprint (Silzer & Church, 2009) It includes Foundation dimensions, Growth dimensions and finally, Career Dimensions The foundations dimensions are the most basic traits of the individual (Church, 2014) It is hard to change and they remain in stable status across situations, even there is intervention and supports from external The growth dimensions are the ability of development and growth of individuals (Church, 2014) Growth dimensions could be more clear
10 or strengthened when a person interested in particular fields, or when he/she has an opportunity to study about those fields and he/she is in encouraging environment Growth dimensions include two factors: learning and motivation (Silzer & Church, 2009) The final dimensions are career dimensions, which are early indicators stating skills needed for specific occupations According to Silzer and Church (2009) it includes three elements: leadership, performance and technical (or functional) These dimensions can be learned if a person has some of the growth dimensions
This study used leadership potential to explain the entrepreneurial intention of students These theories of leadership potential yield the second hypothesis regarding entrepreneurial intention:
Hypothesis 2: Leadership potential will positively relate to EI.
Research method 12
Results 15
Descriptive statistics of the study variables - eee eee 15
Table 3.1 shows the majority of respondents have high PA (M = 3.70, SD = 76) and SN (M = 3.74, SD = 76), but their PBC was lower than these two factors, just above average (M = 2.79, SD = 67) Many students have high leadership (M = 3.84, S.D = 73) and high entrepreneurial intention (M = 3.58, S.D = 86)
In terms of EI and control variables, Table 3.1 also shows that EI was significant related to Gender (r = 218, p < 01), School Business (7 = 156, p < 05), Family Business (7 = 312, p < 01), In Business (7 = 388, p < 01) and Leading Others (7 497, p < O1), but not significant related to Work Experience
In terms of EI and TPB variables, Table 3.1 indicates that EI was significant related to all three factors of PBC To be specific, the estimated coefficient from PA was 783 (p < O1), the estimated coefficient from SN was 618 (p < 01) and the estimated coefficient from PBC was 387 (p < 01) Finally, EI was significant related to Leading others factors (r = 497, p < O1).
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Discussions 21 (No a0 8n
Limitations 2
We adapted the scale for leadership potential from the study of Lee et al (2015), but limited to only Leading others This Leading others scale can help to tap an essential of leadership potential However, we believe that other dimensions of leadership potential identified by Lee et al (2015) such as citizenship, dominance, global mind might also affect EI
Despite the mentioned limitations in the current study, there are a number of directions that would benefit future researches Further research, would be necessary in order to help formulate strategies and programs to strentgthen the relationship between Emotional intelligence and TPB factors Additionally, replications of this research canbe done in other countries, to gain an understanding of how different cultures may place a strong or weak emphasis on the impact of emotional intelligence on leadership potential Finally, this research can also considered as a measure of actual business start-up research.
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We also noted the impact of the positive attitude towards entrepreneurship of students on their intention to start a business It directly affects their intention to start a business Student attitude towards entrepreneurship can be enhanced through: (i) Providing courses and courses related to corporate governance, starting a business for students
(ii) Building an alumni network and start-up funds to support start-ups
(iii) Setting up information centers to support start-up
From our research, social norms has positive effects on the entrepreneurial intention of students Every individuals in universities can create start up the motivation for students Universities can increase their undergraduates start up intention by opening courses which teach students more about entrepreneurial
24 knowledge To implement that, universities need to design specific educational programs, educational structures, teaching methods as well as organizing some workshops for entrepreneurship This might increase the awareness relating to self- employment of undergraduates It is also necessary for them to focus on choosing good lecturers, guests and speakers who already have entrepreneurship experiences to pass knowledge onto students Since our study shows that perceived behavioral control positively affects entrepreneurship, universities can open entrepreneurship contests to make students to become familiar with the way of building new company 4.4.2 Improve business conditions
Minimize the complicated administrative procedures facilitating policies helps people who have entrepreneurial intention to access the information and assistance, increased financial support by the sponsors, investment funds for startups
To foster entrepreneurship among students, it is crucial to enhance awareness, foster motivation, and empower them with confidence in their creative endeavors Universities should provide training in business skills and disseminate awareness programs to enable self-assessment of entrepreneurial aptitude Specialized courses on startup techniques should be developed, complemented by regular seminars and business talks Creating playgrounds for idea development, implementing interactive training sessions, and incorporating modules on business fundamentals will further nurture students' entrepreneurial aspirations.
This study used data collected from 183 students who are from the first to fourth year of National Economics University, Vietnam The survey created by reference to the questionnaires of Lifidn and Chen (2009) and Lee et al (2015) The purpose of this research is finding out the impacts leadership potential on the entrepreneurial intention of students
After implementing hypothesis testing, we found that all of three-factor of Theory of planned behavior, to be specific, PA, SN and PBC that positively influent
EI of National Economics University students Moreover, the empirical results also show that student who grows up in the business family tend to have higher star-up intention than their friends, due to the fact that Family business directly affects the EI of students Undergraduates who open a business on their own also have higher EI since there is a significant relationship among in business factor and EI Furthermore, the study suggests that further research on entrepreneurial intention should put a family background, entrepreneurial status and leadership potential as critical elements
The findings of our research can be used to help organizations to select potential candidates when they consider about who they should invest in This would make the organization becoming more profitable in the future since there is a chance that these young entrepreneurs will be successful.
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I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur
My goal is to be an entrepreneur
I am willing to do anything as long as I set up my business
I will definitely create my own business
I think very seriously about whether I will open a business or not
I am certain that I will open a business
I find it easy to create and maintain a business
I believe that I am fully capable to do business Ihave the ability to do the things necessary to open a new business
I know all the detailed things to do to start a business
I easily found an idea to do business
If I had done my own business before, I would have succeeded
Being a business owner is extremely attractive to me
If I find a business opportunity and have favorable conditions, I will carry out a business activity to take advance of that opportunity
I will feel extremely pleased if I own a business
I determined that the top choice for my career would be to do my own business and not work for others.