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v

ABSTRACT

Cuu Long basin is the most important Cenozoic sedimentary basin in continental shelf

of Vietnam Previous hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in the basin focused mainly on structural traps, while non-structural traps such as stratigraphic and combination traps were not paid enough attention The research area is located at the Southeastern region of Cuu Long basin, adjacent to Con Son Swell, which provides favorable conditions for the formation of stratigraphic/combination traps Several recent discoveries of stratigraphic/combination traps within Upper Oligocene section at the Southeastern margin have proven the increasing importance of these targets and opened

up new direction in future petroleum exploration activities in Cuu Long basin In order

to sufficiently explore stratigraphic traps and to minimize risks involved, detailed investigations regarding formation mechanisms of these traps as well as their distribution characteristics are essential Based on analysis and evaluation of collected geological, geophysical data of the research area, and by applying integrated studies of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, well logs interpretations as well as lithology and biostratigraphy, the author clarifies the existence and configuration of stratigraphic traps in Upper Oligocene deposits at the Southeastern area of Cuu Long basin Along with that, based on analysis of sequence stratigraphy incorporating with seismic attributes, facies - depositional environments and others, the author identifies the forming processes and mechanisms of stratigraphic traps within the research area as well as evaluates the storage capacity and seal capability of the stratigraphic reservoirs

in order to assess their hydrocarbon potential

Upper Oligocene clastics section of the Southeastern area of Cuu Long basin is divided into two subsets: Oligocene C sequence above and Oligocene D sequence below Each sequence is subdivided into three system tracts: lowstand (bottom), transgressive (middle) and highstand (top) Among these, the lowstand system tract of Oligocene C and the highstand system tract of Oligocene D are related to stratigraphic traps identified within the research area The depositional environments of Oligocene D system tracts are majorly shallow to deep lacustrine Delta plain, alluvial/fluvial environments are mainly found within lowstand and highstand system tracts at the Eastern and

vi

Southeastern regions of the research area The depositional environments of Oligocene

C system tracts are majorly fluvial/alluvial, alluvial plain to deltaic and lacustrine ones Sediments of Oligocene C and Oligocene D system tracts are supplied from Con Son swell, generally transported through NE-SW and E-W channel systems

In Upper Oligocene clastics of the Southeastern area of Cuu Long Basin, there are several trap types categorized in two different groups: depositional stratigraphic traps and unconformity-related traps

Depositional stratigraphic traps include facies change (or sand bodies) traps and pinch-out traps Facies change traps includes slope fans and basin floor fans in lowstand system tract of Oligocene C sequence and channel sand deposits in highstand system tract of Oligocene D sequence Pinch-out traps are identified within Oligocene C sequence

Unconformity-related trap includes truncation trap (below unconformity) in highstand system tract Oligocene D sequence

In the research area, Upper Oligocene stratigraphic traps are characterized by sigmoid, sigmoid-oblique, parallel to divergent seismic reflection configurations Their seismic amplitudes are moderate to high accompanied with varied continuities and low to moderate frequencies On well logs, these traps are identified with bow- to cylinder-shaped trends of log curves These traps were formed in near-shore continental environments with dominant lacustrine, fluvial, and deltaic facies Sediments were supplied to these traps from Con Son Swell

Upper Oligocene stratigraphic traps in the research area distribute along the western side

of Con Son swell, on slopes or monoclines with less and less distribution toward the center of Cuu Long basin Chronologically, these traps were formed within highstand system tract of early Late Oligocene (D sequence) and within lowstand system tract of late Late Oligocene (C sequence) Storage capability of these traps is from moderate to good (except for poor to moderate storage capability of basin-floor fans) with moderate

to good top seal capacity (except for poor to moderate top seal capacity of pinch-out traps) and poor to moderate bottom seal capacity Being located in or close to the

vii

structural traps with proven hydrocarbon discoveries and having high total hydrocarbon potential (approximate 600 MMbbls at P50 category) makes these Upper Oligocene stratigraphic traps hold considerable importance in petroleum exploration in the Southeastern area of Cuu Long basin This requires more attention to future exploration

of stratigraphic traps in this area Due to the lack of DST and core data of stratigraphic traps within Upper Oligocen section in the research area, in the future, application of new technologies (seismic sequence stratigraphy in combination with well data, core analysis, seismic attributes, especially DUWLILFLDOQHXUDOQHWZRUN« is needed in order to minimize risks and improve the reliability of the research results In order to optimize oil and gas exploration activities at areas with similar geological conditions as the Southeastern area of CLB, simultaneous exploration of structural traps and stratigraphic/combination traps is necessary

viii

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ÿm hѭӟng dүn tұn tình, FKkQWKjQKFҧPѫQTXê thҫy cô Khoa Kӻ thuұt Ĉӏa chҩt và Dҫu khí Ĉҥi hӑc Bách Khoa WKjQKSKӕ+ӗ&Kt0LQK, ÿӗng nghiӋp ӣ các phòng Thăm dò, Công NghӋ mӓ cӫa Công ty ĈiӅu hành Thăm dò Khai thác Dҫu khí Trong nѭӟc (PVEP POC), Ban Tìm kiӃm Thăm dò Tәng công ty Thăm dò Khai thác Dҫu khí (PVEP) và mӝt sӕ ÿѫn vӏ khác trong ngành ÿm giúp ÿӥ và ÿyng góp ý kiӃn ÿӇ tác giҧ hoàn thành luұn án này

Tác giҧ cNJng xin bày tӓ lӡi cҧm ѫn chân thành ÿӃn Tұp ÿoàn Dҫu Khí Quӕc gia ViӋt Nam, Tәng công ty Thăm dò Khai thác Dҫu khí, Công ty PVEP POC ÿm tҥo ÿiӅu kiӋn thuұn lӧi và cho phép tác giҧ sӱ dөng tài liӋu ÿӇ WKӵFKLӋQ, hoàn thành và công bӕ NӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXOLrQTXDQÿӃQÿӅ tài

Sӵ ÿӝng viên tinh thҫn lӟn lao cӫa gia ÿunh YjEҥQEqÿm khích lӋ tác giҧ trong suӕt thӡi gian nghiên cӭu ÿӅ tài YjKRjQWKjQKOXұQiQ

Tác giҧ cNJng xin bày tӓ lòng biӃt ѫn ÿӃn nhӳng nhà nghiên cӭu ÿi trѭӟc cùng lƭnh vӵc trong và ngoài nѭӟc có và chѭa có nêu tên trong danh sách các trích dүn FӫD luұn án ÿm tҥo ÿiӅu kiӋn cho tác giҧ hoàn thành luұn án này

Xin chân thành cҧm ѫn!

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&ѫFKӃYjTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKFiFEү\ÿӏDWҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵF ngKLrQFӭX 85

3.5.1 %ү\ÿӏDWҫQJOҳQJÿӑQJWUҫPWtFK 85

3.5.2 %ү\ÿӏDWҫQJNӅiSEҩWFKӍQKKӧS 89

&+ѬѪ1* ĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ03+Æ1%ӔĈҺ&75Ѭ1*9ӌ$&+Ӭ$9¬7,ӄ01Ă1* 'Ҫ8 +Ë &È& %Ү< Ĉӎ$ 7Ҫ1* 7521* 75Ҫ0 7Ë&+ 2/,*2&(1 7+ѬӦ1* +89Ӵ&ĈÐ1*1$0%ӆ&Ӱ8/21* 91

ĈһFÿLӇPSKkQEӕFiFEү\ÿӏDWҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵFQJKLrQFӭX 91

4.1.1 ĈһFÿLӇm phân bӕ các bү\ÿӏa tҫng trong các phân vӏ ÿӏa tҫng Oligocen WKѭӧng khu vӵc nghiên cӭu 91

4.1.2 ĈһFÿLӇm phân bӕ các bү\ÿӏa tҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧng theo không gian 93

ĈһFWUѭQJFKӭD- FKҳQFӫDFiFEү\ÿӏDWҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵF QJKLrQFӭX 99

4.2.1 ĈһFWUѭQJFKӭDFiF Eү\ÿӏDWҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵFQJKLrQ FӭX 104

xi

4.2.2 ĈiQKJLiNKҧ QăQJFKҳn cho các bү\ÿӏa tҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧng khu

vӵc nghiên cӭu 111

7LӅPQăQJGҫXNKtYjÿiQKJLiUӫLURWURQJWuPNLӃPWKăPGzFiFEү\ÿӏDWҫQJ WURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵF Ĉ{QJ1DPEӇ&ӱX/RQJ 115

4.3.1 ĈiQKJLiWLӅPQăQJGҫXNKtEү\ÿӏDWҫQJWURQJ2OLJRFHQWKѭӧQJNKXYӵF QJKLrQFӭX 116

4.3.2 ĈiQKJLiUӫLUR 119

.ӂ7/8Ұ19¬.,ӂ11*+ӎ 124

.ӃWOXұQ 124

.LӃQQJKӏ 125

DANH MӨ&&Ð1*75Î1+Ĉ­&Ð1*%Ӕ 126

TÀ,/,ӊ87+$0.+Ҧ2 128

xii

DANH MӨC CÁC HÌNH ҦNH

Hình 1.1 Vӏ WUtÿӏa lý khu vӵc nghiên cӭu 1+uQK6ѫÿӗ vӏ trí kiӃn tҥo cӫa bӇ Cӱu Long và khu vӵc nghiên cӭXWURQJEuQKÿӗ kiӃn tҥo khu vӵFĈ{QJ1DPÈWKӡi kǤ WUѭӟc tách giãn ± Eocen giӳa [3] 3+uQK6ѫÿӗ minh hӑa các hoҥWÿӝng kiӃn tҥo khu vӵFĈ{QJ1DPÈWKӡi kǤ Eocen giӳa - Oligocen [3] 4+uQK6ѫÿӗ minh hӑa hoҥWÿӝng kiӃn tҥo khu vӵFĈ{QJ1DPÈWKӡi kǤ tҥo rift muӝn

± Miocen sӟm [3] 5+uQK6ѫÿӗ phân vùng kiӃn tҥo bӇ Cӱu Long VӁ lҥi theo [1] 6Hình 1.6: CӝWÿӏa tҫng tәng hӧp bӇ Cӱu Long [5] 7Hình 1.7 Nghiên cӭX ÿӏa tҫng phân tұp khu vӵc phía Bҳc [18], khu vӵc Bҥch Hә và Rӗng [16] trong bӇ Cӱu Long 16Hình 1.8 Mӝt sӕ kӃt quҧ nghiên cӭXWѭӟQJP{LWUѭӡng trҫm tích (theo nhiӅu tác giҧ) khu vӵc phía Bҳc bӇ Cӱu Long [12], Bҥch Hә >@YjĈ{QJ1DPEӇ Cӱu Long [19] 17Hình 1.9 Mӝt sӕ kӃt quҧ nghiên cӭu vӅ bү\ÿӏa tҫng/hӛn hӧp trong bӇ Cӱu Long: a) khu vӵc phân bӕ bүy phi cҩu tҥo phía Bҳc cӫa bӇ [12]; b) mһt cҳWÿӏa chҩn thӇ hiӋn khҧ QăQJtӗn tҥi bүy phi cҩu tҥo lô 09->@F Vѫÿӗ phân bӕ khҧ năQJWӗn tҥi các bү\ÿӏa tҫng trong bӇ [11] 18+uQK6ѫÿӗ phân loҥi bү\ÿӏa tҫng Tәng hӧp tӯ nhiӅu tác giҧ [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26] 21+uQKĈyQJJyScӫDFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭXWURQJWKăPGzFiFEү\ÿӏa tҫng [25] 22Hình 2.3 Mô hình tұp tích tө [34], [40] 26Hình 2.4 HӋ thӕng trҫm tích biӇn thҩSYjFiFÿѫQYӏ trҫm tích: (1) QuҥWÿi\EӇ; (2) Quҥt Vѭӡn; (3) Nêm lҩn (turbidit xiên chéo); (4) Trҫm tích lҩSÿҫ\WKXQJONJQJV{QJ>@>@ 27Hình 2.5 HӋ thӕng trҫm tích biӇn tiӃQYjFiFÿѫQYӏ trҫm tích: (1) Các thành tҥo cӱa V{QJ 7ѭӟQJYNJQJYӏnh, bãi bӗi do sóng, châu thә triӅXFѭӡQJ &iFÿҧo cát chҳn; (4) Châu thә triӅu kiӋt [34], [35] 29Hình 2.6 HӋ thӕng trҫm tích biӇQFDRYjFiFÿѫQYӏ trҫPWtFK Ĉӗng bҵng bӗi tích;  Ĉӗng bҵng ven biӇQ 7ѭӟng biӇQQ{QJ