Luận án tiến sĩ Kỹ thuật địa chất: Nghiên cứu sự ô nhiễm kim loại (sắt, nhôm, mangan, đồng, chì, cadimi) trong nước dưới đất tầng Pleistocen khu vực Tp. Hồ Chí Minh

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Thành phӕ Hӗ Chí Minh (Tp.HCM) là mӝt trung tâm kinh tӃ - YăQKRi± xã hӝi KjQJÿҫu tҥi ViӋt Nam.Tҥi thành phӕ Hӗ &Kt0LQKQѭӟFGѭӟLÿҩW1'Ĉ ÿѭӧc quan tâm, khai thác sӱ dөng tӯ nhӳng thұSQLrQQăPPѭѫLFӫa thӃ kӹ WUѭӟc và có vai trò quan trӑng sau nguӗn Qѭӟc mһt ӣ thành phӕ Hӗ Chí Minh vӟi tәQJOѭXOѭӧng khai thác cho sinh hoҥt gҫn 1 triӋu m3QJj\ÿrP WURQJ ÿy tҫng Pleistocen khoҧng 200.000m3QJj\ÿrP Trong nhӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\Yӟi các biӇu hiӋn vӅ thӡi tiӃt cӵFÿRDQQKѭPѭDWUiLPDOѭӧQJPѭDJLDWăQJONJ lөt, hҥn hán kéo dài, nhiӋWÿӝ cao bҩWWKѭӡng diӉQUDNKiWKѭӡQJ[X\rQYjFNJQJÿmҧQKKѭӣng rҩt lӟQÿӃn chҩWOѭӧng nguӗQQѭӟFGѭӟi ÿҩW1'Ĉ Wҥi khu vӵc Trong khai thác sӱ dөQJQѭӟFGѭӟLÿҩt, ngoài viӋFÿiSӭng vӅ

sӕ Oѭӧng thì chҩW OѭӧQJ FNJQJ ÿӅX ÿѭӧc quDQ WkP KjQJ ÿҫu Tuy nhiên, trong nhӳng nghiên cӭu gҫQ ÿk\ FKR WKҩ\ Qѭӟc các trong tҫng chӭD Qѭӟc Pleistocen khu vӵc Tp.HCM hiӋQÿmSKiWKLӋn mӝt sӕ kim loҥi vӟLKjPOѭӧQJWăQJFDRQKѭ$O0Q&X3E

As, Cd, Hg ӣ mӝt sӕ khu vӵc, sӵ xuҩt hiӋn các ion kim loҥLQKѭYұy có ҧQKKѭӣng khá lӟQÿӃn sӭc khӓHFRQQJѭӡi Luұn in nghiên cӭu xic lұSÿLӅu kiӋn diӉn biӃn thjnh phҫn hoi hӑFWURQJQѭӟFGѭӟLÿҩWWUrQFѫVӣ xây dӵng tұp hӧp chuӛi sӕ liӋu vӅ kӃt quҧ phân ttch thjnh phҫn kim loҥi cӫa cic tҫng chӭDQѭӟc khu vӵc Tp.HCM qua ciFJLDLÿRҥn 1991-1997, 1997-2006 vj 2006-2017 KӃt quҧ phân ttch thҥch hӑc cho thҩy hҫu hӃt thành phҫQÿҩt ӣ các quұn huyӋn khu vӵF7S+&0ÿѭӧc hình thành tӯ các khoáng vұt FKtQKQKѭWKҥch anh, kali feldspar, plagioclase, sét, canxit, dolomit, pyrit, riebeckit, siderit ViӋc phyng thtch cic kim loҥi tӯ cic khoing vұt njy vjRWURQJ1'ĈSKө thuӝc phҫn lӟn vjRÿLӅu kiӋQÿӏa hoi P{LWUѭӡng LuұQYăQFNJQJEѭӟFÿҫu làm sáng tӓ FѫFKӃ xâm nhұp cӫa cic kim loҥi Fe, Mn, As vj Al vjRWURQJQѭӟFGѭӟLÿҩt khu vӵc Tây Bҳc Thành phӕ Hӗ Chí Minh NgojLUDÿLӅu kiӋn phát triӇn kinh tӃ tӵ nhiên vj xm hӝi tҥi 7S+&0FNJQJJySSKҫn ttch cӵFWK~Fÿҭy nhӳng nhân tӕ cӫa mӝt sӕ kim loҥLÿLYjo WURQJQѭӟFGѭӟLÿҩt

VӅ ÿinh gii rӫi ro sӭc khoҿ, luұn iQÿm ÿinh gii ÿѭӧc rӫi URNK{QJJk\XQJWKѭÿӕi vӟi cic kim loҥLWK{QJTXDÿѭӡQJăQXӕng QKѭ$O0Q$V, Cdÿk\Oj ÿѭӡQJSKѫLQKLӉm chӫ yӃXFKRQJѭӡi dân khi mj ÿDVӕ QJѭӡi dân tҥLÿӏa bjn nghiên cӭu vүn sӱ dөQJQѭӟc không qua xӱ lê hay xӱ lê rҩWVѫVji sӱ dөQJFKRăQXӕng vj sinh hoҥt ViӋc sӱ dөng mô

hunh lan truyӅn 3MTDMs cӫa GMS cho thҩ\[XKѭӟng lan truyӅn ô nhiӉm kim loҥi Mn,

As, Cu, Pb, Cu, Cd Fy[XKѭӟng dӏch chuyӇQWKHRKѭӟng dòng chҧ\Kѭӟng di chuyӇn chung vӅ phía Ĉ{QJvà Ĉ{QJ1DP Tӯ kӃt quҧ cӫa mô hunh njy, viӋFÿinh gii vj phân vng rӫi ro sӭc khoҿ OLrQTXDQÿӃn vng nghiên cӭXÿѭӧc xiFÿӏnh NhuQFKXQJÿDVӕ ciFSKѭӡng/xm QѫLWұp trung nhiӅu khu công nghiӋp, khu chӃ xuҩt, bmi riFÿӅu cho hjm Oѭӧng kim loҥi cao vj phân vng rӫi ro lj cao vj không chҩp nhұQÿѭӧF7URQJÿyUӫi URJk\XQJWKѭFDRQKҩt ӣ khu vӵc Cӫ Chi, tұp trung chính ӣ mӝt sӕ [mQKѭ$Q3K~Trung LұS7Kѭӧng, PhҥP9ăQ&{L+Rj3K~%uQK0ӻ, Thái Mӻ3Kѭӟc Thҥnh, Tân

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&KLFyKjPOѭӧQJ&GWURQJQѭӟc tҥi hai khu vӵc này khá cao FyQJX\FѫJk\XQJWKѭcao không chҩp nhұQÿѭӧFWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJQѭӟFĈӕi vӟi kim loҥi mangan diӉn ra trên diӋn rӝng trên toàn ÿӏa bàn huyӋn Bình Chánh, Hyc Môn cùng vӟi mӝt sӕ xã thuӝc huyӋn Cӫ Chi QKѭxã Trung An và Tân Phú Trung có mӭFÿӝ rӫi ro trung bình còn lҥi các khu vӵFNKiFÿӕi vӟi kim loҥi mangan mӭFÿӝ rӫLURJk\XQJWKѭӣ mӭc chҩp nhұn

Luұn in cNJng thiӃt lұp vj xây dӵQJÿѭӧc mô hình xӱ lê Qѭӟc nhiӉm kim loҥi quy

mô hӝ JLDÿuQKÿѫQJLҧn, rҿ tiӅn, dӉ áp dөng vj ÿm ÿѭӧc thӱ nghiӋm thjnh công tҥi khu vӵc nghiên cӭu

ABSTRACT

Groundwater is an important resource for water supply in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM City) which is one of the biggest city in Vietnam Groundwater has been exploited here since the 1950s and contributes about 1 million m3/day (with about 200.000m3/day from Pleistocen aquifers) for water supply in HCM City In recent years, groundwater quality

in HCM City has been deteriorated due to climate change and getting more concern in groundwater management Recent studies showed that the concentration of heavy metals

in groundwater such as Al, Mn, Cu, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg was high in Pleistocen aquifers

of HCM City The occurrences of those heavy metals in groundwater may affect human health In this study, the hydrogeochemical conditions and changes of groundwater chemistry based on the long-term monitoring data of heavy metals in the HCM City aquifer system for three periods: 1991-1997, 1997-2006, and 2006-2017 have been collected and investigated The lithology analysis results show that the sediments in HCM City mainly consist of Quartz, K-Felspar, Plagioclase, Clay, Calcite, Dolomite, Pyrite, Riebeckite, and Siderite with varied proportion The mobilisation of heavy metals from such minerals into groundwater are largely depended on the hydrogeochemical conditions This study also presents the releasing mechanisms of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, As, and Al into groundwater in the Northwestern HCM City Also, natural conditions and anthropogenic activities in HCM City are other factors influencing the releasing of heavy metals into groundwater

For health risk assessment, this study evaluated the non-risk of cancer for such heavy metals through drinking and food consumption in HCM City, which is the primary way of exposure to the toxicity of heavy metals due to the use of untreated groundwater in domestic use

The utilization of MT3DMS, a three-dimensions transport model module in GMS software, showed the transportation trends of heavy metals generally following the flow direction to the east and southeastern area Based on the model results, the assessment and zonation of health risks were determined for HCM Ctity Overall, the high conceQWUDWLRQRIKHDY\PHWDOVDQGKLJKWRµXQDFFHSWDEOH¶]RQHVDUHFRQFHQWUDWHGLQDUHDV

of landfill, and industry In particular, the highest risk of cancer is distributed in Cu Chi,

especially in An Phu, Trung Lap Thuong, Pham Van Coi, Hoa Phu, Binh My, Thai My, Phuoc Thanh, Tan An Hoi and Nhuan Duc communes The high Cd concentrations in Phuoc Hiep and Tan An Hoi communes in Cu Chi are unacceptable for domestic use due to a high risk of cancer Mn contaminations occur largely in Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon and Cu Chi area with the intermediate risk of cancer observed in Trung An and Tan Phu Trung communes and acceptable risk of cancer in other communes

According to the results of this study, the pilot scale water treatment for heavy metals in the household-scale was proposed and successfully tested in HCM City

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Trong qui trunh nghiên cӭu vj hojn thjnh luұn iQ1&6ÿm ÿѭӧc cic cin bӝ, thҫy

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