skkn các dạng bài tập nâng cao kỹ năng viết luận tiếng anh dành cho học sinh giỏi quốc gia

Mô tả các giải pháp cũ thường làm: giáo viên cho học sinh chủ đề viết,học sinh và giáo viên cùng lập dàn ý viết bài, học sinh viết bài, học sinh tự chữabài chéo, giáo viên thu lại bài, c

1 Ngày sáng kiến được áp dụng lần đầu hoặc áp dụng thử: 10.2022

2 Các thông tin cần bảo mật (nếu có): Không

3 Mô tả các giải pháp cũ thường làm: giáo viên cho học sinh chủ đề viết,

học sinh và giáo viên cùng lập dàn ý viết bài, học sinh viết bài, học sinh tự chữabài chéo, giáo viên thu lại bài, chấm bài, nhận xét và trả bài cho học sinh.

Hạn chế của giải pháp này: Học sinh sẽ viết tốt nếu đó là bài học sinh đã viếtrồi, học sinh không linh hoạt khi gặp bài viết hoàn toàn mới mẻ Học sinhgặp nhiều khó khăn trong việc dùng từ, cấu trúc câu đa dạng mang tính họcthuật.

4.Sự cần thiết phải áp dụng giải pháp sáng kiến:

Khi bắt đầu học tiếng Anh, học sinh được tiếp xúc với bốn kỹ năng cơ bảncủa ngôn ngữ là nghe, nói, đọc, và viết Đây là những kỹ năng quan trọng củangười học ngôn ngữ nước ngoài Trong bốn kĩ năng đó, viết là một kỹ năng khóđối với người học, đòi hỏi người dạy phải nắm được các kiến thức nhất định vàthực hiện tốt nguyên tắc “Học đi đôi với hành”

Dạy ngoại ngữ nói chung, dạy tiếng Anh nói riêng việc đổi mới phươngpháp dạy học là rất quan trọng Ngoài việc nắm vững kiến thức ngôn ngữ, thựchiện tốt kĩ năng nghe, nói, đọc thì kỹ năng viết cũng đóng một vai trò quan trọngkhông kém Dạy viết là một trong những nội dung cơ bản và thực sự là sự kếthợp tinh tế của việc giảng các kỹ năng ngôn ngữ khác.

Từ những luận điểm trên, việc áp dụng các phương pháp dạy viết giúp họcsinh thực hiện một bài viết Tiếng Anh tốt, đảm bảo chính xác về yêu cầu bàiviết trong việc sử dụng từ vựng, ngữ pháp, tính logic, liên kết, tính sáng tạotrong bài viết là rất quan trọng.

Trong quá trình dạy và học chúng tôi nhận thấy: Kĩ năng viết là một trongnhững kỹ năng khó nhất trong các kĩ năng, đòi hỏi học sinh phải có vốn từvựng, hiểu các cấu trúc ngữ pháp, các ý tưởng để lập dàn ý khi viết Đặc biệtcác em phải nắm được từng kiểu bài luận cần viết như thế nào Kĩ năng viếtgiúp cho học sinh tái hiện lại những gì đã được học, giúp các em thực hành sửdụng ngôn ngữ một cách hiệu quả Kĩ năng viết phát huy khả năng sáng tạo củahọc sinh, nó phản ánh kết quả của quá trình nghe, nói, đọc, ngữ pháp, từ vựngcủa học sinh, thể hiện được mặt mạnh, mặt yếu, đồng thời nó cũng giúp chogiáo viên dễ dàng nhận thấy lỗi sai của học sinh hơn là khi nói Hoạt động viếtlà một khâu rất quan trọng trong quá trình dạy và học Tiếng Anh Viết luận làmột phần không thể thiếu đối với học sinh chuyên Anh nói chung và học sinhđội tuyển học sinh giỏi quốc gia nói riêng vì trong các đề thi IELTS, hồ sơ đăngký du học và đặc biệt là đề thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia, viết luận là phần bắt buộcvà được đánh giá cao Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình học các em còn lúng túng, lẫnlộn, không biết mình phải viết kiểu gì, trình bày bài luận ra sao, dùng nhữngcấu trúc câu nào cho hợp lí, sắp xếp ý định viết thế nào, phản biện các ý kiến ởđầu bài ra sao.

5 Mục đích của giải pháp sáng kiến:

- Giúp học sinh biết cách vận dụng từ cấu trúc câu linh hoạt, mang tính

học thuật cao.

- Giúp học sinh biết cách sử dụng các cấu trúc ở từng phần trong bài luận- Rèn luyện cho học sinh có tính tư duy độc lập.

- Giúp học sinh nuôi dưỡng lòng yêu thích môn học, khắc phục tâm lí

sợ bài luận khi tham gia các kỳ thi học sinh giỏi các cấp.6 Nội dung:

a Thuyết minh giải pháp mới hoặc cải tiến

7.1.1 Giải pháp 1:

- Tên giải pháp: bài tập so sánh bài luận mẫu

- Nội dung: đưa cho học sinh chủ đề, học sinh động não viết ra các ý chính,

các từ vựng cần thiết cho bài viết Sau đó giáo viên phát cho học sinh 2 bài luận,một bài luận trình độ cơ bản và một bài luận trình độ nâng cao Học sinh cần phảiđọc để so sánh 2 bài mẫu và quyết định xem bài viết nào tốt hơn, đưa ra các lý docho lựa chọn của mình Giáo viên cung cấp nhiều bài mẫu theo các chủ đề khácnhau.

Các bước tiến hành thực hiện giải pháp: Giáo viên cung cấp các tiêu chíđánh giá bài viết, học sinh dựa vào đó để đánh giá các bài viết mẫu

Thông thường, học sinh không nắm được các tiêu chí cụ thể trong một bàiviết học thuật, đặc biệt là những bài viết được các tổ chức đánh giá năng lực tiếngAnh có uy tín trên thế giới như chuẩn IELTS hoặc TOEFL Do đó, việc cung cấpbản tham chiếu chuẩn về yêu cầu của một bài viết luận học thuật là rất cần thiết.Từ đó, học sinh sẽ xác định được trình độ, kĩ năng viết của mình đang ở đâu,mục tiêu cho bản thân, những gì cần phải đạt được trong bài viết của mình Nhậnbiết được tình trạng này, trước khi bắt tay vào hướng dẫn kĩ năng viết cho họcsinh, chúng tôi tiến hành giới thiệu, phân tích cho các em những tiêu chí nêutrong bảng/khung, đưa ra các ví dụ cụ thể là các bài viết thực của học sinh đạtcác mức điểm khác nhau, từ thấp lên cao, để các em hình dung dễ nhất Dướiđây là bảng minh họa khung điểm và tiêu chí cần đạt cho mỗi bài viết học thuậtluận essay tiếng Anh, sau đó là các bài viết mẫu (được trình bày dạng file ảnh(đây là những bài viết của học sinh mà chúng tôi sưu tập được ở các trình độ,qua các năm, làm tư liệu nghiên cứu và giảng dạy)

Mức điểm có thể đạt được về sử dụng từ vựng và cấu trúc ngữ pháp trong bài viết luận (khung IELTS)

9.0 Use a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticatedcontrol of lexical features, rare minor errors occur only as “slips”8.0 - Use a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to

convey precise meanings

- Skillfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocationProduce rare errors in spelling and/or word formation

7.0 - Use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

- Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation

- may produce occasional errors with word choice spelling and/ or word formation

6.0 - Use an adequate range of vocabulary for the task

- Attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracyMake some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication

5.0 - Use a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequatefor the task

- May make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation thatmay cause some difficulty for the reader

4.0 - Uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetively or which may be inappropriate for the task

- Has limited control of word formation and/or spelling, errors maycause strain for readers

3.0 - Uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of vocabulary formation and/or spellingErrors may severely distort the message

2.0 - Uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary, essentially no control of word formation and/or spelling

1.0 - Can only use a few isolated words0.0 - Does not attend

- Does not attempt the task in any wayWrite a totally memorized response

Sau khi học sinh đã nắm được các tiêu chí của bài viết theo yêu cầu (vớihọc sinh giỏi quốc gia, bài viết mà các em cần đạt tới thường là ở mức 7+, theochuẩn IELTS), chúng tôi tiến hành kiểm tra sơ bộ nhận thức của học sinh về vấnđề này bằng một loạt bài so sánh các bài luận mẫu viết về cùng một chủ đề Cácem học sinh sẽ đọc và tiến hành xác định bài nào là bài viết tốt hơn, và mỗi bàicó thể đạt được mức điểm nào.

Dạng bài 1: Opinion essays

Bài tập 1: Write about the following topic:

The Internet has dramatically altered our lives over the past fewdecades Although some of the changes have been negative, the overalleffect of this technology has been positive What are your opinions onthis?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from your own knowledge of experience.

Model answer A:

There are various different opinions on the subject of the Internet Whilesome people might suggest that it has negatively affected our lives and society, Ipersonally believe that it has actually made the world a much better place In myopinion, there are two main benefits to this technology.

Firstly, I am sure most people would agree that the Internet has improved the waywe communicate Although spending too much time using the Internet instead oftalking to real people can cause social isolation, most of us have benefited greatlyfrom e-mail and Internet chat programs like MSN Messenger Thse useful and

powerful communication tools have made it much faster, eaiser and cheaper tokeep in touch with family and friends in other countries and also to dointernational business)

In addition to this, the Internet provides us with all of the information in theworld at work, school and home In the past, research involved spending manyhours in the library Now, however, the same information is available online Ofcourse, not all of the material on the Internet is offensive and some of it isdangerous - there is everything from pornography to instructions on how to makebombs Nevertheless, I feel that this free movement and sharing of informationhas generally been beneficial.

To conclude, I once again restate my view that the Internet has had a positiveinfluence on modern life because its effects on both communication and the flowof information.

Model Answer B

The Internet has brought significant changes to our lives in recent years Yet,there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of thistechnology has been positive and negative While there are certainly validarguments to the contrary I personally believe that the benefits of the Internet faroverweigh its drawbacks These benefits are twofold.

First of all, it is indisputable fact that the Internet has revolutionized the waywe communicate Despite the risk of social isolation - a problem occasionallyseen in people who spend too much time at their computer terminal rather thanrelating to people in the real world most of us have benefited greatly from e-mailand internet chat programs like MSN Messenger These incredibly useful andpowerful tools of communication facilitate both contact with loved ones infaraway places and global trade.

Equally importantly, though, the Internet has placed the entire world (and all ofthe information) at our fingertips In earlier times, conducting research entailedlong hours searching library shelves Now, however, the same information can beaccessed at the click of a button Admittedly, not all of the information available

on the Internet is reliable or helpful – there is a vast amount of material onlinethat some would consider offensive or dangerous ranging from pornography toinstructions on how to make bombs Nonetheless, I would contend that this freeflow of information has generally been a very positive development.

By way of conclusion, I once again reaffirm my position that the Internet hashad a positive impact on modern life because of its influence on communicationand the flow of information.

Bài tập 2: Write about the following topic:

Fast food is now university in most countries and is becomingincreasingly popular Some feel that this is a positive trend, whileothers do not.

What are your opinions on this?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example fromyour knowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

It is sometimes argued that fast food consumption is on the increase almost allover the globe and it becomes extremely popular among people especiallyyoungsters While a group of people assert that this is a positive aspect in foodindustry, I believe that there are some negative impacts.

There are various reasons why I would argue that consuming fast food as a staplefood is harmful for the body Firstly, fast foods are not nutritious and healthy,they are full of fat and their nice flavor is just because of the spices that are usedin making them Secondly, eating junk foods have some detrimental effects onthe body's organism functionality and consequently the consumers would sufferdiseases such as stroke, heart attack and blood pressure and obesity in childrenwhich are debilitating in the future for the sufferer Finally, some traditionalfoods will be superseded by fast foods which will result in diminishing theculture and customs of societies To prove my claim, I can refer to an articlehaving been published in times magazine, indicates that in developed countriespeople are more interested in consuming fast foods instead of eating traditional

On the other hand, there have been a number of positive aspects in expansion offast foods in different nations Nowadays, people are always on the go and theydo not have enough time for a proper sit down meal, as a result fast foods are oneof the best choices for those who are always in hurry Furthermore, fast foodindustry opens doors to more job opportunities and it motivates governments andwealthy people to invest in this field which had an impressive impact on foodchain in recent years Moreover, Fast foods are usually cheaper than other kindsof foods such as steaks, pastas, fish and the like, so that could be a better choicefor tourists, collage students and business men.

In conclusion, although there are some benefits of consuming fast foods incountries, the negative impact outweighs the positive ones I believe the fast foodconsumption should be restricted and it is the only way to protect the nextgeneration from debilitating diseases.

Model answer B:

Nowadays, fast foods are increasingly consumed throughout the world This iscreating heated debates among the people supporting and opposing this trend.To my way of thinking, wide-spreading of fast foods is a negative trend as itharms our health and traditional foods.

On one hand, eating too much fast food might provoke many health problems.For example, obesity and stomach- related illnesses are very common where junkfood is over consumed Because fast food contains rich fat and other harmfulingredients that destroy our healthy eating Furthermore, because of their easypreparation and delicious taste more and more people prefer eating out ratherthan cooking home-made meals This is causing disappearance of culinary skillsand making people lazy That’s why it is considered by me as a negative aspect.On the other hand, it risks losing traditional culinary secrets which are passing onfrom generation to generation In the cities for instance, where fast foods arealready popular, it is really hard to find traditional food This example makes itclear how easily-prepared food is causing extinction of our valuable traditional.Therefore, for me, it is not good development.

In conclusion, even though fast foods are widely consuming around the world, itseems to me it is threatening our health and valuable traditional foods If thistendency spreads at high pace, someday in the future it will bring aboutunprecedented causes.

Xét theo tiêu chí chấm điểm, về độ dài, cả hai bài đạt mức yêu cầu cơ bản như nhau Nhưng xét chung các yêu cầu khác, bài A chỉ đạt điểm 5+, bài B đạt 7+

Bài tập 3: Write about the following topic:

International tourism is now more common than ever before Some feel that this is a positive trend, while others do not.

What are your opinions on this?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from yourknowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

International tourism has grown dramatically in recent years Although this trendhas brought many unresolved problems to host countries, I would argue that itsinfluence has been positive Two benefits associated with this trend are asfollows.

First of all, global tourism gives people, especially the ones in developingcountries, chances to travel without much trouble compared to the past.Travelling has always played a significant role in exchanging information andculture around the world It also help people widen their personal view and enrichtheir life experiences Admittedly, international tourism does worsen the localproblems such as prostitution or drug abuse However, with a stern internationallaw, people can prevent illegal activities or at least keep it in line And peoplewith an innocent intention can be allowed to depart their own voyage.

And equally importance, international tourism can bring the host countries a goodfortune Evidently, many countries have been given tremendous income from thetravel industry which bring the nations millions of dollars On the other hand, it

also links with several industries, especially the entertainment business and theyshare their mutual benefits together If a nation puts a stop to internationaltourism, it not only lose the tourism valuable profit, but also do lower thedevelopment of other industries, and harm its own image to other countries in theworld.

In conclusion, the challenges presented by the booming of international touristindustry are numerous and complex However, its advantages are hard to beignored and we can take our step to solve the many problems one by one.

Model answer B:

International tourism has had enormous growth and become widespreadthan ever before It is argued that this trend is positive while otherscondemn it negative I appreciate its benefits as well as recognize itsmalicious consequences, about which this paper will discuss.

Firstly, it is an undeniable truth that tourism helps economy thrive Everycountry has its own beautiful sites as well as historical monuments whichattract abundance of tourists Hence, it creates many jobs for localinhabitants such as vendors, retailers and service providers Therefore,various subsequent commodities and services are developed as an evidence ofprosperity Colossal profit is generated annually owing to tourism, thisprofit is especially vital to developing countries Secondly, tourismbrings opportunities for a country to integrate and introduce its pride inculture and history Corresponding with the world integration, this benefitproves essential.

But there is also the other side of the coin Along with thetourists, there comes a variety of bad phenomenon As an example,terrorism, which has been increasingly posing a global danger, sees it asa chance to threaten safety and security of people in travel hostingcountries Moreover, numerous smugglers and dishonest traders also use toursas a camouflage to perform illegal deeds more easily In addition,

playful activities of tourists like alcohol abuse may lead to conflictand violence But overall these evil results could be prevented andregulated by laws and rules.

To conclude my opinion, I affirm that the tourism’s positive sidesexceed its negative ones I believe if tourism is competently controlled by

governments, its advantages will have much greater beneficial effectson the world.

Xét theo tiêu chí chấm điểm, về độ dài, và hình thức, cả hai bài đạt mức yêu cầucơ bản như nhau Nhưng xét chung các yêu cầu khác, bài A chỉ đạt điểm 5+, bàiB đạt 7+ Học sinh có thể lưu ý được những điểm còn hạn chế ở bài viết A như:lỗi ngữ pháp, từ vựng; và đặc biệt là từ ngữ, cấu trúc được sử dụng ở mức cơ bản(basic) Trong khi đó, cách sử dụng từ vưng, cấu trúc, và cả cách diễn đạt ý trongbài B đã đạt trình độ cao hơn rất nhiều ( điểm 7+) khi bài viết đã dùng được cấutrúc linh hoat, từ vựng đạt mức advance Bài viết gọn gàng, khúc chiết.

Dạng bài 2: Agumentative essays

Bài tập 1: Write about the following topic:

Nowadays, more people are migrating to other countries than ever before Inorder to become intergrated into society in their adopted countries, immigrantsshould abandon their old ways and adapt to local customs and codes ofbehaviors.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from your knowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

Migration is a not a new phenomenon, but in the era of globalization there havebeen increasing number of people migrate to developed countries for manyreasons One of the hot topics is that whether people need to adapt and integratethemselves into their host societies Although there are valid arguments on the

contrary, but in my essay I will argue that it is the responsibility and beneficiaryof immigrants to adapt to the rules and cultures in the host country with followingreasons.

To begin with, it is very essential for newcomers to observe the law for the sakeof the social order in the adopted country regardless of the difference to the lawin their home down For instance, the traffic rules, we can imagine how muchchaos would be if people refuse to drive on the same side of the road Somefurther instance of practices which may be permitted in some countries butprohibited in others are gambling and the procession of firearms.

Secondly and equally important, In order to soon to merge into a new communityit is very crucial that new comers need to learn and respect the societal customand culture of their adopted country For instance, Learning native language isone of the key factors that enables people to communicate and interact with localinhabitants, and this will certainly accelerate the transition to the new country.People should positively think that it is not about giving up your old culture, butmaking the effort to learn something new and adapt yourselves into a newenvironment.

In conclusion, I restate my view is that new immigrants need to adapt andintegrate into their new country As it is my belief that a strong society is aharmonious society with shared values and goals, which eventually benefits bothindividuals and the country.

Model answer B:

These days, migration has become the major concern for many people worldwide More and more people tend to leave their home country migrating to aforeign one due to political, economical or religious reasons, and many of themsuffer to adapt to the new environment, but should they change their ways andmethods in order to fit in this new society? In my opinion, I disagree up to a pointbecause of the following reasons:

First, moving to another country should not erase your identity because you donot belong to there You should always be proud of wherever you are and pickthe things that fit your culture and beliefs from new environment In other words,

for example, respecting the law, being friendly and cooperative In addition,people who change their identity because of migrating to another country willnot be respected by the people of their home.

it is very important to show the people of the where you migrated the differencesbetween your and their culture and that you will not replace your opinionsbecause of changing the place where you live because will make you feel likeyou are a There is a possibility that people will accept the difference and willhelp you to adapt the new atmosphere So if you changed your ways, it would belike you left them for no reason In my opinion, it is better to strive a little to saveyour culture.

Summing up, many people face the choice of migration those days and tend totake it, but I believe if they did, should not make them erase their identity orchange their ways you should only be brave enough to show the difference andpeople may accept it easily saving your ideas and being proud of your countrywill make you more respected and provide you with confidence and inner peaceyou should accept some changes, but only those changes which you are sure theyare right

Bài tập 2: Write about the following topic:

Men and women are different in terms of their characteristics and abilities For this reason, some jobs are better done by men and others by women.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from your knowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

It has been widely acknowledged that the number of working women increasedsignificantly over the last century, and they got involved in the different types ofworks This topic is in particular importance because the equality betweenwomen and men has become one of the most debated issues This essay willdiscuss whether both sexes suitable for whatever job or not.

On the one hand, the main reason why women and men can occupy the same typeof work is related to mental ability and intelligence There is no relation betweenindividual ability and gender For example, the most important part whensomeone applying for a job in most companies is the grade and the certificaterather than the gender Moreover, there are women who have become apoliceman, which is quite dangerous, and they are successful in their careers.On the other hand, there are some types of works which is not suitable for all.Jobs that require physical activity, for instance, are more likely to be filled bymen such as builder and army In contrast, women are quite emotional and theyhave which is called (caring nature), for this reason, they are more suitable to beemployed in nursing and caring In these instances, obviously, women and menhave different natural abilities.

In conclusion, this essay has looked at whether women and men should have thesame jobs or not It would seem that women and men are capable of having thesame type of careers, and individual ability is far important than the genderidentity Perhaps, with the development in the world, females can occupy moresensitive positions.

Model answer B:

People have different opinions about whether women and men could fit the sametype of work or not Some people argue that both genders have the samecapabilities, while others oppose this point of view This essay will discuss botharguments.

On the one hand, people who claim that both men and women could occupy thesame types works, based their idea on the fact that the world has changed, thesedays more and more women go outside to work, and this development hasapproved that women are able to perform jobs successfully For instance, manysensitive positions are occupied by women such as politics, teachers and doctors.According to this, it is clear that there is no any difference regarding the genderand the most significant factor is the individual abilities.

On the other hand, there are people who said that women and men cannot suit thesame type of employment Due to physical and natural differences, women are

not able to choose a career in the army, for example, because these types of jobsare quite difficult, and need a stronger body In contrast, some jobs are moresuitable for women such as nursing and caring, because they have what it iscalled caring nature.

In conclusion, this essay has looked at both views regarding the abilities to suitsin different types of works and gender It would seem that women and men arecapable of having the same type of careers and individual ability is far essentialthan gender choice.

Bài tập 3: Write about the following topic:

Smoking is a major cause of serious illness and death throughout the world today.In the interest of the public health, governments should ban cigarettes and other tobacco products.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from yourknowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

Millions of people around the world have enjoyed smoking as an avenue forseeking relaxation and pleasure However, smoking often triggers a wide array ofillnesses or even death It has been argued that in order to promote public health,government should totally disallow cigarettes and other tobacco products Icompletely agree with this view.

Firstly, smoking is detrimental to physical and mental health Apart frominducing short-term relaxation benefits, smoking causes many negativeconsequences Smokers tend to get sick more easily than non-smokers Based onthis conjecture, governments would incur a large amount of expenses forsubsidizing the failing health of smokers With a ban in place, the generalpopulation will get healthier and more productive at work.

Secondly, although I can understand why some people oppose the total ban ofcigarettes, I do not find those reasons satisfying For instance, some may argue

that the decision to smoke is a form of human right People should have the will to choose whether they want to smoke or not I find this view very selfishsince the health of many non- smokers are affected when they breath in the fumesof nicotine unintentionally Furthermore, from the monetary viewpoint, somewould argue that government could lose tax revenue from the sales of smokingrelated products Again, this is myopic since government could actually savesmoney in the long-term due to lesser expenditure for healthcare subsidies.

free-In my opinion, the benefits of banning smoking outweigh the costs For thisreason, government should consider the necessary laws to bring this into effects.

Model answer B:

Since early in the present century, the detrimental effects of cigarettes and othertobacco products on health has received considerable attention There is a widelyheld view that governments should ban cigarettes and other tobacco products forthe sake of protecting public health While there still remain some validarguments to the contrary, it is my personal view that cigarettes and tobaccoshould be made illegal.

First of all, it is an indisputable fact that not only does smoking affect negativelyon the person smoking but it also has adverse impact on people surrounding Onindividual scale, cigarettes and other tobacco products are high in nicotin andharmful chemical substances that are responsible for countless ailments and evendeath Moreover, although I certainly agree that smoking can stimulate goodmood and excitement, its cost and negative effects on health in the long run aresignificant In other words, while smoking is beneficial in the long term, its longterm effect are generally negative Therefore, laws prohibiting smoking would beentirely justified.

Further and even more importantly, people spend a great deal of money oncigarettes and other tobacco products per anum, which is really harmful to thehost economy It is estimated that it costs about 2 dollars to buy a pack ofcigarettes and each adult consume approximately 2 packs every day What ismore is that it is prohibitively expensive to cure smoking- related ailments Itcosts national budget millions of dollar yearly It either costs smokers time and

money to heal their illness or interrupt manufacturing because of the lack ofhealthy labor.

By way of conclusion, I once again affirm my position that government shouldtake the responsibility of controlling the trade and consume of cigarettes andother tobacco products for the sake of the shared benefit of society In years tocome, I believe that public education in terms of danger potential of smoking andlaws banning consuming cigarettes and tobacco goods should be warranted.

Bài tập 4: Write about the following topic:

Trying to save endangered animal species from extinction is a waste of valuable resources.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from your knowledge or experience.

Model answer A:

Over the past few decades, endangered animals protection has never failed todraw public attention in many countries around the world Some people believethat these species are worst to protecting because of wasting resources; Icompletely disagree with this point of view.

Firstly, it is indispensable that animals play an important role on maintainingbalance of nature Ecosystems are delicate arrangements where plants andanimals all depend on each other for survival The disappearance or introductionof any species have brought with it such problems and negative impacts uponothers like breaking food chain and alternating natural habitat where they live in.These changes would disrupt the balance of nature, which frequently return tohaunt us in unexpected way For example, the rabbits introduced in Australiasoon after the European settlement now compete with native species for food anddestroy a vast amount of farmer’s crops, or the extinction of predator could leadto serious plagues by incredibly growth in population of their prey.

Besides, it is absurd to argue that preserving endangered animals is waste of

valuable resources In fact, protecting animal’s natural habitats ensures theirsurvival, and almost scientists agree that these habitats are also crucial for humanlife Rainforests, for example, produce oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide andstabilize Earth’s climate If we destroyed these areas, the costs of managing theresulting changes would far outweigh the costs of conservation Therefore, bysaving animals habitats can human maintain the natural balance of all life onEarth.

In conclusion, apart from aforementioned reasons above, I reaffirm thatprotecting endangered species is necessary and we should try our best to do this.

Model answer B:

The issue of whether or not we should strive to protect wild species on the vergeof extinction is definitely controversial In spite of many arguments of somepeople that people will squander various resources for no useful purpose whensaving wildlife, it is my personal belief that we should take initiatives to preservethem for the sake of ourselves.

First of all, it is undeniable that animal species have played a vital role inmaintaining the balance of the ecosystem A natural environment is a place wherenumerous plants and animals depend on each other for existence Thedisappearance of any species might have a negative impact on the whole floraand fauna It may result in breaking the food chain and altering the habitat wherepeople also dwell in For example, many wild animals kill rats and protectfarmers’ crops from being destroyed by those harmful preys The extinction ofpredator animals might allow rats to reproduce uncontrollably and even lead tooutbreaks of plague.

Another justification is that all the plants and living creatures have incalculableintrinsic value Even if endangered species do not have any practical use, theyshould be preserved nevertheless The reason is that the destruction of forestcaused by humans has recently posed a threat to natural inhabitants Our severedamage to the environment has resulted in a reduction in the number of rarespecies all over the world Thus, we should make every possible effort tocompensate for the risks suffered by animals on the brink of disappearance.

In conclusion, I firmly hold the view that it would be human responsibilities toprotect natural animals from dying out due to their benefits to the globalenvironment.

Dạng bài 3: Dạng bài: Discussive essays (Cause and effects/and solutions)

Bài tập 1: Write about the following topic:

These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city.

Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation (migration from the country to the city), and suggest some ways on which this trend could be reserved.

Model answer A:

The world has never witnessed such a great influx of population in cities fromrural areas that it did in the last decade Cities are already over-populated,polluted and cramped with an overwhelming number of people Onlydecentralisation and mandatory relocation can reverse the scenario.

To begin with, only 20 percent of the world population lived in cities at thebeginning of the 20th century while this has already escalated to over 80% Thisover-population in cities increases the crime rate, contribute to environmentalpollution, decline the life- standard, increase competition and make healthy livinga dream The traffic congestion is a direct result of rural depopulation andhousing problem in cities are getting worse day by day According to a recentstudy, the lifestyle of cities is declining faster with the dramatic increase of itspopulation.

To stop people from moving to metropolitan areas the government has to adoptdecentralisation policy If enough facilities and employment opportunities arecreated in the rural areas, people would not move to cities, at least this could behoped The underlying reason people move to a big city is to have a better joband better facilities To reverse the trend the government has to start big projectsto empower the rural people and forcibly move many factories and facilities tonearby countrysides Education, treatment and entertainment facilities in cities

attract many rural people and the only way to stop this influx of people is to addthose facilities to countrysides.

In conclusion, cities become less suitable for living with the inflow of ruralpeople who come to have a better life but eventually face more problems.Decentralisation could be a very effective solution to shift this concerning trend.

Model answer B:

Ever increasing migration from rural areas to cities has grabbed attentions of theauthorities and this is a serious concern in some countries This essay willconnote the over-population of metropolises as one of the profound impacts ofthis phenomenon and will submit the facilitating, specifically entertainment andemployment, as a solution to reverse it.

Undoubtedly, an escalating number of city-dwellers, particularly in mega cities isgoing to become a major challenge for the municipalities and state authorities,which could considerably stem from depopulation of rural areas As a case inpoint, a vast number of the country residents have immigrated to Tehran in recentyears Because of this, Tehran has become well-pronounced as one of the mostpopulous capitals in the globe, with which it has confronted a diversity ofstumbling blocks concerning urban management It seems that urban livingattractions can be the root reason behind this issue.

It is obvious that straightening out the problem of rural depopulation would notbe practically simple Yet, governments' investing in facilitating rural areas byrecreation facilities and creating more job opportunities could be somehow aneffective action in terms of persuading rustic people to stay in their places ratherthan experiencing an unclear future in big cities To illustrate, some way-outcities in Europe have implemented loads of projects concerning installing somerecreation centres near the countries, which have notably appealed the ruralpeople By this way, it has been possible to control the migration to cities.Besides, many rural people migrate to cities for better jobs, treatments oreducation Establishing quality schools, healthcare centres and creating moreemployment facilities could effectively reduce the number of people migrate tocities from rural areas each year.

By way of conclusion, it can be mentioned that a prudent but not the onlysolution to overcome the issue of increasing migration to cities is the providingattention-grabbing resorts for them in near places, establishing more hospitals andschools and creating more job scopes, which will lead rural people to remain incountrysides.

Bài tập 2: Write about the following topic:

With divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today are not as close as they used to be.

Discuss the causes of this problem and offer some possible solutions to it.

Model Answer A:

Lack of communication and closeness between family members is a vitallyimportant issue in many societies today In this essay, I will firstly discuss of thisproblem and then offer some possible solutions to it.

In my view, the primary cause of this problem is the modern lifestyle Mostparents today work much harder than ever before In the past, one parent - usuallythe mother - stayed at home to take care of the children In recent times, however,it has become increasingly common for both parents to work As a result, moreand more children now

grow up with neither parent at home It is unsurprising, then, that families are nolonger as close as they once were One other factor adding to this problem is thatpeople today spend too much time on solitary activities like watching television.In order to overcome this problem and make families closer, people's lifestylemust change I feel more parents should stay at home and take care their children.Perhaps government could subsidize parents who choose to look after theirfamilies rather than working Of course, these subsidize would probably not fullycover the income a family would reduce the financial pain of surviving on oneincome and afford to do so Another positive step would be to promote activepastimes through public education programs.

To conclude, while it is improbable that any solution will be found in the near

future, I feel that that the abovementioned measures would be a good first step.

Model Answer B:

There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not the relationship betweenfamily members is as close as before Diverse contributing factors can beidentified In the following, I would like to present my point of view.

Great changes have taken place in family life along with the development ofsociety One of them is that the once-extended family tends to become smallerand smaller Many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study orwork elsewhere As time passes, children become emotionally estranged fromtheir parents.

Compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce.People are urged to concentrate their efforts on their works so that they canachieve success or at least a good standard of living As a result, they can’t affordto spend their leisure hours with their families The importance of bonds ofkinship is gradually fading from their minds.

In addition, the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also divertspeople from enjoying chats with the members of their families Their free time ismostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games.They come to lose interest in communicating with the other members of theirfamilies In view of such alienation within families, urgent steps must be taken, inmy opinion For members of families who live away from one another, regularcontact on the phone can bring them

the care that they need Family reunions on holidays or other important occasionscan make a difference as well For those living together, it is a good idea to takesome time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other.In the final analysis, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as longas we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and we attach importance toit.

Bài tập 3: Write about the following topic:

Many people believe that educational standards have declined in recent times,

particularly in the areas of literacy and numeracy.

Discuss the causes of this problem and offer some possible solutions to it.

Model Answer A:

It is widely acknowledged that standards in reading and math have declined innumerous countries for the past few decades The purpose of this essay is toexplore the possible causes and to formulate suitable approaches to tackle thiscritical situation.

Literacy is the ability to speak, write, read and listen in a way that allows peopleto communicate effectively and to make sense of the world around us; whilenumeracy is being capable of thinking logically, reasonably and able to usemathematics to meet the demands of everyday life It is somewhat interesting thatacademic standards began to diminish around the time of the technology boom,with increasingly more automatized machines and gadgets to make life "easier".Perhaps it got a little bit too easy Instant messaging allows quick communicationand is relatively easy to use; however, it also prompted the usage of chattingacronyms On efficacious solution to this problem is encouraging students to reada variety of text from various sources-newspapers, magazines, novels, recipesetc , instead of only from the internet, this will boost their spelling and readingabilities.

Another factor is simply that the education system has been modified for thepurpose of generating more "rounded" students; therefore, music, arts, and gymare equally essential as reading and Math Despite the good intentions, in order tomake room for other subjects, literacy and mathematics hours and standardshave been reduced An effective approach is to adapt school curricula from othercountries that have higher literacy and numeracy levels into our local studyprograms.

To conclude, literacy and numeracy skills are intertwined with our daily lives,therefore it is of the utmost importance to maintain a certain level of standards

Model Answer B:

It is an irrefutable fact that the past few years have witnessed the considerable

decline in educational standards especially in the extent of literacy and numeracy.In this essay, I intend to discuss the causes and how to tackle this vital problem.Chief among the causes of this problem is that many schools and principals desireto get the rewards from the Ministry of Education resulting in giving studentsextremely high achievements rather than their "real" scores As a consequence,parents will indulge in the illusion about the result of their children and take thewrong method to cherish them Another contributing factor is that a large numberof subjects make students suffer from a huge amount of pressure Hence, studentscould not obtain any knowledge and just deal with results by learning by heartbut do not work out anything.

In order to resolve the problems, it is essential to raise parent's awareness of theconsequences of "artificial" marks and detect the potentials of the children to leadthem to the successful pathway Moreover, strict regulations should be enacted tomaintain a sense of balance to the education field, transform the negativeperspective of almost people about the study.

To conclude, it is complicated to completely solve this obstacle in short term butit needs a lot of people's enthusiastic attitude to tackle it as fast as possible.

Bài tập 4: Some peole believe that pop stars deserve to earn moremoney than performers of classical music Others disagree Discuss bothviews and give your opinions

Model answer A:

The pop-versus-classical debate is one that many music fans are no strangerto For some, pop stars deserve more financial rewards than their classically-trained counterparts do, but others disagree Before my personal opinion could bedelivered, it would be essential to analyze both perspectives in question

To back the view that pop musicians should earn more, their supporters citethese stars’ commercial potential In layman’s terms, pop artists could secure vastamounts of money for the labels than classical performers could Because of theircarefully-constructed image and the easy-listening nature of their genre , popstars captivate their admirers and turn audience figures into profit Taylor Swift

and Ed Sheeran, who are among the most recognizable names in the musicalindustry, have been able to amass fortunes thanks to their record – shatteringperformances With this knowledge, it should not be surprising to see why popstars deserve to be recognized for their profitability more than musicians fromother genres, and not just classical performers, do

On the other hand, classical music artists should , at least according to theirenthusiasts, be the more financially – favored party, owing to the multifacetedeffort required to produce one To embrace their training is taxing on the classicalplayers, not least because they cover the cost of their instruments by themselves.An entry level clarinet, for example, may set its owner back upwards of 500dollars, which is by no means an insignificant sum, and then a clarinet forprofessional performances costs several times that amount Furthermore, classicalmusicians practically spend their whole careers perfecting their craft, whilekeeping up performances to make their living, actions that undoubtedly takephysical and mental tolls on the artist This stands in stark contrast to pop stars,who, even past their prime, can still maintain a stream of income thanks toroyalty It could, therefore, be understood that some would prefer classicalperformers to earn as much if not more than, pop stars

In my opinion, while either view could be reasonably comprehended, the statusquo should be left to the market to decide Little effort by authorities should beasked to rectify any grievance that may arise, lest such attempt appears ham –handed and indiscriminate.

Model answer B:

Some individuals opine that celebrities performing pop music should be paidhigher salary in comparison to those majoring in classical music, while others arenot in consummate accord with the aforementioned idea This essay would delveinto discussing the two perspectives as well as stating my support for the formerone.

It is reasonable for classical music performers to earn more money due to theirhuge effort in mastering instruments and traditional values that they preserve.Chief among these is that those who pursue traditional music has spent a plethora

of time and attempt to be adept at using instruments and the specific style of eachcategory of classical music Obviously, traditional music requires not onlythorough understanding of its nature but also the talent as well as constantpractice to deliver the best piece of music enjoyed by the public Concerning thesecond viewpoint, classical music plays a paramount importance in preservingtraditional values of a country It is true that the more money artists performingclassical music can earn, the more possible that they would not change jobs As aresult, there are chances that future generations can still enjoy one of somemasterpieces in music field.

Nevertheless, I strongly believe that more financial means should be paid for popcelebrities due to their short-term contribution and great attempt in maintainingpositive images With regard to the former, the majority of pop stars have to facethe challenge of a short-lived career since the entertainment industry is constantlychanging Consequently, for around one or two decades of contribution, most ofthose well-known artists would be replaced by other more talent and dynamicones Another point is that performers of pop music always trying to set goodexamples especially when presenting in public Since they aware of theirsignificant impact on people, particularly teenagers, great effort in creating andmaintaining favourable figure has been made by these individuals Therefore, it islogical that stars performing pop music should earn more money.

In conclusion, although artists of classical music have to make great attempt inmastering their skills and retaining traditional value, I suppose that popperformners should be paid with higher salary due to their contribution in a shortperiod of time and their responsibility maintain positive images.

Bài tập 5

Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, whileothers think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity Discussboth views and give your own opinion.

Model answer A

Although some argue that governments should outright outlaw dangerous sports,others insist that individuals should be free to participate in any activities they

desire Both views have valid points, but I believe the latter opinion is moreconvincing as a total banning of such sports would violate individual's rights andliberties.

Those who advocate for banning dangerous sports argue that these activities putindividuals and others at risk of severe injury or even death For instance,extreme sports such as skydiving, bungee jumping and base jumping involve asignificant risk, where accidents often occur In some cases, the injuries sustainedfrom such accidents can be life-threatening to both participants and bystanders.The government would be considered unreliable if it allowed complete freedomconcerning any danger for these activities For this reason, governments shouldbe granted the authority to these activities to a certain degree, both for thepublic's safety and as a demonstration of their

On the other hand, proponents of total freedom regarding dangerous activitiesargue that individuals should have the right to engage in sports they enjoy Manypeople find participating in extreme sports an exhilarating experience that givesthem a sense of accomplishment and pushes them to their limits Banning theseactivities would deprive individuals of the opportunity to engage in activities theyare passionate about Therefore, I believe there should be only mild regulations inextreme cases where the activity may also affect bystanders, such as prohibitingspectators from standing too close to racing tracks.

In conclusion, although governments must safeguard their citizens, people alsohave the right to pursue their interests without interference from the state Thus,moderate restrictions are appropriate, but a complete prohibition on extremesports is unreasonable

Model answer B

It is true that there is widespread concern over the practice of extreme sports, tothe extent that some people argue that they should be outlawed by governmentlegislation.While nobody should underestimate the risks, I would argue thatpeople should be free to practice such sports if they so wish.

On the one hand, critics of dangerous sports give strong reasons whygovernments should impose an official ban on such activities Firstly, they argue

that such a measure is necessary on safety grounds There have been numerousincidents where members of rescue services have had to put their own lives atrisk to save extreme sports enthusiasts who are in life-threatening situations.Secondly, it is necessary at times to infringe on personal freedoms becausepeople who lack the necessary experience or who are not in the peak of physicalcondition sometimes take up dangerous sports Such irresponsible behaviour canonly be prevented by banning these sports.

On the other hand, I concur with those who argue that people should be free to doextreme sports, although I believe it is necessary for individualsto abide by thesafety rules One reason is that the imposition of sensible safety measures hasbeen proven to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries For example, allsports which carry a significant element of danger, such as scuba diving orparagliding should be supervised by an experienced and professionally qualifiedinstructor Another factor is that there is now a range of essential sports gear toprotect those who practice dangerous sports Such equipment ranges from safetyropes and helmets to water-resistant clothing.

In conclusion, it seems to me that dangerous sports should be permitted, althoughthose who take part have a responsibilty to adhere to the recommended safetyprocedures.

- Kết quả khi thực hiện giải pháp: học sinh xác định được đâu là bài viết tốt

và đâu là bài viết cần cải thiện Khi học sinh có thể tự đánh giá được các bài viếtkhác thì cũng sẽ tự đánh giá được bài viết của chính mình.

7.1.2.Giải pháp 2:

- Tên giải pháp: bài tập phân cấp từ vựng

- Nội dung: Học sinh tìm kiếm từ vựng theo chủ đề sau đó phân loại từ

vựng theo cấp độ

- Các bước tiến hành thực hiện giải pháp: Giáo viên đưa ra các chủ đề

cho học sinh suy nghĩ, viết bất kỳ từ vựng nào có liên quan đến chủ đề và cáccụm từ đồng nghĩa Sau đó cả đội chia sẻ, phân loại từ vựng theo 3 mức: cơ bản,trung cấp và nâng cao

Bài tập 1: Cho học sinh các từ theo chủ đề Fast food Học sinh phân loạitheo các cấp độ từ vựng: basic, intermediate, advanced

cause, (be) incredibly high in fat, ailment, illness, harmful, serious healthproblem, major health problem, harmful, too much, in later life, affordable,(be) responsible for, result in, although, in addition to this, further and evenmore importantly

Sản phẩm học sinh đã phân loại từ vựng theo cấp độ

result in

firstlyFirst of all

(be) incredibly high in fat/ contain a great deal of fat