Essential grammar in use 2nd edition by r murphy book

cuốn sách bao gồm các chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng anh da dạng bao gồm nhieuè casp đô từ dễ đến khó.cuốn sách bao gồm các chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng anh da dạng bao gồm nhieuè casp đô từ dễ đến khó

a CAMBRIDGE l-out

elementary students of English

3 Lam doing (present continuous)

4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)

5 I do/work/like etc (present simple)

I don’t (present simple negative)

Do you ? (present simple questions)

Iam doing and I do (present continuous and present simple)

Ihave / P’ve got

was/were

worked/got/went etc (past simple)

Ididn’t Did you ? (past simple negative and questions)

I was doing (past continuous)

I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)

I have done (present perfect 1)

I’ve just Ivealready Ihaven’t yet (present perfect 2) Have you ever ? (present perfect 3)

How long have you ? (present perfect 4)

for since ago

I have done (present perfect) and I did (past simple)

isdone was done (passive 1)

is being done has been done (passive 2)

be/have/do in present and past tenses

Regular and irregular verbs

can and could

must mustn’t needn’t

should

Ihave to

Would you like .? I'd like

thereis there are

there was/were there has/have been there will be

TẾ số

lam I don’t etc

Have you? Are you? Don’t you? etc

too/either so amI/ neither do I etc

isn’t haven’t don’t etc (negatives)

isit ? have you ? do they ? etc (questions 1) Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2)

Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3)

What .?2 Which ? How ?

How long does it take ?

Do you know where .? I don’t know what etc

She said that He told me that

work/working go/going do/doing

to (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)

I want you to I told you to

I went to the shop to

goto goon go for go -ing

flower(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)

a car / some money (countable/uncountable 1)

a car / some money (countable/uncountable 2)

a/an and the

the

go to work / go home / go to the cinema

llike music | hate exams

the (names of places)

this/that/these/those

one/ones

some and any

not + any no none

not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no-one/nothing somebody/anything/nowhere etc

every and all

all most some any no/none

both either neither

alot much many

(a) little (a) few

old/nice/interesting etc (adjectives)

quickly/badly/suddenly etc (adverbs)

old/older expensive / more expensive

older than | more expensive than

not as as

the oldest the most expensive

enough

too

He speaks English very well (word order 1)

always/usually/often etc (word order 2)

still yet already

Give me that book! _ Give it to me!

at 8 o’clock on Monday in April

from to until since for

before after during while

in at on (places 1)

in at on (places 2)

to in at (places 3)

under behind opposite etc (prepositions)

up over through etc (prepositions)

on at by with about (prepositions)

afraid of good at etc _ preposition +’-ing (good at -ing etc.) listen to look at etc (verb + preposition)

goin falloff run away etc (phrasal verbs 1)

put on yourshoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)

and but or so because

When

Ifwe go Ifyou see etc

Iflhad Ifwe went etc

aperson who a thing that/which (relative clauses 1)

the people we met ‘the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)

Appendices

Appendix 1 Active and passive 239

Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 240

Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 241

Appendix 4 Short forms (he’s / I'd / don’t etc.) 242

Appendix 5 Spelling 244

Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.) 246

Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (fill in a form / put out a fire etc.) 247 Additional exercises 248

Key to Exercises 265

Key to Additional exercises 293;

Index 296

[6]

This is a grammar book for elementary students of English There are 114 units in

the book and each unit is about a different point of English grammar There is a list

of units at the beginning of the book (Contents)

Do not study all the units in order from beginning to end It is better to choose the

units that you need to do For example, if you have a problem with the present

perfect (I have been, he has done etc.), use the Index (at the back of the book) to find

the unit (or units) you need to study (Units 15-20 for the present perfect)

Each unit is two pages The information is on the left-hand page and the exercises

are on the right:

Exercises (right)

You can use the book in this way:

1 Look in the Contents and/or Index to find the unit that you need

2 Study the left-hand page (information)

3 Do the exercises on the right-hand page

4 Use the Key to check your answers

5 Study the left-hand page again if necessary

Dont forget the seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 239-247) These

will give you information about active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short

forms, spelling and phrasal verbs,

There are also Additional exercises at the back of the book (pages 248-264) There is

alist of these exercises on page 248

To the teacher

The most important features of this book are:

© It is a grammar book It deals only with grammar and is not a general course book

© Itis a book for elementary learners It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taught at elementary level

© It combines reference and exercises in one volume

@ It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material

Organisation of the hook

There are 114 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of

grammar The material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s) The book should not be worked through from beginning to end The units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end of the book

~ Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages The grammar point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right, There are seven Appendices (pages 239-247) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs It might be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these This new edition of Essential Grammar in Use also contains a set of Additional exercises (pages 248-264) These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing

together grammar points from a number of different units (mainly those

concerning verb forms) There are 33 exercises in this section and there is a full list

on page 248

Finally, there is a Key at the back of the book (pages 265-295) for students to check their answers An edition without the Key is also available for teachers who would prefer their students to use this

The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level

Using the book

The book can be used by students working alone (see 6 the student) or as

supplementary course material In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book

[8]

‘When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate

consolidation or for later revision or remedial work It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice

In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and

explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been written for

individual study and reference In most cases, it would probably be better for the teacher to present the grammar point in his/her preferred way with the exercises being done for homework, The left-hand page is then available for later reference

Changes from the first edition

The main changes from the first edition are:

@ There are six new units:

Unit l6 present perfect + just/already /yet Unit 22 passive (is being done / has been done) Unit 25 Tused to

Unit 56 do and make Unit 57 have

Unit 112 ifIhad / if we went etc

There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (Appendix 1)

@ Some of the material has been revised and reorganised For example, the

content of Units 99-100 (in/at/on) in the new edition corresponds to Unit 94 and part of Unit 96 in the old edition

® Some units have been redesigned, for example Unit 41 (originally 39) and Unit 54 (originally 52),

@ Some of the units have been reordered and (after Unit 8) nearly all units have

a different number from the original edition A few units have been moved to different parts of the book For example, Unit 50 (work/working etc.) was originally Unit 34

@ Many of the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many of the examples changed In a few cases there are significant changes to the content, for example Unit 51 (originally 47), Unit 73 (originally 68) and Unit 82 (originally 77)

@ Many of the original exercises have been modified or completely replaced

with new exercises (for example, Units 4 and 5)

@ There is a new section of Additional exercises at the back of the book (see

Organisation of the book above)

Thanks

For their help in producing this new edition of Essential Grammar in Use, I would like to thank Jeanne McCarten, Néirin Burke, Liz Driscoll, Chris Hamilton-Emery, Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, Pam Murphy, Ruth Carim and Lelio Pallini

Drawings by Richard Deverell, Richard Eckford, Sue Hillwood-Harris and

Amanda MacPhail

Book design by Peter Ducker MSTD

am/is/are

I’m American I’m from Chicago Fe My favourite colour is blue

> NBO

a) )J “AX J mẽ an football and swimming

My father is a doctor and my = ‘ mother is a journalist ay T’m interested in art

I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)

he (he’s) he (he’s not or he isn’t) she } is (she’s) she }is not (she’snot or she isn’t)

it (it’s) it (it’s not or it isn’t)

we (we're) we 1 (we re not or wc aren”f) you | are (you re) you ‘are not (yourenot or you aren’t)

they (they’re) they J (they’re not or they aren’t)

e1’m cold Can you close the window, please?

@ I’m 32 years old, My sister is 29

@ My brother is very tall He’s a policeman

@ John is afraid of dogs +: — Sense

@ It’s ten o’clock You’re late again

e Ann and I are good friends

e Your keys are on the table

e@1’m tired but I’m not hungry

e Tom isn’t interested in politics He’s interested in music

Jane isn’t at home at the moment She’s at work

@ Those people aren’t English They’re Australian

e It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm

C that’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is

e Thank you That’s very kind of you

e@Look! There’s Chris

e‘Here’s your key’ ‘Thank you’

[10] am/is/are (questions) => there is/are=> [[TEG) a/an =>

Put in am, is or are

1 The weather '6 nice today 5 Look! There Carol

ĐT not tired 6 My brother and I good tennis players

3 This bag heavy 7 Ann uu at home Her children at school

4 These bags heavy Srl „taxi driver My sister a nurse

Write full sentences, Use is/isn’t/are/aren’t

1 (your shoes very dirty) Your shoes are very et nee ceown

2 (my brother a teacher) My :

3 (this house not very big)

4 (the shops not open today)

5 (my keys in my bag)

6 (Jenny 18 years old)

7 (you not very tall)

3 (age?) fea oe eta 7 (interested in 2)

4 (job?) I : Tee Pe ee See rec

5 (married?) I

[ile] Mee Ahan otters ol the Same

Write sentences for the pictures Use: afraid angry cold hot hungry et MOY 4erkit9 “ko

Write true sentences, positive or nega Use am /am not/is/isn’t/are /aren’t

ted (OR I’m not interested) in politics

(I / interested in politics)

(it / warm today) It eee

(I/ afraid of dogs)

(my hands / cold)

(Canada / a very big na,

she >it is} she? TE:

` i i ie No, I'm single âe))

How old are you?

you are are { you? Ga

e‘Am I late? ‘No, you’re on time

e ‘Is your mother at home?’ ‘No, she’s out?

e ‘Are your parents at home?’ ‘No, they’re out

@ Is it coldin your room?’ Yes, a little”

e Your shoes are nice Are they new?

‘We say:

e Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (not ‘Is at home your mother?’)

e Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not ‘Are new your shoes?’)

® Where is your mother? Is she at home? @ ‘Where are you from?’ ‘Canada’

@ ‘What colour is your car?’ ‘It’s red’ ‘How old is Joe?” ‘He's 24’

@ How are your parents? Are they well? @ Why are you angry?

@ ‘How much are these postcards?’ ‘Fifty pence’

what’s = what is who’s = who is how’s = how is where’s = where is

® What the time? @ Who’s that man?

@ Where’s Jill? @How’s your father?

Ys ou are No you not or No, } you paren’t

they they’re they

@ ‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, I am.’

@ ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’m not but I’m thirsty Laas

e ‘Is your friend English?’ “Yes, he is.’ pellig oF VOR

@ ‘Are these your keys?’ ‘Yes, they are.”

@ ‘That’s my seat ‘No, it isn’t’

am/is/are => questions > what/which/how =>

Find the right answers for the questions

1 Where's the camera? A London

2 Is your car blue? B No, I’m not

3 Is Linda from London? C Yes, you are

4 Am late? D My sister

5 Where’s Ann from? E Black

6 What colour is your bag? F No, it’s black

7 Are you hungry? G In your bag

8 How is George? H No, she’s American

9 Who's that woman? I Very well

Make questions with these words Use is or are

1 (at home / your mother?)

2 (your parents / well?)

3 (interesting / your job?)

4 (the shops / open today?)

5 (interested in sport / you?)

6 (near here / the post office?)

7 (at school / your children?)

8 (why / you / late?)

Are your parents well?

Complete the questions Use What / Who / Where /How

your favourite sport?

the man in this photograph?

ee your new shoes?

NAVEEN

They're very well

At the end of the street

Five, six and ten,

No, I’m a lawyer

No, she’s a designer

She’s Italian, Anna

She’s 27

Write short answers (Yes, | am / No, he isn’t etc.)

1 Are you married? No Vm not,

2 Are you thirsty?

3 Is it cold today?

4 Are your hands cold?

a Đi Tý HE daTk HOVỆC lục (0,

6 Are you ateacher? 3

[13

| am doing (present continuous)

She’s eating It’s raining They’re running

She isn’t reading The sun isn’t shining They aren’t walking The present continuous is:

am/is/are + doing/eating/running/ writing etc

I am (not) -ing P?’'m working

he Chris is writing a letter

she is (not) -ing She isn’t eating (or She’s not eating.)

it The phone is ringing

we We're having dinner

you | are (not) -ing You’re not listening to me (or You aren’t .)

they The children are doing their homework

@ Please be quiet I’m working (= I’m working now)

@ Look at Sue! She’s wearing her new hat (= she is wearing it now)

@ The weather is nice at the moment It’s not raining

@ ‘Where are the children?” ‘They’re playing in the park’

® (on the phone) We’re having dinner now Can you phone again later?

e You can turn off the television I’m not watching it

Spelling (= Appendix 5):

come > coming write > writing dance > dancing run — running sit > sitting swim — swimming lie > lying

am/is/are => are you doing? (questions) => [JZ Tam doing and I do >

[H4 ‘What are you doing tomorrow? =>

UNIT

3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:

eat have lie play sit wait

for a bus 5 : Ề football mẽ eee,

3.2 Complete the sentences Use one of these verbs:

build cook go have stand stay swim work

1 Please be quiet [.’m, working

2 ‘Where's John?’ ‘He’s in the kitchen He nh c

5 We're here on holiday We soos at the Central Hotel

6 ‘Where’s Ann?’ ‘She các a shower

7 They 6 E100 S2 v ou a new theatre in the city centre at the moment

Giá mu, oe _ now Goodbye

3.3 Lookat the picture Write sentences about Jane Use She’s -ing or oe isn’t - in

een econ e (sit on the floor) She (read a book)

(play the piano) l (laugh)

1 (/ wash / my hair) ’ nok washing my hair

(it / snow) t's sy + vb snowing

(I/ sit / ona chair)

(I / eat)

(it / rain)

6 (I/ learn / English)

(I/ listen / to music)

(the sun / shine)

(I / wear / shoes) : Se eee a

10 ([/read/a newspaper) ‘ = TÔ

e ‘Are you feeling OK?’

e ‘Is it raining?’ “Yes, take an umbrella’

@ Why are you wearing a coat? It’s not cold

@ ‘What’s Paul doing?’

@ ‘What are the children doing?’

e Look, there’s Sally! Where’s she going?

“Yes, I’m fine, thank you’

“‘He’s reading the newspaper

“‘They’re watching television’

e@ Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?

Study the word order:

is/are + subject + -ing

ve yoo ae xa you’re not ør No, $ you ¿ arenlt

they they’re they

“No, they aren’t They're staying with me

Iam doing > ‘What are you doing tomorrow? > questions =>

“Yes, see you

LORLONTOW: (it/rain?) .] No,notat

Z

i : & 3 No, you can : : 2 131 00 nt

o> { turn it off, ee <> x NHANH

Look at the pictures and complete the questions Use one of these:

cry eat go laugh look at read

2-EML (Where

Write questions from these words Use is or are and put the words in order

(working / Paul / today?) !s Paul working today?

(what / doing / the children?) What, are te chi

(you / listening / to me?)

(where / going / your friends?)

(your parents / television / watching?)

(what / cooking / Ann?) :

(why / you / looking / at me?)

(Coming / ithe bus?) ret et Tố J7 eres

No, I’m not 4 Isitraiming? =

5 Are you sitting on the floor?

6 Are you feeling well? oc mad

1 Are you watching TV?

2 Are you wearing a watc

3 Are you eating something:

{17

[18]

| do/work/like etc (present simple)

They're looking at their books He’s eating an ice-cream

They read a lot He likes ice-cream

They read / he likes / I work etc = the present simple:

he works / she lives / it rains etc

® I work in a shop My brother works in a bank (not ‘My brother work’)

© Linda lives in London Her parents live in Scotland

@ It rains a lot in winter

I have > he/she/it has:

@ John has a shower every day

Spelling (= Appendix 5):

-es after -s /-sh /-ch: pass — passes finish — finishes watch — watches

-y >-ies: study > studies try — tries also: do — does go > goes

‘We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the time:

@ I like big cities

The shops open at 9 o’clock and close at 5.30

Tim works very hard He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o’clock in the evening The Earth goes round the Sun

We do a lot of different things in our free time

It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels

always/never/often/sometimes/usually + present simple

Sue always arrives at work early (not ‘Sue arrives always’)

® [usually go to work by car but sometimes I walk (not ‘I go usually’)

© Julia never eats breakfast,

@ Tom lives near us We often see him

Idon’t (negative) => [JIG] Do you ? (questions) = [I~ Lam doing and I do = [EY always/usually/often etc (word order) => [NEE

5.5

UNIT

Write these verbs + -s or -es

1 (read) she .reads ony) ee eee 5 (have) she

2 (think) he 4 (dance) he Neches 6 (finish) it

Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures Use these verbs:

eat go live play play sleep

1 He plays the piano 4 tennis

2 Tey avery big house, 5 2 cinema a lot 3) eesein Bene oe le eee alot of fruit 6 eight hours a night

Complete the sentences Use these verbs:

boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash

1 Margaret SPe@KS four languages

2 In Britain the banks usually at 9,30 in the morning

3 The City Museum at 5 o’clock in the evening

Tina isa teacher, She ana, mathematics to young children

My job is very interesting I » 4 lot of people

6 Pete: bis hair twice a week

7 Foodi Ta a lot of money

8 Shoes are expensive They a lot of money

9 WWater at 100 degre us

10 Julia and I are good friends I her and she san THỂ:

Write sentences from these words Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.)

(always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always arrives early

(basketball / 1 / play / often) I

(work / Margaret / hard / usually)

4 (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear)

5 (dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30)

6 (television / Tim / watch / never)

7 (like / chocolate / children / usually)

8 (Julia / parties / enjoy / always)

One

Write sentences about yourself Use always/never/often/sometimes/usually

(watch television) | never watch television / | usually watch television in the evening (etc.)

(read in bed) T

(get up before 7 o'clock) LST SE eee?

4 (go to work/school by bus) ee ‘ ae

5 (drink coffee)

ch ti

A The present simple negative is don’t/doesn’t + verb:

they | have they like

I works the do

sn’) it does has | (doesn’t) it

@ I drink coffee but I don’t drink tea

© Sue drinks tea but she doesn’t drink coffee

® You don’t work very hard

@ We don’t watch television very often

@ The weather is usually nice It doesn’t rain very often

@ Gerry and Linda don’t know many people

B Remember:

I/we/you/they don’t @ I don’t like football

he/she/it doesn’t @ He doesn’t like football

@ I don’t like Fred and Fred doesn’t like me (not ‘Fred don’t like’)

@ My car doesn’t use much petrol (not ‘My car don’t use’)

® Sometimes he is late but it doesn’t happen very often

6 We use don’t/doesn’t + infinitive (don’t like / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do etc.):

@ [ don’t like washing the car I don’t do it very often,

@ Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn’t speak Italian (not ‘doesn’t speaks’)

@ Bill doesn’t do his job very well (not ‘Bill doesn’t his job’)

@ Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast (not ‘doesn’t has’)

[20] I do/work/like etc (present simple) => [EY Do you ? (present simple questions) =>

Write the negative

1 [play the piano very well don’t play the piano very well

2 Jane plays the piano very well He : `

3 They know my phone number

4 We work very hard

5 He has a bath every day a 2 i

6 You do the same thing every day zs eee Besar `

Write about yourself Use: I never or | often or | don’t very often

watch TV) | don’t watch TV very 0

cost go know read see use wear

1 I buy a newspaper every day but sometimes I don't

2 Paul has a car but he ni it very often

3 They like films but they to the cinema very often

4 Amanda is married but sh " a ring

5 lộ sẻ Tố 700 Lò I’m not interested in it

6 It’s not an expensive hotel It # om Much to stay there

7 Brian lives near us but We ‘ him very often

Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative

1 Margaret Speaks four languages — English, French, German and Spanish (speak)

2 1.đọnÈ like my job It’s very boring (like)

3 ‘Where's Martin?’ ‘T’m sorry I i ? (know)

4 Sue is a very quiet person She ao Very much, (talk)

5 Jim a lot of tea It’s his favourite drink (drink)

6 It’s not true! [ it! (believe)

7 That's a very beautiful picture I it very much (like)

8 Mark is a vegetarian He meat (eat)

ot

A We use do/does in present simple questions:

they | have they like?

B Study the word order:

do/does + subject + infinitive

Do | you work | in the evening?

Do | your friends | live near here?

Does | Chris play tennis?

Where | do | your parents | live?

How often | do | you wash | your hair?

What | does | this word mean?

How much | does | it cost to fly to Rome?

Questions with always/usually/often:

Do | you | always | have | breakfast?

Does | Chris | often play | tennis?

What | do | you | usually | do at weekends?

What do you do? = What's your job?:

@ ‘What do you do?’ ‘I work ina bank

C Remember:

do I/we/you/they ® Do they like music?

does he/she/it © Does he like music?

® “Do you play tennis? ‘No, I don’t’

® ‘Do your parents speak English?’ “Yes, they do’

® ‘Does George work hard?’ “Yes, he does’

© ‘Does your sister live in London’ ‘No, she doesn’t’

[22] I do/work/like etc => I don’t (negative) => questions =>

1 Ilike chocolate And you?

2001p134ennis and vo CỐ 212/7 cố eseeee nn nee amen

3 Tom plays tennis And Ann?

4 You live near here And your friends?

5 You speak English And your brother?

6 Ido exercises every morning And you?

7 Sue often goes away And Paul?

8 I want to be famous And you?

9 You work hard And Linda?

Write questions Use the words in brackets ( ) + do/does Put the words in the right order,

1 (where / live / your parents?) Where do your parents live?

2 (you / early / always / get up?) Do you always get up early?

S (how often WV / you, watchs) g TT

4 (you / want / what / for dinner?) Gott eSeee Ny

5 (like / you / football?)

6 (your brother / like / football?) meer

7 (what / you / do / in the evenings?) : 310 5S Tiến

8 (yoursister/work/wWhere)

9 (co the cinema / often / you / go?)

10 (what / mean / this word?)

11 (often / snow / it / here?)

12 (go / usually / to bed / what tìme / you?)

13 (how much / to phone New York / it / cost?)

to work? Usually by bus

And your husband What ees 2s To He’s a teacher

What Mee Science

hisjob? | | Yes, he loves it

1 Do you watch TV a lot?

2 Do you live in a big city’

3 Do you often ride a bicycl

4 Does it rain a lot where you live? es ụ #9402 dãấ ma

5 Do you play the piano? cue teste tee TH Na: orate đc 52a n4

| am doing and I do (present continuous and present simple)

Jim is watching television

He is not playing the guitar

But Jim has a guitar

He often plays it and he plays very well

Jim plays the guitar

but he is not playing the guitar now

Is he playing the guitar? No, he isn’t (present continuous)

Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does (present simple)

B Present continuous (Lam doing) — now, at the time of speaking:

© Please be quiet ’m working (not ‘I work’)

@ Tom is having a shower at the moment (not “Tom has’)

@ Take an umbrella with you It’s raining

@ You can turn off the television I’m not watching it

© Why are you under the table? What are you doing?

C Present simple (I do) — in general, all the time or sometimes:

@1 work every day from 9 o’clock to 5.30

@ Tom has a shower every morning

@ It rains a lot in winter

@1 don’t watch television very often

@ What do you usually do at the weekend?

D We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):

Use the present simple only with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.):

I'm tired I want to go home (not ‘I’m wanting’)

@ ‘Do you know that girl?” ‘Yes, but | don’t remember her name’

@[ don’t understand, What do you mean?

[24] present continuous=> [fEET presentsimple > [IIREB present for the future—=> [TP

2 Isshe driving a bus?

What is she doing?

Does she drive a bus?

3 Does he clean windows? a Is he cleaning a window?

What is he doing? Scares

4 Are they teaching? ý Do they teach?

What do they do?

Put in am/is/are or do/don’t/does/doesn't

1 Excuse me, 42 you speak English?

2 ‘Where’s Ann?’ ‘T know

3 What’s funny? Why you laughing?

ASW hat acute your sister do?’ ‘She’s a dentist’

Slt raining I want to go out in the rain

© Wherer as YOU come frome’ ada?

7 How much it Cost to phone Canada?

8 George is a good tennis player but he play very often

Put the verb in the present continuous (1 am doing) or the present simple (1 do)

1 Excuse me Do you speak (you/speak) English?

2 'Wheres Tom? “4 haying (he/have) a shower

3 | don’t watch (I/not/watch) television very often

4 Listen! Somebody _ Ta,

5 Sandra is tired (she/want) to go home now

6 How often (you/read) a newspaper?

7 ‘Excuse me but se (you/sit) in my place’ ‘Oh, I’m sorry?

8 I’m sorry, (I/not/understand) Can you speak more slowly?

9) TS làte:Luy (0, /06ý: Tease lò: (1//PO)VHOITÌC HỢWM, (ke s66 06106 Deets

(you/come) with me?

10 What time pecan? ai atrtBs (your father / finish) work in the evenings?

11 You can turn off the radio (I/not/listen) to it

12 ‘Where’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen (he/cook) something?

13) Martin teem eee ne (not/usually/drive) to work He

ww (she/prefer) tea

Ihave / I’ve got

A Youcan say I have or I’ve got, he has or he’s got:

I IT (I’ve got)

acc oll Haveleoe kc we con

you you (you’ve got)

they they (they’ve got)

he he (he’s got) she | has OR she | has got | (she’s got)

® I’ve got blue eyes (or I have blue eyes.)

© Tim has got two sisters (or Tim has two sisters.)

© Our car has got four doors

© Diane isn’t feeling well She’s got a headache (she’s got = she has got)

® They like animals They’ve got a horse, three dogs and six cats,

B Ihaven’t got / have you got? etc

negative question short answers

we | have not have | ives), we have

you | (haven’t) you No, | you | haven't

they got they got? they

& has not hàn lê Yes, Ee has

it (hasn’t) ie No, if hasn’t

© I’ve got a motor-bike but I haven’t got a car

@ Mrand Mrs Harris haven’t got any children

® It’s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden

© ‘Have you got a camera?’ “No, I haven’t

@ ‘What have you got in your bag?’ ‘Nothing It’s empty?

@ ‘Has Ann gota car?’ “Yes, she has.’

@ What kind of car has she got?

C don’t have / do you have? etc,

In negatives and questions you can also use do/does :

@ They don’t have any children, (= They haven’t got any children.)

@ It’s a nice house but it doesn’t have a garden (= it hasn’t got a garden)

® Does Ann have a car? (= Has Ann got a car?)

©@ How much money do'you have? (= How much money have you got?)

had / didn’t have (past) => [TISNEPJ have breakfast / have a shower etc >

[26] some/any =

Write the short form (we’ve got / he hasn’t got etc.)

1 we have got We've got 3 theyhaWegot - 5 ithas got nn

2n h0 cố 4 she has not got ‘, 6 Thave not got

Write questions

(you / an umbrella?)

(you / a passport?)

(your father / a car?)

(Carol / many friends?)

(you / any brothers or sisters?)

(how much money / we?)

7 (what / kind of car / Julia?)

ens

œứă%

What has Tina got?

What have you got?

Look at the information

and write sentences

about Tina and

1 (a camera) ven't got)

2 (abicycle) Tina Beri Ee tt PPR cet

3 (long hair)

4 (brothers/siste

three dogs and two cats

“Where's my pen?’ ‘I don’t know I

Julia wants to go to the concert but she

3 Charles isn’t happy He ae a lot of problems

4 They don’t read much They Pe ae ttlany, DOOKSs

I’m not feeling very well

It’s a nice house but it

Most cars

Everybody likes Tom He

I’m going to the dentist this morning

He can’t open the door He

was/were

LAST, NIGHT

am/is (present) > was (past):

© Jam tired (now)

®@ Where is Ann? (now)

© The weather is good today

are (present) > were (past):

®@ You are late (now)

©@ They aren’t here (now)

I was tired last night

Where was Ann yesterday?

Now Robert is at work

At midnight last night he wasn’t at work

He was in bed

He was asleep

The weather was good last week

You were late yesterday

we we were not we?

you | were you | Greren’t) were | you?

® Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now

®@ We were hungry after the journey but we weren’t tired When I was a child, I was aftaid of dogs

® The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive

@ Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

® Those shoes are nice Were they expensive?

® Why were you late this morning?

© ‘Were you late?’

®@ ‘Was Ted at work yesterday?’

© ‘Were Sue and Steve at the party?’

‘No, I wasn’t

“Yes, he was

‘No, they weren’t

Iwas doing > [IEE

They weren’t here last Sunday

2 Carol and Jack sitter 5 ss accent

B Sie ys diaicenetiual sales 6 And you? I ae

Put in am/is/are (present) or was/were (past)

Last year she W4S., 22, so she 6 23 now

‘Today the weather nice, but yesterday it very cold

I hungry Can I have something to eat?

I feel fine this morning but 1 very tired last night

Where you at 11 0’clock last Friday morning?

Don’t buy those shoes They very expensive

Tlike your new jacket it expensive?

This time last yéar I in Paris

‘Where the children?’ ‘I don’t know They in the garden ten minutes ago’

CHOIYDHEONHE

Put in was/were or wasn’t/weren’t

We weren’t happy with the hotel Our room W4* very small and it wasn’t very clean

1

2 George sous at Work last week because he : ill He’s better now

3 Yesterday a public holiday so the shops closed They're open today

A inne Sue and Bill at the party?” ‘Sue there but Bill -

5 ‘Where are my keys?’ ‘I don’t know They on the table but they're not there now?

6 You at home last night Where you?

Write the questions Use the words in brackets ( ) in the correct order + was/were

1 | (late / you / this morning / why?)

Why were you Late this morning? —> The traffic was bad

2 | (difficult / your exam?)

—] No, it was easy

5 (last week 7 where / Ann and Chris?)

== fiiginasm idan been cae ‘They were on holiday

B0]

§

worked/got/went etc (past simple)

They watch television every evening

| (present simple) They watched television yesterday evening

(past simple) watched is the past simple:

The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs) For example:

work — worked clean — cleaned start — started

stay — stayed arrive — arrived dance > danced

@ I clean my teeth every morning This morning I cleaned my teeth

@ Terry worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993

® Yesterday it rained all morning It stopped at lunchtime

®@ We enjoyed the party last night We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people

The party finished at midnight

Spelling (= Appendix 5):

try > tried study — studied copy — copied

stop — stopped plan > planned

Some verbs are irregular (= not regular) The past simple is not -ed Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3):

begin > began fall — fell leave — left sell — sold

break broke find found lose lost sit sat

bring brought fly flew make made sleep slept build built forget forgot meet met speak spoke buy bought get got pay paid stand stood catch caught give gave put put take took come came go went read read /red/*} tell told

do did have had ring rang think thought drink drank hear heard say said win won

eat ate know knew see saw write wrote

* pronunciation

@ J usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30

© We did a lot of work yesterday

@ Caroline went to the cinema three times last week

@ Jim came into the room, took off his coat and sat down

was/were = [TET I didn’t / Did you ? (negative and questions) => ago =>

11.4

11.5

UNIT

Complete the sentences Use one of these verbs in the past simple:

clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want

I cleaned my teeth three times yesterday

1

2 It was hot in the room, $0 Ì the window

3 The concert at 7.30 and at 10 o’clock

4 When I was a child, I to be a doctor

5 The accident last Sunday afternoon

6 TW a nice day today but yesterday it cose all day,

7 We our holiday last year We ata very nice place

8 Ann’s grandfather when he was 90 years old

Write the past simple of these verbs

1 get 90 4 pay “` 10 know

Last Tuesday Lisa (1) flew from London to Madrid She (2) up fly, get

at six o’clock in the morning and (3) a cup of coffee At 6.30 have

she (4) home and (5) to the airport When she leave, drive

(6) , she (7) the car and then (8) to the airport | arrive, park, go café where she (9) : breakfast Then she (10) through have, go

passport control and (11) for her flight The plane (12) wait, depart

on tỉme and (13) in Madrid two hours later Finally she arrive

(14) a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid take

Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.)

1 Jim always goes to work by car Yesterday he went, to work by

2 Rachel often loses her keys She eee last week

3 Kate meets her friends every evening She connie Yesterday evening

4

5

1 usually buy two newspapers every day Yesterday I

‘We usually go to the cinema on Sundays Last Sunday we

6 Teat an orange every day Yesterday I obs,

7 Tom always has a shower in the morning This morning ; he TƯ DI

8 Our friends come to see us every Friday They —

Write sentences about what you did yesterday

| played volleyball yesterday

(32)

(past simple negative and questions)

We use did in past simple negatives and questions:

infinitive positiue negative question

play I | played I play I play? start we | started we start we start? watch you | watched you | aid not watch you | watch? have they | had they (didn’t) er have did | they | have? see he | saw he see he see?

do she | did she do she do?

go it | went it go it go?

do/does (present) — did (past):

@ | don’t watch television very often

@ | didn’t watch television yesterday

@ Does she often go away?

@ Did she go away last week?

We use did/didn’t + infinitive (watch/play/go cíc):

Iwatched but I didn’t watch (not ‘I didn’t watched’)

they went did they go? (not ‘did they went?’)

he had he didn’t have you did did you do?

@ I played tennis yesterday but I didn’t win

@ ‘Did you do the shopping?’ ‘No, I didn’t have time’

@ We went to the cinema but we didn’t enjoy the film

Study the word order in questions:

did + subject + infinitive

Did | your sister phone you?

What | did | you do yesterday evening?

How | did | the accident | happen?

Where | did | yourparents | go for their holiday?

1⁄we/you/they he/she/it

Yes, did Nó; |:°WPPWEĐEY' | ara he/she/it

@ ‘Did you see Joe yesterday?” ‘No, I didn’t’

e ‘Did it rain on Sunday?’ “Yes, it did’?

@ ‘Did Helen come to the party?” ‘No, she didn’t’

@ ‘Did your parents have a good holiday?’ “Yes, they did’

worked/got/went etc (past simple) => [WWRTI

Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative

1 Isaw Barbara but I didn’t see Jane

2 They worked on Monday but they on Tuesday

3 We went to the post office but we to the bank

4 She had a pen but she sons AY paper

5 Jack did French at school but he "

Write questions with Did .?

1 I watched TV last night And you? Did you watch TY last night?

2 Tenjoyed the party And you? 2

3 Thad a good holiday And you? 8

4 I finished work early And you? "“ Bese

5 Islept well last night And you?

What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences

1 (watch TV) | watched TV OR | didn’t watch TV

2 (get up before 7 o'clock) I

3 (have a shower)

4 (buy a magazine)

5

(eat meat) scence —

6 (go to bed before 10.30) M M

Write B’s questions Use:

arrive cost go go to bed late happen have a nice time stay win

1 A: We went to New York last month 5 A: We came home by taxi

2 A: I was late this morning 6 A: I’m tired this morning

B: What time — Be ny ?

A: Half past nine A: No, but! didn’t sleep very well

3 A: I played tennis this afternoon 7 A: We went to the beach yesterday

đỒÍ seangnnsuseep ? Be seats

4 A: Thad a nice holiday 8 A: The window is broken

B: Good Where _—— B: How ?

A: To the mountains A: I don’t know

Put the verb in the correct form — positive, negative or question

1 We went to the cinema but the film wasn’t very good We didn’t enjoy ic (enjoy)

2 Tim saute some new clothes yesterday — two shirts, a jacket and a pullover (buy)

đi “thaiuaaituangiadtaLldispaiaatgangl yesterday?’ ‘No, it was a nice day (rain)

4 The party w wasn’t very good, so we " LONG (stay)

5 It was very warm in the room, so I HH a window (open)

6 “Didyou go to the bank this morning? ‘No, I time (have)

7 ‘I cut my hand this morning’? ‘How (do)

(33

| was doing (past continuous)

She was playing tennis

She wasn’t watching television

B was/were + -ing is the past continuous:

positive negative question

he was | doing he | was not doing was |° | doing? she watching she | (wasn’t) | watching she watching? 1E playing at playing i playing?

WE running we | ore not running we running?

you | were | living you (weren’t) of | living were | you | living?

they etc they etc they ete

© What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?

@ ‘What did he say?” ‘I don’t know I wasn’t listening’

© It was raining, so we didn’t go out

@ In 1985 we were living in Canada

© Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers

© I woke up early yesterday It was a beautiful morning The sun was shining and the birds were singing

Spelling (live > living / run > running / lie — lying etc.) = Appendix 5

C am/is/are + -ing (present) +> was/were + -ing (past):

e@ I’m working (now)

@ Itisn’t raining (now)

@ What are you doing (now)?

[34] was/were =

I was working at 10.30 last night

It wasn’t raining when we went out

What were you doing at three o’clock?

I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple) =>

Look at the pictures Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they

doing? Write two sentences for each picture

2 | (you ido) sone at 2 0’clock? I was asleep

3 | (it/rain) tgs ad when you got up? No, it was sunny

4 | (Ann/drive) so fast? Because she was in a hurry

5 | (Tim/wear) a suit yesterday? No, a T-shirt and jeans

(go / home) leet sie se (wear /a i Ree EA ARE lB Ph aces (ride / a bicycle) ¬-

What was Jack doing when the phone rang? |

He was reading a book J

‘What did he do when the phone rang?

He stopped reading and answered the phone

Jack began reading before the phone rang

So: When the phone rang, he was reading

(past continuous) (past simple)

he began

reading the phone | rang T he answered the phone

B past simple past continuous

@ A: What did you do yesterday morning?

B: We played tennis (from 10 to 11.30) beginning end

(10 o'clock) (11.30)

KH

we played (complete action)

@ Jack read a book yesterday (= from

@ A: What were you doing at 10.30?

B: We were playing tennis

beginning (10 o’clock)

* _ %® ® @ >

we were playing | (unfinished action)

® Jack was reading a book when the

@ I started work at 9 o’clock and finished at 4.30 At 2.30 I was working

@ It was raining when we went out (= it started raining before we went out)

@ I saw Lucy and Steve this morning They were waiting at the bus stop

e Jenny fell asleep while she was reading

[36] 1đid (pastsinplc) = DWSTIEH I was doing (past continuous) > IER while =

her room She "

~ (fall) off the ladder

Z at the station and Paula

_ ih (get) off Two friends of hers, John and

Yesterday Sue a (walk) along the road when she ssa (meet) Jim

HE viaccess ses (go) to the station to catch a train and he

3 tin hăng (carry) a bag

They (stop) to talk for a few minutes

1 A: What Were you doing (you/do) when the phone 4N9 (ring)?

B: 1 Was, watching (watch) television

2 A: Was Jane busy when you went to see her?

2 B: Yes, she (study)

3 A: What time `

a B: It Geet (Eöiiit) SWRIlBiE ssz5:ascEBuanujaasiigahdba (have) breakfast

4 A: Was Margaret at work to

B: No, she Ba ce (not/go) to work She was ill

4 B: I don’t know exactly but I — w (not/drive) very fast

6 A: b, : (your team / win) the football match yesterday?

B: No, the weather was very bad, so we (not/play)

PodN® GW arinoctstsacurcanscmgsseie

Be “Websense (play) football I —

(kick) the ball and it “ i (hit) the window

⁄ 8A: thang (you/see) Jenny last night?

Be Yes, she mi (wear) a very nice jacket

9 A: What (you/do) at 2 o’clock this morning?

B: I was asleep

10 A: I (lose) my key last night

B: How (you/get) into your room?

- AS Teese (climb) in through a window

[37

| have done (present perfect 1)

He has cleaned his shoes (= his shoes are clean now)

past participle

I cleaned I cleaned?

we | have (*ve) finished have | ¥° | finished? | } regular verbs

you | have not (haven’t) | started you | started?

they lost they | lost?

đc has (’s) been Kas od che been? irregular verbs

it has not (hasn’t) gone „ gone?

Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple):

clean — I have cleaned finish > we have finished start — she has started Irregular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes different (= Appendix 2-3) For example:

the same: buy > | bought / [ have bought have — he had / he has had

different: break > I broke / I have broken see you saw / you have seen

fall — it fell / it has fallen go — they went / they have gone

We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:

I’ve lost my passport (= I can’t find my passport now)

“Where’s Linda?’ ‘She’s gone to bed (= she is in bed now)

‘We’ve bought a new car (= we have a new car now)

It’s Rachel’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present

‘Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?’

Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it?

presentpedect=[WWNIRI] present perfect and past simple => [IGE] irceularverb›— [TTECNNUEEN

_.15.1 _ Lookat the pictures What has happened? Choose from:

gotobed eleanthis-shees stop raining close the door fall down have a bath

~15.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the list

break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take tell

1 ‘Can I have this newspaper?’ “Yes, I ‘ve finished with it?

2 Áo conn, SOME NEW shoe: Do you want to see them?

3° seen STUHR tO if out?

4 m looling for Paula you

5 Look! Somebody able that window

~ 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” “Ves,l A her’

7 Ican’t find my umbrella Somebody it,

8 I'm looking for Sarah Where she i GẶP,

9 1know that woman but I her name

10 Sue is having a party tonight She a lot of people

11 What are you going to do? you ?

ie 12 ‘Where are muy glasses?’ ‘I don’t know I them?

[39

C Thaven’t yet / Have you yet?

yet = until now

I’ve already | haven’t yet

just = a short time ago

@ A: Are Diane and Paul here?

B: Yes, they’ve just arrived

@ A: Are you hungry?

B: No, Pve just had dinner

@ A: Is ‘Tom here?

B: No, I’m afraid he’s just gone

(= he has just gone)

already = before you expected / before I expected

@ A: What time are Diane and Paul coming?

B: They’ve already arrived (= before you expected)

© It’s only nine o’clock and Ann has already gone

to bed (= before I expected)

@ A: John, this is Mary

B: Yes, I know We’ve already met

You can use yet in negative sentences and questions Yet is usually at the end

EID

hs A

\\ Oh, it’s nicerU)

Have you worn

LN it yet?

present perfect => [WPRIIRTE7]

yet in negative sentences:

@ A: Are Diane and Paul here?

B: No, they haven’t arrived yet

(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)

Does John know that you're going away?

B: No, I haven’t told him yet

(but B is going to tell him soon)

@ Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn’t worn it yet

yet in questions:

® A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?

B: No, not yet We're still waiting for them

@ A: Has Linda started her new job yet?

B: No, she starts next week

@ A: This is my new dress

B: Oh, it’s nice Have you worn it yet?

still, yet and already =>

1 What time is Paul arriving?

2 Do Sue and Bill want to see the film?

3 Don’t forget to phone Tom

4 When is Martin going away?

5 Do you want to read the newspaper?

6 When does Linda start her new job?

He's already arrived

Write a sentence with just (They’ve just /She’s just etc.) or anegative sentence with yet (They

haven't yet /She hasn’t yet etc.)

afew minutes ago

(she / go / out) She hasn't gone out yet (the b

(it / stop / raining)

Write questions with yet

1 Your friend has got a new job Perhaps

she has started it You ask her:

2 Your friend has some new neighbours

Perhaps he has met them You ask him: