monitoring diagnosing efficiency catalytic converters 6 docx

A studies in surface science and catalysis A A A 4 METHODS FOR MONITORING AND DIAGNOSING THE EFFICIENCY OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS A Patent - oriented Survey Marios Sideris c This is Volume 14 of the EPO Applied Technology Series. The following books have appeared previously in this series: Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 CARDON & FRANSEN LAMMINEUR & CORNILLIE BRACKE et al HOORNAERT GEISLER et al JACOBS et al CRISTOL CORNlLLlE & DAVIES MlCHlELS & DE HERDT DERAEDT DHEERE HERMANN ONSHAGE Dynamic Semiconductor RAM Structures Industrial Robots Inorganic Fibres & Composite Materials Reverse Osmosis Optical Fibres Nickel &Cobalt Extraction Using Organic Compounds Solid State Video Cameras Microprocessors Molecular Sieve Catalysts Methods of Abating Residual Formaldehyde in Industrial Resins Universal Computer Interfaces Protein Folding Mercury Cadmium Te I I u rid e I mag e rs [...]... Deutsche Fernsprecher GmbH Marburg Other methods Part Two: Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of Temperature Measurements 131 143 145 157 161 165 169 175 179 187 197 2 06 207 212 213 215 215 2 16 217 217 218 219 220 22 1 22 1 22 1 222 223 223 224 225 225 2 26 2 26 228 228 230 230 231 xi Temperature setisors used in monitoring of catalytic converters 23 5 2.1 Emitec Gesellschafl Emrnissionstechnik... EC 96 Euro Stage Euro Stage Euro Stage emission zv standards IZZ zz (19 96) (@m) (ghm) (@m) @mile) NIA 2.3 NIA 0.2 NIA 0.15 1 0.7 NIA 0.08 1 0 .64 0. 56 0.5 2.2 0.5 1 NIA 0.1 0.08 TLEV ‘19 96- 1 998+) (g/mile) LEV (2000) (g/mile) ULEV (2005) (g/mile) 3.4 14.2 3.4 14.2 3.4 I 4.2 1.7 I 2.1 0.4 10 .6 0.25 10.31 0.4 10 .6 0.2 10.3 0.04 0.2 10.3 3.125 1’0.1 56 0.075 I 0.09C 0.04 I 0.055 0.9 NIA 0.05 0 .64 0. 56 0.1... EP0492083 (1992),EP0505720 (1992),DE19509029 (1995)) 12 Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters Types of catalytic converters There are three main types of catalytic converters used in spark-ignition engines, which are described in detail in [8] A “one-way or oxidaiioti ca/a/ytk cotiverter” (fig 6a) oxidizes the unburned CO and HC in the exhaust gases and converts... three-way catalytic converter becomes insufficient when the air-&el ratio is lean (see e.g EP 062 7548 (1 9 4 ) 9) 1 one-way catalytic converter secondary air / :e, +' I 3 catalytic converter b) two-way catalytic converter reduction catalytic oxidation catalytic converter converter + I , secondary air c) three-way catalytic converter control 7 airlfuel tuning three-way catalytic converter N ,HC,CO a Fig 6. .. f converters Materials used iii c~icr/c~lyl~c Tjpes of catalytic cwiverters 'ontrol ~fcatalytic comarters diirrtig a cold erigirie start-up Electric heaters Afterburners Fuel burners Close-coupled converters Secondary converters Hydrocarbon adsorbents Secondary air Other systems to facilitate light-off temperature of catalytic converters Oxygeii ,storage Monitoring and diapimirig the efjcieiicy o catalytic. .. 5 Nippon Denso Co Engines with mirltiple cylitider grotlps 8 12 18 18 19 19 21 21 22 22 35 39 43 59 63 80 83 113 117 129 x Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 1 .6 Honda Motor Co Ltd Engines with mtrltiple cylinder groups 1.7Hitachi Ltd Pltrrality o catalytic converters arranged in series f k the exhairst pipe 1.8 Mazda Motor Corporation Engines with mwltiple... gases Table 1 : European and American Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger cars 50000 miles [or 5 years) I’ 100000 miles (or 10 years) Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 8 Materials used in catalytic converters A catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine comprises in general three main elements: the ceramic or metallic support, the alumina washcoat... Products Co 3 06 Willard R Calvert, Sr 3 06 0 Phywe Systeme GmbH 3 06 0 Lucas Industries PLC 308 0 Mazda Motor Corp 0 Roth-Technik GmbH & Co Forschung f i r Automobil- und 308 Umwelttechniek 308 0 Unisia Jecs Corp 308 NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd 309 Honda Motor Co Ltd 309 0 Other Methods Part Three: Other Methods for Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters Exhaust gas coticetitrutionsemen Monitoring. .. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is proven The book is divided into four parts The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or aidfuel ratio exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter The second... (70, A catalytic converter can also have a reducing jiiriclion by accelerating the reaction of hydrogen ( z and carbon monoxide (CO) with nitrogen oxides (NO,) to produce nitrogen H) (N2) and carbon dioxide (COZ) according to the chemical reaction: IO Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters In addition to the noble metals, the alumina washcoat of a three-way catalytic . 305 3 06 3 06 3 06 3 06 3 06 308 308 308 308 309 309 311 3 14 319 321 325 329 333 335 335 3 36 xii Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Eflciency of Catalytic Converters. for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 1 .6 Honda Motor Co. Ltd. 1.7 Hitachi Ltd. Engines with mtrltiple cylinder groups Pltrrality of catalytic converters. basic principles of modem catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated.