monitoring diagnosing efficiency catalytic converters potx

A studies in surface science and catalysis A A A 4 METHODS FOR MONITORING AND DIAGNOSING THE EFFICIENCY OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS A Patent - oriented Survey Marios Sideris c This is Volume 14 of the EPO Applied Technology Series. The following books have appeared previously in this series: Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 CARDON & FRANSEN LAMMINEUR & CORNILLIE BRACKE et al HOORNAERT GEISLER et al JACOBS et al CRISTOL CORNlLLlE & DAVIES MlCHlELS & DE HERDT DERAEDT DHEERE HERMANN ONSHAGE Dynamic Semiconductor RAM Structures Industrial Robots Inorganic Fibres & Composite Materials Reverse Osmosis Optical Fibres Nickel &Cobalt Extraction Using Organic Compounds Solid State Video Cameras Microprocessors Molecular Sieve Catalysts Methods of Abating Residual Formaldehyde in Industrial Resins Universal Computer Interfaces Protein Folding Mercury Cadmium Te I I u rid e I mag e rs [...]... f converters Materials used iii c~icr/c~lyl~c Tjpes of catalytic cwiverters 'ontrol ~fcatalytic comarters diirrtig a cold erigirie start-up Electric heaters Afterburners Fuel burners Close-coupled converters Secondary converters Hydrocarbon adsorbents Secondary air Other systems to facilitate light-off temperature of catalytic converters Oxygeii ,storage Monitoring and diapimirig the efjcieiicy o catalytic. .. being damaged from vibrations or shocks (see e.g patent disclosures EP0492083 (1992),EP0505720 (1992),DE19509029 (1995)) 12 Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters Types of catalytic converters There are three main types of catalytic converters used in spark-ignition engines, which are described in detail in [8] A “one-way or oxidaiioti ca/a/ytk cotiverter” (fig 6a)... gases Table 1 : European and American Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger cars 50000 miles [or 5 years) I’ 100000 miles (or 10 years) Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 8 Materials used in catalytic converters A catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine comprises in general three main elements: the ceramic or metallic support, the alumina washcoat... The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is proven The book is divided into four parts The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or aidfuel ratio exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter The second... Introduction three-way catalytic converter becomes insufficient when the air-&el ratio is lean (see e.g EP0627548 (1 9 4 ) 9) 1 one-way catalytic converter secondary air / :e, +' I 3 catalytic converter b) two-way catalytic converter reduction catalytic oxidation catalytic converter converter + I , secondary air c) three-way catalytic converter control 7 airlfuel tuning three-way catalytic converter... (70, A catalytic converter can also have a reducing jiiriclion by accelerating the reaction of hydrogen ( z and carbon monoxide (CO) with nitrogen oxides (NO,) to produce nitrogen H) (N2) and carbon dioxide (COZ) according to the chemical reaction: IO Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters In addition to the noble metals, the alumina washcoat of a three-way catalytic. .. emissions standards for 2000 and beyond It comes as a draft directive, which also proposes that petrol vehicles with electronically controlled catalytic converters should be fitted with on-board Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 4 diagnostic (OBD) systems that indicate when emissions are not conforming to standard and require hrther investigation ([SI) Fig 2... Co Engines with mirltiple cylitider grotlps 8 12 18 18 19 19 21 21 22 22 35 39 43 59 63 80 83 113 117 129 x Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 1.6 Honda Motor Co Ltd Engines with mtrltiple cylinder groups 1.7Hitachi Ltd Pltrrality o catalytic converters arranged in series f k the exhairst pipe 1.8 Mazda Motor Corporation Engines with mwltiple cylinder groups... The different composition of pollutants of the exhaust gases for petrol and diesel engines has led to a different catalytic converter technology for each type of engine Before handling the problem of monitoring of catalytic converters, a few elements concerning the technology of catalytic converters will be presented below Most of the technology described in this book refers to spark-ignition (petrol)... ,HC,CO a Fig 6 (from [8], p LXVII) 14 Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosingthe Eficiency of Catalytic Converters Further, when the concentration of NO, in the exhaust gas becomes low, the ability of the three-way catalytic converter to purifl NO, in the exhaust gas becomes low since the possibility of the NO, molecules in the exhaust gas being reduced on the catalytic converter becomes lower as the concentration . basic principles of modem catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is proven for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters 1.6 Honda Motor Co. Ltd. 1.7 Hitachi Ltd. Engines with mtrltiple cylinder groups Pltrrality of catalytic converters