En54 kỹ năng thuyết trình bài 5

Kỹ năng thuyết trình là gì? Kỹ năng thuyết trình là khả năng trình bày, diễn đạt, truyền đạt thông tin, ý tưởng một cách rõ ràng, logic và thuyết phục trước đám đông hoặc khán giả. Kỹ năng thuyết trình tốt bao gồm sự kết hợp của nhiều yếu tố: Sự hiểu biết về chủ đề: Người trình bày cần phải nắm vững kiến thức về chủ đề mình đang thuyết trình. Sự hiểu biết sâu rộ giúp họ trả lời các câu hỏi, đối phó với tình huống khó khăn và tạo sự tin tưởng từ phía khán giả. Tổ chức nội dung: Kỹ năng tổ chức nội dung là khả năng sắp xếp thông tin một cách có logic và dễ hiểu. Người trình bày cần biết cách chia thành các phần nhỏ, đặt ra các điểm chính và phụ hợp để giúp người nghe theo dõi và hiểu rõ. Giao tiếp xuất sắc: Việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ mạch lạc, mạnh mẽ và phù hợp với khán giả giúp tạo sự ấn tượng. Sự lưu loát trong nói và khả năng truyền đạt ý tưởng một cách rõ ràng, dễ hiểu là quan trọng. Kỹ thuật thuyết trình: Sử dụng các công cụ và kỹ thuật thuyết trình như slide, hình ảnh, video, biểu đồ để minh họa và hỗ trợ ý kiến. Hiểu biết về cách sử dụng công cụ này một cách hiệu quả là rất quan trọng. Tương tác với khán giả: Khả năng tạo sự tương tác và liên kết với khán giả giúp tạo nên một môi trường thuyết trình thú vị. Đặt câu hỏi, lắng nghe phản hồi, và thích nghi với sự phản ứng của khán giả là điểm quan trọng. Tự tin: Tự tin trong việc thuyết trình giúp tạo sự ấn tượng mạnh mẽ. Tuy nhiên, tự tin cần đi kèm với sự chuẩn bị cẩn thận và kiến thức vững chắc. Thích nghi với tình huống: Kỹ năng thích nghi là khả năng thay đổi hoặc điều chỉnh thuyết trình dựa trên tình hình thực tế. Điều này bao gồm việc xử lý các tình huống bất ngờ hoặc phản hồi không mong đợi từ khán giả.

A Healthy Diet and Our Body

If our bodies are human machines food is our fuel How well we eat, affects how well our bodies work, and how long we live.

It is especially important that we eat heathily as children, as we are still growing and

developing; a young plant not given proper nutrients grows up to be a poor specimen  A healthy diet is sometimes called a balanced diet as it needs to consist of different types of

Eating properly and regularly is really

important; what we eat and drink now, affects our health in the future

Back to Introduction

Foodie fact

Children that eat breakfast get better scores in

tests than children that

don’t!

A Balanced Diet

diet

•A balanced diet contains the different nutrients in the correct

amounts, keeping us healthy

•Certain foods are not necessarily 'bad' for us, but eating too much of them could be.

•Foods contain nutrients: these are substances which provide raw materials for the body (we need nutrients, along with fibre and water for a healthy diet)

•There are seven different nutrients, and some foods are particular rich in certain nutrients…

Diet - the basics

Healthy diets are balanced in the context of

•Proteins – build muscle and cells

•Carbohydrates- starch and sugars - energy

•Fats and oils – cell membranes and energy

•Minerals and vitamins - health

•Fibre – helps food move through the intestine

•Water – hydration of the body

Balanced Diets

•Different foods contain different substances - there is no one food that contains all the substances the body needs Instead you must eat a wide variety of foods - balancing your diet

•Different people need different amounts of food You need more food if you are particularly active, are pregnant etc…

•The amount of energy food contains is measured in kilojules (kJ) - if

you are more active, your kJ intake needs to be greater

•If we eat too little food, we will use up our store of fat and become too thin If we eat too much food, especially foods rich in sugar and fat, we will increase our store of fat and become too fat.

•It is important to balance the amount of food we eat with who we are and what we do The amount of energy we need from our food depends on our age, our height and how much exercise we get

•E.g a one-year old baby needs 3850 kJ each day to continue to grow, whereas an adult Olympic swimmer in training needs 15,600 kJ each day.

What is malnutrition?

Health and Body image

What factors influence how we see ourselves?Advertising?

Models, film stars or famous people?Popular music culture

Who are most vulnerable to images of so called ‘desirable’ body shape and size?

What do you think?

Anorexia – physiological disease

Lack of food and health problems

•Deficiencies – there are so many you don’t need to know any – (Scurvy – lack of vitamin C is one)BUT you must know that ‘starvation’ causes:

•Reduced resistance to disease.

•Irregular periods in women -

•How would you describe an obese person?

•Where does being overweight

stop and obesity start?

TOO MUCH FOOD AND TOO LITLE EXERCISE WILL LEAD TO

•Arthritis – worn joints

•Diabetes – high blood sugar level

•High blood pressure

•Heart and blood vessel disease (cardiovascular)

A question of balance

To maintain your weight

Energy intake = energy output

Does a bricklayer need to eat more than a teacher?

Do Eskimos need to eat more high energy foods than us?

•Height to weight ratio

Body mass index

BMI Categories:

BMI = weight Kg ÷ height2 m2

Doctors can assess whether people are obese using BMI – however it is not totally reliable.

What is your BMI?

Fast foods

•High in fats and salt –

not good if eaten to excess

Poor Diet

•If you have too little of a particular nutrient, we say that you have a

deficiency in that nutrient, e.g fibre deficiency can lead to constipation

•Mineral deficiencies - e.g iron deficiency can lead to anaemia (too

few red blood cells); iodine deficiency can lead to a swelling in the

neck called a goitre

•Vitamin deficiencies - e.g vitamin A deficiency can cause

blindness; vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy (makes the gums bleed); and vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets (legs bow

outwards in growing children)

Eat more of some and less of others

Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread,

potatoes)

Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread,

Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this group

Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread,

Healthy Eating Pyramid

Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread,

Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this groupMeat, fish and dairy: take

something from this group

Foods high in fats and sugars: take only small amounts from this group

Food

Back to Introduction

• Sort food into the 3 main groups

• Remember, the groups are:

Fruit and vegetablesMeat and

Bread, cereals

and potatoes

Milk and dairy Fatty and sugary Body Building food

Protective food

Energy giving food

Which 2 foods belong

to the Protective food group?

Which 2 foods belong

to the Protective food group?

Which 2 foods belong to

the Energy giving

group?

Which 2 foods belong to

the Energy giving

group?

Which 2 foods

belong to the Body building group?

Which 2 foods

belong to the Body building group?

How does food help us?

•Fruit and vegetables contain minerals and vitamins They stop us becoming ill.

• Milk and dairy foods contain calcium It helps our bones, teeth and nails to grow.

• Meat and fish contain protein It helps our body to grow and repair itself.

•Bread, cereals and potatoes contain fibre and

carbohydrates This helps us to digest our food, and gives us energy

•Fatty and sugary foods contain fat They give us

energy, but only in small amounts.

Fruit and Vegetables

Back to Main Food Groups

Fruits and vegetables grow on plants: underground, on the ground or in trees

Every day we should eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables (A portion is

about a handful.)

Fruit and vegetables give us

fibre and vitamins and minerals.

Take5 a dayeveryday!

Grains and Pulses

Back to Main Food Groups

This food group includes wheat, corn, barley, rice, lentils, beans etc.

These are all from plants and form a staple part of the diet

for people all over the world.Grains and pulses give us

carbohydrates and proteins.

Nuts are another source of protein.

What is ?

Rice is the staple food in China and much of the East

What is it in the West (UK, USA)?

Grains and Pulses

Back to Main Food Groups

This food group includes wheat, corn, barley, rice, lentils, beans etc.

These are all from plants and form a staple part of the diet

for people all over the world.Grains and pulses give us

carbohydrates and proteins.

Nuts are another source of protein.

Wheat. We eat it in bread, pasta,

cereals, cakes, biscuits and it’s added to all sorts

of foods.

Dairy Products

Back to Main Food Groups

Dairy foods are made from milk (usually cow’s milk, but can be from other animals like goats or sheep) Dairy foods give us proteins and

fats They are also a good source of calcium

which is good for bones and teeth.These foods include:

•Cheese (hard, soft, cottage);

•Food high in milk or milk products

Weird fact

Our brains are 80%

fat.

Meat, Fish and Eggs

Back to Main Food Groups

The main nutrients derived from meat are

proteins, but it also gives us fats and some minerals.

The meat and fish group includes:

•Chicken and all poultry;

•Fish and shellfish;

•Beef, pork and lamb.

•Eggs are included in this group too.

Athletes eat lots of protein; they help to build

Foodie fact

Sushi (raw fish) is now Marks and Spencer’s best-selling lunchtime

snack.

Starches, Sugars and Fats

refined sugars – these are empty calories which give an immediate ‘boost’.

A small amount of fat is important for health, but eating too much fat is unhealthy It leads to clogged arteries (restricted blood supply), high cholesterol and becoming overweight

Vitamins and Minerals

Our bodies need all sorts of chemicals

(vitamins and minerals) to be healthy The most common are:

Vitamin AHelps maintain

eyesight Sweet potatoes, carrotsVitamin BHelp body

make protein

Green leafy vegetablesVitamin CHealing skin,

preventing colds

Citrus fruit, tomatoesVitamin DStrengthen

bones MilkSunlight

strengthen cells

Vegetable oils, nuts

vegetablesBack to Introduction

WATER: WE

SHOULD DRINK ABOUT 8

GLASSES OF

WATER PER DAY

Reading the Labels on Foods

Food labelling is confusing The front of packaging often tells a different story to the back.

Products that claim to be Low in fat

on the front, may be loaded with sugar, and sometimes, products saying things like ‘Less than 5% fat’ have more fat tha similar

Healthy Eating Myths

It doesn’t matter what I eat as long

as I do lots of exercise.

Back to Introduction

Healthy Eating Myths

It doesn’t matter what I eat as long

as I do lots of exercise.

Wrong! Exercise is good for you, but it still matters what you eat Eating the right foods means we can

learn better and exercise better too!

Back to Introduction

Healthy Eating Myths

Chocolate is bad for you!

Back to Introduction

Healthy Eating Myths

Chocolate is bad for you!

It’s true that chocolate isn’t the healthiest snack – but it isn’t innately bad either! So, some

chocolate can be part of a balanced diet Plain (dark)

chocolate is better for you thank milk; it is higher in iron.Back to Introduction

Healthy Eating Myths Chewing and digesting

a stick of celery uses up more energy than you get from the food.

Back to Introduction

Healthy Eating Myths Chewing and digesting

a stick of celery uses up more energy than you get from the food.

This sounds good, but unfortunately it isn’t

Back to Introduction

Eat Well and Stay Healthy!

uses energy Walking, hiking, bicycling, swimming, dancing gardening, briskly pushing a baby stroller, climbing the

stairs, or playing soccer are all good examples of being active

active for 60 minutes a day.

Links for further study

Healthy eating and wired for health sites by the government – links to appropriate ages:

Food Standards Agency, 5 a day the Bash Street Way aimed at 7-11:

Flash game ‘identify the fruit’, interactive, suitable whiteboard, aimed at year 2:

http://www.elllo.org/yeartwo/jan17th/vivian/fruit.htm Back to Introduction