Bài giảng anh văn 3 eg09 3 tiếng anh tiếng việt

Exercise 1.8. Here are some words and phrases from Listening Text. Read the sentences below and fill in each blank with one word/ phrase. public transport microwave ring take-away pizzas agree heat complicated phone bill 1. There must be something wrong in his....................It can’t be that high. 2. He can’t cook meal because the.......................is broken down. 3. I haven’t got any idea. The problem is so.............................. 4. She’s so busy that she often buys........................... 5. This is my number.....................me if you have a problem. 6. The traffic is terrible, that’s why I often use........................ 7. This food does not............................with me. 8. He couldn’t stand the..........................in this region

We’re Living Faster, But Are We Living Better?

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 1.8 Here are some words and phrases from Listening Text Read the

sentences below and fill in each blank with one word/ phrase

1 There must be something wrong in his It can’t be that high

2 He can’t cook meal because the is broken down

3 I haven’t got any idea The problem is so

4 She’s so busy that she often buys

5 This is my number me if you have a problem

6 The traffic is terrible, that’s why I often use

7 This food does not with me

8 He couldn’t stand the in this region

Collocations – Nouns and Verbs

A collocation is a combination of words that are frequently used together

Some of the most common types of Noun Collocations are:

Adjective + Noun regular exercise; interesting stories, terrible headache, familiar scene

Noun + Noun bus stop; health centre; career adviser, farewell party, farm product

Some of the most common types of Verb Collocations:

Noun + Verb Snow was falling as our plane took off

The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking

Verb + Noun do homework, play badminton, make progress

Verb + Adverb speak loudly, drive carefully, run slowly, try hard

Exercise 1.9 Match the verbs in A with the phrases in B to make collocations

interview study earn take care of

do change work spend get on

hard engineering somebody for a job

a lot of training career

children time with someone

a lot of money together/ with somebody

Listening for Main Ideas

Exercise 1.10 Listen and decide if the following statements are True/ False (Track 1.1)

1 Speaker 1 and her daughter regularly see each other

2 Speaker 2 spends much time cooking for her family

3 Speaking 3 is too busy to have enough sleep

4 Traffic is much worse than before

Listening for Details

Exercise 1.11 Listen and answer the following questions

1 How often does Speaker 1’s daughter phone her?

2 What does she often tell her mother on phone?

4 Why does Speaker 3 never go to bed before 11 or 12?

to What might be its main content?

Exercise 1.12 Listen to the story Choose the best title (Track 1.2)

a My Aunt’s House

b The Wrong House

c The Old House

We’re Living Faster, But Are We Living Better?

Read the text and do the activities that follow

We’re Living Faster, But Are We Living Better?

Not long ago people believed that in the future we would work less, have more free time, and be more relaxed But sadly this has not happened Today we work harder, work longer hours, and are more stressed than ten years ago We walk faster, talk faster, and sleep less than previous generations And although we are obsessed with machines which save us time, we have less free time than our parents and grandparents had But what is this doing

to our health? An American journalist James Gleick in a new book, Faster: the

acceleration of just about everything, says that people who live in cities are suffering from

‘hurry sickness’ – we are always trying to do more things in less time As a result, our lives are more stressful He says that if we don’t slow down, we won’t live as long as our parents For most people, faster doesn’t mean better

1 No time for the news

Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger Most people don’t have enough time to read the articles, they only read the headlines! On TV and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago

2 No time for stories

In the USA there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children These are

shorter versions of traditional stories, specially written for ‘busy parents’ who want to save time!

5 No time for slow sports

In the USA the national sport, baseball, is not as popular as before it is a slow game and

6 but more time in our cars

The only thing that is slower than before is the way we drive Our cars are faster but the traffic is worse so we drive more slowly We spend more time sitting in our cars, feeling stressed because we are worried that we won’t arrive on time Experts predict that in ten years’ time the average speed on the road in cities will be 17 km/h

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 1.1 Here are some time expressions from the Reading Text Match each expression to its meaning

you have more time

Vocabulary Skills Word Families

Word families are groups of words that are sufficiently closely related to each other to form a 'family' Words can be grouped into families in two main ways:

Family – familiar – unfamiliar - familiarity – familiarize

Use – usage – useful – useless – misuse – usable

Dog – bitch

Sheep – ram – ewe

Exercise 1.2

A Here are some words from the Reading Text Use dictionaries to find more words related to make ‘Word Families’

Believe………

Obsessed………

Specially………

Relax………

Popular………

Collection………

Educational………

National………

Properly………

Relaxed………

Health………

B Fill in the space in the sentence using the base word given in brackets

1 The patient comes to the hospital in the that he will be cured (BELIEVE)

2 She’s over her weight (OBSESS)

3 He in accounting at the university (SPECIALLY)

4 is necessary after hard work (RELAX)

5 He took up that sport for its (POPULAR)

6 The………system in this country is rather complex (EDUCATION)

7 NUS is the………… university of Singapore (NATION)

8 She’s stressed She cannot sleep or eat ……… (PROPER)

9 He has a big stamp……… (COLLECT)

10 A……… diet is one that helps maintain general health (HEALTH)

Reading for Main Ideas

Exercise 1.3 Read the text and decide if the following statements are TRUE or

FALSE

1 The writer wrote the article to encourage us to work more and relax less

2 People today are having a less stressful life than they did in the past

3 People are too busy to read newspapers

4 Slow sports have become unpopular

5 More time is spent on stories

Reading for Details

Exercise 1.4 Answer the following questions

1 What do machines help people?

Reading Skills Identifying the Main Ideas of a Paragraph

A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea Paragraphs usually have two types of sentences: a topic sentence and supporting sentences The topic sentence contains the main idea You can often find it in the first or second sentence of a paragraph

Skiing is my favorite sport I usually go skiing every weekend in the winter even though

it is expensive I love the feeling of flying down a mountain The views are beautiful from the top of a mountain and along the trails Even the danger of falling and getting hurt can’t keep me away from the slopes on a winter day

Skiing is my favorite sport is the topic sentence which contains the main idea of the

paragraph

Rules for finding the main idea:

Exercise 1.5 Read the following paragraphs and choose the best main idea

1 _ North Americans send cards for many occasions They send cards to family and friends on birthdays and holidays They also send thank-you cards, get well cards, graduation cards, and congratulation cards It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through the mail, but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular

a Sending cards is very popular in North America

b Birthday cards are the most popular kind of card

c It is important to send thank-you cards

2 _ First of all, we need money to repair old roads and build new roads We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help

to the poor citizens of the city It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon

a We should raise city taxes

b City taxes are too high

c City taxes pay for new roads

size and location Finally, you must be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford to go to school there

a It is expensive to attend a university in the United States

b There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend

c You should consider getting a good education

4 _ For example, a person can have breakfast in New York, board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris A businesswoman in London can instantly place an order with a factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball game being played in Los Angeles

a Airplanes have changed our lives

b Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller

c The fax machine was an important invention

Simple Present and Present Continuous

We use the present simple and present continuous differently The main uses for each tense are:

A Present Simple

I always get up at 6.30

He doesn’t often read newspapers

She is sometimes late for class

We live in London

Cats eat fish

British people like animals

B Present Continuous

future

Logan is dancing really badly

Oh no! It’s raining

What are you doing this evening?

Exercise 1.13 Complete the dialogue Use the present simple or present continuous

form of the verbs in brackets

No, she (1) (play) volleyball at the park

Really? But Tilly (2) (not like) sport

I (3) (know) that But she’s with friends

He’s tall with dark blue tracksuit

Sorry I (4) (not know) him

It doesn’t matter

What (5) you (do) now?

I (6) (send) Tilly a text message

(7) you (ask) her about William?

No, I (8) (tell) her a secret about him

William really (9) (like) her

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS /i/ or /i:/

In English, /i/ is a short vowel and /i:/ is a long vowel Short vowels have a much shorter

pronunciation than long vowel sounds Short vowels produce only one sound and do not require the speaker to open his mouth very wide

Exercise 1.14 Listen and repeat the words (Track 1.3)

/i:/ he she me meet leave

SKILLS FOCUS Drawing attention to main ideas

Main ideas are expressed in the topic sentence which is usually the first one in a talk or a presentation The sentence containing main ideas is more general than the others

To draw attention to the main ideas, we can use different expressions, for example:

The important point I want to make is

The important point to remember is

The main point to remember is

Our final point is

It is important to consider

Or the speaker can ask a rhetorical question related to the main idea, e.g What do we mean

Exercise 1.15 Listen to the following talk and decide which its main idea is (Track

B ORGANIZE IDEAS

C SPEAK

The Present Continuous

Structure Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb

S Be Verb + ing

Uses We use the Present Continuous to talk about:

1 Activities happening now

The kids are watching TV

I am sitting down, because I am tired

He isn’t learning German, because this is an English class

What are you writing?

2 Activities happening around now

Sally is studying hard for her exams this week

We aren’t working hard these days

3 Activities happening in the near future, especially for planned future events

Polly is coming for dinner tomorrow

Are you doing anything tonight?

Jim, can you help me?

Sorry, Mum I (1) am doing my homework (DO)

What (2) your sister ? (DO)

Mum

Jim

Dad

Mum

And what (4) Gary and Sam ? (DO)

(6) anything (NOT DO)

Yes, I am I (7) the paper (READ)

Not any more!

Writing a Topic Sentence

The topic sentence is the most important sentence of a paragraph It tells what the whole paragraph is about

Summer is my favorite season I enjoy summer sports like water skiing and baseball The weather is usually sunny and hot, so I can go to the beach almost every day Gardening is my hobby and I spend many summer days working in my garden Unfortunately, the days pass too quickly in summer

Summer is my favorite season is the topic sentence containing the main idea of the

paragraph

Steps in writing a topic sentence:

you have to say?

your topic sentence is a complete one

Exercise 1.7 Write the topic sentences for the following paragraphs:

1 _ He has collected stamps and coins ever since he was a child He is very proud of his valuable collections Paul also enjoys painting and drawing Recently he has become interested in gardening Out of all his hobbies, Paul’s favorite one is reading He usually reads at least one book every week Paul keeps busy with all of his hobbies

2 _ I can’t wait to come home

3 _ It never starts in cold weather The horn and the left turn signal don’t work properly Worst of all, the radio only gets one station and the CD player is completely broken I wish I could get a new car

4 First and most importantly, the work is very interesting I learn new things every day and I get to travel a lot In addition, my boss is very nice She is always willing to help me when I have a problem I have also made many new friends at my job Last but not least, the salary is fantastic

In this assignment, you will write a descriptive paragraph about a current social trend

A BRAINSTORM

Follow these steps to gather ideas for your paragraph: 1 Think of some social trends that you have strong opinions about 2 For each of those trends, answer these questions: How would you describe it? Think about descriptive language you can use What are the main features of that trend? What are your opinions about that trend? 3 Discuss the ideas with a partner B PLAN

Use ideas from Activity A to make an outline for your paragraph 1 Topic sentence: one sentence containing the main idea of the paragraph ………

………

2 Supporting sentences: details to support the topic sentence ………

………

………

………

………

C WRITE

Use your outline from Activity B to write a descriptive paragraph

D EDIT

Complete the checklist below before writing the final draft of your paragraph

All of your sentences relate to the subject you are trying to describe

The order of the sentences is the best possible

The language is descriptive

Your main idea is clear

Collocations are used correctly

You have any spelling or grammatical mistakes

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 2.8 Here are some words and phrases from Listening Text Read the

sentences below and fill in each blank with one word/ phrase

1 He can’t buy that shirt because he’s of money

2 are waiting for their turn to perform

3 has two satellites

4 Be careful or you’ll be bitten by

5 are the most dangerous fish at sea

6 is the fourth planet from the sun

7 USA Swimming is made up of 400,000

8 The number of has decreased this month

Vocabulary Skills Conversion

Conversion is the word formation process in which a word of one grammatical form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changes to spelling or pronunciation Here are some classes of conversion

 Noun to Verb Conversion

Access – to access Bottle – to bottle Email – to email

 Verb to Noun Conversion

To alert – alert

To attack – attack

To call – call

 Other Conversions

Adjective to Verb: green – to green Preposition to noun: up, down – the ups and downs of life Conjunction to noun: if, and, but – no ifs, ands, or buts Interjection to noun: ho ho ho – I love the ho ho hos of Christmastime

Exercise 2.9 Here are some words of color from the Listening Text Use

dictionaries to find their conversion

White

Blue

Grey

Yellow

Brown

Listening for Main Ideas Exercise 2.10 Listen and circle the main idea of the text (Track 2.1) 1 A Sport Game 2 An Auction 3 A Game Show Listening for Details Exercise 2.11 Listen and answer these questions (Track 2.1) 1 What is the name of the show?

2 How many seconds do the contestants have for each question?

4 How much do they win for eight right answers?

Listening Skills Understanding Causes and Effects

When we talk about an effect resulting from a certain cause, we use expressions such

as because, since, as, owing to, due to

The police arrested him because he broke into a bank

She can't read the letter as she is illiterate

He is lazy, so his study result is bad

3 Why does she like July the best?

Color Matters for What You Wear

Read the text and do the activities that follow

Color Matters for What You Wear

Clothes are like a second skin Most likely you feel good when you wear your favorite color What happens when someone sees you wearing any color - for example blue? Does the color send a message?

What do you think about pink and blue for children?

What do you think about pink and blue in the pictures below?

One of the most common examples of color symbolism in clothing is the custom of using pink for girls and blue for boys, but it wasn't always this way This tradition

it was best suited for boys; blue was more delicate and dainty and best for girls In

1921, the Women's Institute for Domestic Science in Pennsylvania endorsed pink for boys, blue for girls

Even more interesting is the fact that pink is the color for baby boys and blue is the color for baby girls in Belgium today

Another interesting fact about pink is that pink is a very masculine color in Bermuda Also, British bankers and barristers have worn pink shirts for decades Pink goes in and out of fashion in other parts of the world White is the traditional color for a bride's wedding gown in the U.S and most European cultures White symbolizes purity and innocence

What about the color worn for weddings and funerals?

In Asia, white is the color of death This arises from the belief that death is seen as a beginning and that white

next life Therefore, brides in Japan and China wear red in traditional wedding ceremonies.

White is also associated with death in India, where widows wear white Consequently, red or pink saris are the most popular colors for brides

What about black clothes?

Black symbolizes death and is the traditional color of mourning in Western cultures Black clothing is associated with powerful forces in many parts of the world Bad and good Witches, the devil, ninjas, cat burglars, Darth Vader, Cat Woman, and Batman wear black and so do priests, nuns, judges, mimes, Mennonites, Bedouins, and monks

Maybe the common thread is that these people are signaling their seriousness of purpose - or the need to be hard to see - or both

Here's something else to think about: What happens when the same people wear green? Are they as powerful? Are the priest and nun as respectable?

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 2.1 Here are the words/ phrases from the Reading Text above

Complete each sentence with the correct one

1 Amazingly, pink is considered a in some parts of the world Men wear it

2 The is very expensive

3 I don’t like red It is a

4 The kite is too to fly safely

5 Blue peace

6 In this country, people often wear black clothes in

7 Meanings of colors are different in different

Vocabulary Skills Suffixes

A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word to form a new word or to change

the grammatical function of the original word For example, the word read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix -er, read can be made into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able

Here are some common suffixes:

Exercise 2.2 Read the text and find out the words using suffixes below

Reading for Main Ideas

Exercise 2.3 Circle the best title for the reading text

1 Colors and what you wear

2 Colors and your personality

3 Colors and kids

Reading for Details

Exercise 2.4 Answer the following questions

1 What does the author compare clothes to?

Suffix Words from the text Part of Speech

2 What did people think about blue in the 20th century?

Reading Skills Getting Meaning from Context

The context of a word is a group of words, a sentence or group of sentences in which the word appears If you don’t know that word, you can use the context to help understand its meaning There are several ways in which the context gives you a clue

to work out the meanings of unfamiliar words

meaning of a word In the example below, a section far removed from the noise

and excitement of the busy city is the definition of a secluded part

Lady Alice chose for her residence a secluded part of the country, a section far removed from the noise and excitement of the busy city

 Synonym context clue: a synonym is a word that means the same as or nearly

the same as another word In the following example, the synonym pity helps the reader understand the meaning of compassion

After seeing the picture of the starving children, we all felt compassion or pity for their suffering

another word In the following example, the antonym "eager" helps the reader understand the meaning of "reluctant."

Joe was reluctant to take on the position of captain of the basketball team He was afraid that the time it would take would hurt his grades On the other hand, Billy was eager for the chance to be captain

reader understand the meaning of a word In the following example, descriptions of President Kennedy as having charm, enthusiasm help the reader

understand the meaning of charismatic

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, our 35th president, improved human rights and equal rights for all people He was a very charismatic president People were attracted to his charm and enthusiasm

type of visual to help the reader understand the meaning of a word

A hammer

The word hammer with an image as an illustration helps clarifying its meaning

Exercise 2.5 Read the following article Notice the words underlined and guess

their meanings based on their context

Blind Ambition

Erik Weihenmayer lost his vision when he was 13 years old He did not let being blind top him from learning how to ski, mountain bike, and climb mountains Erik became a professional athlete and continued his education He became an elementary school teacher He taught classes with up to 30 students in them His other accomplishments include climbing the tallest mountains in all seven continents He even climbed Mount Everest! He has inspired and guided blind Tibetan teenagers to 21,500 feet on Mount Everest Erik has also led both blind and sighted students on hikes through the Andes Erik must be well prepared and in good physical shape to achieve his ambitions He is also a motivational speaker who encourages others and is successful because he is not afraid of any challenge

Complete the conversation with words from the box Use each word only once

accomplishments

climbing

afraid encourage

ambition inspire

challenges professional

A Did you read the article on Erik Weihenmayer? Isn’t he a fascinating person?

B Yes, he really is! Imagine being blind and (1) a mountain!

A Even for people who can see, climbing a mountain is very difficult

B You know, I was really surprised to learn that he is also a teacher and a

(2) athlete

A People like Erik really (3) people all around the world Did you know

that he is not the only person with a disability who has done amazing things?

B Yes! I red about Helen Keller in school She was blind, deaf, and could not speak

Helen Keller became famous because of all the (4) she had in her lifetime

A Right! But people who have disabilities are not the only people who face

(5) We all have difficulties in our lives We face challenges at home, at work, at school, and in relationships

B I agree Do you think challenges are good for us?

A Yes, I do I think if a person is not (6) and has (7) then he

or she can overcome most of life’s challenges I believe that challenges make us stronger

B You are right! I think that people like Erik Weihenmayer and Helen Keller really

There’s and It’s

There’s is the contraction of There is

There’s a book on the table

There’s something I want to tell you

It’s is the contraction of It is

It’s sunny

It’s not good to do that

Exercise 2.13 Circle the correct choice in the following sentences

1 It’s/ There’s a boy in the garden

2 It’s/ There’s dark in the forest

3 I don’t like autumn because it’s/ there’s rainy

4 There’s/ It’s a cold day today

5 There’s/ It’s a beautiful garden in front of the house

6 On the corner of the street, there’s/ it’s a supermarket

7 It’s/ There’s a nice park near our house

Unstressed syllables

Vowels in stressed syllables are long and clear They are longer and louder than unstressed syllables, which are often reduced to a short sound called a schwa /ə/ It is the most common vowel sound

Company /'kʌmpəni/

About /ə'baut/

Thicker /θikə/

System /'sistəm/

Exercise 2.14 Listen to the following words and underlined the unstressed

syllables (Track 2.3)

Asking for and giving examples

Here are some expressions to ask for and to give examples

 Asking for examples

Give me an example of

Could you give us an example of

Can you provide an example of

Give some examples of

What examples do you have of

For example/ instance?

 Giving examples

For example/ instance,

Another example of

By way of illustration,

such as

is an example of

Exercise 2.15 Write one or more sentences that give examples for the following

general statements

1 There are many ways to keep fit

2 He can speak a lot of languages

3 There are several advantages to the Internet

4 You can study a number of courses in this college

5 There are different ways to solve traffic problems

In this assignment, you are going to describe key aspects of a building designed by your group members You should follow these steps:

A GATHER IDEAS

1 Decide the type of building Is it an apartment building or a house?

2 Choose the location for your building Is it in a city, a town, or the country?

C SPEAK

1 Use the outline in activity B to help you

2 Make sure that each person in the group takes part in the presentation

3 Give examples to help your audience understand more

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are used to join words or groups of words together The most common

ones are and, or, but

Conjunctions can be classified into following groupings

Jamie, Adam and Lee planned to meet at 7

He can’t sing but he can dance very well

only but also

She neither eats nor sleeps properly

The house is not only big but also nice

independent clause and the dependent clause: after, although, if, because, until,

when, where, whether

He didn’t go to work because he was ill

I will give her the book if I see her

Exercise 2.6 Fill in each blank with a conjunction given

1 .pink was thought to be a stronger color, it was best suited for boys

2 Blue was more delicate dainty for girls

3 Red pink saris are the most popular colors for brides

4 Most likely you feel good you wear your favorite color

5 black symbolizes death in Western cultures, it is associated with powerful forces in many parts of the world

6 .you see a young lady in violet, it is her, my mistress

7 People think pink is for girls, it isn’t always this way

Free Writing

Free writing is a good way to brainstorm ideas before you write In free writing, you write down all of your thoughts about a topic or a question It is a good strategy for many kinds of problem-solving, whether at work, in another class, or at home It helps you think freely and creatively Basic free writing follows these guidelines:

write

TOPIC: How do companies use color to advertise their products? Write about

companies that use color effectively

Companies and colors, Internet companies – Google uses lots of different colors

They are bright, happy colors eBay also uses many different bright colors Are they the same colors? Macy’s uses a red star in its advertisements I like the color red It’s a strong, exciting color Macy’s uses a red star in its advertisements I always think of the red star and Macy’s Sometimes I shop at Macy’s The red star is a good symbol It’s easy to remember and recognize

Exercise 2.7 Look at the photo Write whatever you think about it using words of

colors

In this assignment, you are going to write a color proposal for a business The goal of

a proposal is to gain support for a plan or a project

Follow these suggested steps in writing your proposal

1 State your purpose Do this clearly so that the reader knows immediately why you are writing

2 Give some background information about why you are proposing your suggestion

so that the reader has a better understanding of the problem

3 State a solution to the problem; this is where you give specifics about your suggestion

4 Continue with any costs that will be involved

5 Conclude by restating the problem and proposed solution

Business etiquette in other cultures

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 3.8 Here are some words from Listening Text Match the word (1-10)

with its definition (A-J)

is likely to offend or annoy people

rules of correct behavior

things or what is allowed

the social situation you are in, and showing that you are careful to consider other people’s needs and feelings

places

including a jacket with trousers or a skirt

Vocabulary Skills Synonyms

Synonym means a word with the same meaning as another word in the same

language

The synonym of “rude” is “impolite”

The synonyms of “intelligent” are “smart”, “clever”

Exercise 3.9 Look at the following groups of words Which word does not belong

in each group?

Listening for Main ideas

Exercise 3.10 Listen to three people describing business etiquette in their cities –

Sydney, London and New York – and answer the questions (Track 3.1)

In which city

Listening for Details

Exercise 3.11 Listen again, make notes and complete the table

Listening Skills Predicting

Predicting means to know or tell beforehand what will happen

In Listening, Predicting is very important It helps listeners guess what they are going

to hear or what will happen next Predicting can be done at pre-listening, listening and post-listening; any time when we need to guess what will happen next

while-In order to make a prediction, the listeners try to answer the questions related to the topic they are going to listen

When you are listening about tigers, you might ask questions like these:

What do I know about tigers?

What do they look like?

Where do they live?

Exercise 3.12 Listen to six short conversations How does the second person

reply in each situation? Predict the meanings of their replies by choose the

correct description in italics (Track 3.2)

1 John points out a mistake Jane apologizes/ doesn’t apologise for it

2 Jack invites Barbara to dinner Barbara accepts/refuses the invitation

3 John introduces Caroline Day to Barbara Barbara knows/ doesn’t know her

4 Jack asks if he is allowed to park in front of the office Jane says that he can/ can’t

5 Barbara gives Jane a gift Jane likes/ doesn’t like it

Etiquette

Read the texts and do the activities that follow

Text 1 Bad manners at work

Etiquette is the name we give to the rules for being polite in a social group Business

etiquette is important for people who often have to make new contacts and build

relationships in their work Politeness can also help to improve the working environment for people in the same office Some cultures and situations are formal,

which means that we have to follow rules; other cultures and situations are more

informal

Text 2 Office workers “admit being rude”

Most office workers say they are rude or bad-mannered at work Two out of three workers regularly arrive late for meetings, most ignore emails and three out of four use bad language In a survey of 1,000 workers, two-thirds say that pressure of work is the reason for bad manners

Other common examples of bad office etiquette include ignoring colleagues and answering mobile phone calls during meetings Using mobile phones in meetings is impolite and distracts others, research by the University of Surrey shows If you respond to call when speaking to somebody, it means that the phone call is more important than the person, the survey said If you answer a call during a meeting, it could mean that the meeting is not important

Mr Jacobs, managing director of Office Angels, a recruitment firm say it is easy for people to forget their manners in the working environment, which is often very informal and very busy Workers can forget proper etiquette such as introducing people at meetings, and this is often bad for working relationships

Psychologist Dr Colin Gill believes that people are not as polite as they were twenty years ago He said: ‘Courtesy is no longer something that is so much respected in our society.’ People think it is ‘stuffy to be polite or formal.’

Now some organisations are actually investing money in training their junior managers to be polite Office Angels is encouraging people to arrive on time for meetings, turn off mobile phones and avoid bad manners at work is such a simple thing to do,’ Mr Jacobs says, ‘ and it can have a dramatic impact on improving your

Vocabulary Building

Exercise 3.1 Fill the gaps with these words from the text

A recruitment firm gives this advice to new workers:

It is important to _1 time in your relationships with others at _2 Get to know the people who work near you: _3 _ yourself to them and tell them something about yourself If people ask for your help, always 4 positively Don’t _5 emails or phone calls just because you are busy If you make a mistake, it is better to _6 _ it and then apologise When things go wrong, stay calm and _7 shouting and using bad language Remember good 8 _ help to 9 your working _10 , and you will find you can enjoy your work more

Vocabulary Skills Prefixes

Prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its

Exercise 3.2 Add the following prefixes to the adjectives below to make words

with the opposite meaning Use a dictionary if necessary

Reading for Main Ideas

Exercise 3.3 Read the texts and circle the answer that best complete each

un- in- dis- im-

a reflect the fact of officer’s good manners at work with illustrations

b reflect the fact of officer’s bad manners at work with illustrations

c encourage officer’s bad manners at work

2 In paragraph 2, the author wants to ………

a give specific examples of bad manners at work

b give advice on how to behave politely at work

c give specific figures of bad manners at work

3 The purpose of some organisations who invest money in training their junior managers to be polite is to ………

a improve the working environment and relationships with others

b help them more famous

c spend all money they have

Reading for Details

Exercise 3.4 Read the texts and answer these questions

1 What reason do office workers give for their bad manners?

Reading Skills Identifying supporting details

Supporting details are statements which support your topic or theme; they help you

fully understand the main idea You support your main idea by explaining it,

facts, statistics and quotations) Supporting sentences come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph

You can determine supporting details by:

College students have a lot of homework

(This sentence talks about a general idea: homework.)

They often have to read several hundred textbook pages a week

(This sentence contains a specific idea: an example of homework.)

College students may also have to write several long papers each semester

(This sentence also contains a specific idea: another example of homework.)

Exercise 3.5 In the Reading Text, underline supporting details for the main ideas

below:

1 Etiquette is the name we give to the rules for being polite in a social group

2 Most office workers say they are rude or bad-mannered at work

3 Other common examples of bad office etiquette include ignoring colleagues and answering mobile phone calls during meetings

4 Psychologist Dr Colin Gill believes that people are not as polite as they were twenty years ago

5 Now some organisations are actually investing money in training their junior managers to be polite