information technology assignment unit internet of things

IoT operation integration and intelligence can help bias,machines, and software to collect and dissect mortal electronic traces as weinteract with intelligent effects, and also from whic

BTEC FPT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 1

UNIT: Internet of Things

STUDENT : Doan Xuan Duyen

CLASS : IT16101

STUDENT ID : BDAF200026

SUPERVISOR : TRUONG DANG HIEU

Danang, October 2022

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and

title Unit: Internet of Things

Submission date 04/10/2022

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Doan XuanDuyen Student ID BDAF200026Class IT16101 Assessor name Truong Dang HieuStudent declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understandthe con- sequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form ofmalpractice

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INTRODUCTION

Figure 1 IoT

1.2 History of IoT:

In 1982, the initial ideas for devices with Internet connection were born, startingwith small projects like a Coca-Cola water vending machine capable of reportinginventory and reporting the cold of items The new water bottle put into the machinestarted the concept, the idea of a network of smart devices, and was discussed

In 1999, the Internet of Things was defined by Kevin Ashton

In 2016, the Internet of Things made a strong step forward and gradually gained

its position in a new global technology trend, becoming a technology trend thanks tothe synthesis with other developing technologies such as embedded systems,distributed Real-time data analytics, AI, and wireless connectivity It can be said thatthis is a success thanks to many combined factors.

The current development, a great influence by the Covid-19 pandemic, makesthe adoption of IoT technologies accelerate rapidly According to a report by theState of IoT — Spring 2022 in May this year the number of global IoT connectionshas increased by 8% in 2021 to 12.2 billion active endpoints and is expected togrow by 18% to 14, 4 billion active connections by the end of the year

Figure 2 History of IoT

1.3 Characteristics of IoT:

a) Intelligence: IoT has a network of intelligent realities, they're able to organizing and operate collectively, depending on different situations andsurroundings, so that they can communicate with each other to changeinformation and data IoT operation integration and intelligence can help bias,machines, and software to collect and dissect mortal electronic traces as weinteract with intelligent effects, and also from which we can discover newknowledge related to mortal life and actions

tone-b) Dynamic Nature: IoT is a large number of links between devices, machines andservices together, in addition to IoT has the ability to add other new elements.The most important part of IoT is gathering data from its terrain, which is

achieved with the dynamic changes that take place around the bias The state ofthese biases changes stoutly like connected or dissociated In addition to theenvironment of bias including temperature, position, and speed and the number

of biases also changes stoutly with a person, place, and time

c) Enormous Scale: IoT is a network capable of holding 50 to 100 trillion connectedobjects, and this network can track the movement of each object The IoT cancollect a lot of data from each other, and especially there may be redundantlocation data, the processing of which is considered inefficient, becauseprocessing a large amount of data is not enough Data in time will be able torespond to the activities of other objects, and this is also a major challenge today.d) Connectivity: Connectivity entitles the internet of effects by bringing togethereveryday objects With everything in IoT bias and tackle, with detectors and otherelectronics and connected tackle and control systems there need to be aconnection between colorful situations It provides tackle availability and comity

in the effects with this connectivity, and new request openings for the intent ofeffects can be created by the networking of smart appliances

e) Security: IoT biases are vulnerable to security pitfalls There's a high position oftranslucency and sequestration issues with IoT For creating a security paradigm,it's important to secure the endpoints, networks, and data that are transferredacross all of them

f) Sensing: We can not imagine IoT without detectors that will descry or measureany changes in the terrain to induce data that can interact with the terrain Theseeing information is the analog input from the physical world, but it can give arich understanding of the complex world

g) Heterogeneity: IoT biases are grounded on different tackle platforms, andnetworks and can interact with other bias' platforms through different networks.IoT armature must support direct network connectivity between miscellaneousnetworks The demand for miscellaneous networks in IoT is scalability,modularity, extensibility, and interoperability

1.4 Why use IoT?

Just imagine, when you come home after a long tiring day, as soon as you enterthe house there will be music playing, hot water available in the hogshead, foodformerly checked in the cupboard, and a thousand other effects girding supportsyou automatically without causing negative feelings of your own relish IoT is really

an important advance for people's happiness and energy saving with the capability

to pierce information from anywhere, anytime on any device bettered connectionbetween electronic bias Transferring data packets over a connected network savestime and plutocrat Automating tasks improves the service quality of the businessand reduces the need for mortal intervention IoT allows you to automate andcontrol tasks performed on a daily basis Without human intervention, machines cancommunicate with each other to increase the speed and quality of products.Machine-to-machine communication helps maintain transparency in processes Italso creates uniformity in tasks or tasks It can also maintain service quality.Machine-to-machine interaction results in better efficiency and accurate results.Instead of wasting time repeating the same tasks every day, it allows people to doother creative work The obvious advantage of IoT is surveillance It knows theexact amount of supplies or air quality, and products in your home, and can also

provide additional information that you previously had trouble gathering Moreover,product expiration monitoring is likely to improve food safety in the best way.

Figure 4 IoT

1.5 Some applications of IoT:

Presently, IoT has numerous practical operations close to diurnal life

Energy and water use support monitoring of water and energy consumption togive advice on how to save costs and coffers

Remote control bias turns on and off the remote control to avoid accidents andsave energy Intrusion discovery systems descry windows and doors and intrusions

to help break-sways Preservation of goods and art monitoring conditions insidegalleries and art libraries Fall discovery helps the senior or impaired to live singly.Medicine closets cover the conditions inside the refrigerator that stores vaccines,medicines, and organics Athlete care examiner signs in at the care center

Case monitoring covers the condition of cases in the sanitarium and at theirhomes Ultraviolet radiation measures the quantum of the UV sun to advise peoplenot to sunbathe during certain hours

Automatic city monitoring of smart city helps to reduce accidents andautomatically issue tickets to violators while also reducing the workload for trafficpolice

The car drives automatically, the system will automatically drive to help the driverrest when traveling on long distances as an effective assistant, while alsominimizing accidents in situations where the driver is not alert.

Figure 5 Some applications of IoT

2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs

available for use in IoT development (P2)

There are some common sensors such as:

- Temperature sensor:

The temperature sensor is similar to a thermometer (mercury) Their digitalversion consists of an electronic integrated circuit (IC) combined with a

microcontroller and a superpower battery Usually, they are common in digitalthermostats, room heaters, microwave ovens, etc.

Figure 7 temperature sensor

- Motion sensor

The motion sensor is very sensitive and uses microwaves to detect displacementchanges in the surrounding environment, caused by moving objects Circuitstypically include a series of in-board motion sensors and micro-controllers We cansee this type of sensor in automatic lights

Figure 8 motion sensor

- Smoke sensor

Smoke detectors are commonly installed in hotels and many homes Usually,they use laser beams to detect dust in the air In all cases, they start an alarm once

the amount of dust detected reaches a certain level In addition to their use inlimiting smoking, these sensors are also used in consumer devices, industrial IoT,and smart buildings.

Figure 9 Smoke sensor

b) Network layer

Internet (network) gateways and data accession systems (DAS) appear in thissub caste The DAS performs the function of data aggregation and conversion(Gathering data and adding up data and also converting the detector's analog data

to digital data, ) Advanced anchorages substantially open the connection betweenSensor networks and the Internet and also perform numerous introductory functions,similar to Asanti - malware protection and filtering of some decision-makinggrounded on entered data and data operation services

Some current data transmission methods:

Nowadays BLE - Bluetooth Low Energy- or Bluetooth Smart is a significantlyused protocol for IoT operations More importantly, along with transmission distancelike Bluetooth, BLE is designed for much lower power consumption.

Figure 10 Bluetooth5

- Z- Wave

Z- Wave is a wireless communication standard over short distances andconsumes veritably little power Transmission capacity at 100kbit/ s, further thanenough for communication needs between bias in IoT, M2M systems The Z- Waveand Zigbee connectivity norms work on the same2.4 GHz frequency, and aredesigned with veritably low power consumption so can be used with mobile Legs.Zwave operates at lower frequentness compared to Zigbee/ wifi, fluctuates in thefrequency bands of 900Mhz, depending on regulations in different regions Z- Wavehas extremely low power consumption and an extremely high open platform.presently, Z- Wave is substantially applied in smart home operations In particular,each Z- Wave device in the system is a device that can both admit and broadcast,

so system stability is bettered

c) Data processing layer

Data processing is the process of assaying data sets to prize meaningfulperceptivity from them with the help of technical software and systems Thisperceptivity in the form of patterns, statistics, and trends can be used to help makeeffective opinions

The data processing subcaste is the processing unit of the IoT ecosystem Then,data is anatomized and reused before being transferred to the data center, wherethe data is penetrated by software operations generally known as businessoperations This is where data is tracked and managed

d) Application layer

The operation subcaste is the interface between the IoT device and the networkwith which it'll communicate It handles data formatting and donation and serves asthe ground between what the IoT device is doing and the network handoff of the data

it produces

This is the final subcaste of the 4 phases of the IoT armature Datacenter orpall( pall) is the operation stage where data is managed and used by end-stoneroperations similar to husbandry, healthcare, aerospace, husbandry, transnationalapartments, and other operations

2.2 Frameworks of IoT:

The IoT frameworks is what makes it possible for connected bias to have smoothcommunication over the Internet It's no wonder, also, that it's appertained to as theInternet of effects frame, or in other words, the frame that facilitates the commerce ofeffects (bias) over the Internet

The IoT frame is a veritably important element of technology in the ultramodernworld, chancing operation in nearly every sector For case, one of the majoroperations of the IoT is in the designing of smart homes

The IoT frame conception is also applied in the designing of different physicalobjects, similar as thermostats, electrical bias, security and alarm systems, as well asdealing machines, among numerous other objects

a) Hardware devices: Includes detectors, regulators, micro-controllers and otherresolving biases

b) Software operation: Engage in Text Activity to configure regulators andoperate them from the remote and do more

c) Communication platform: An unchangeable part of the IoT in which allcommunication takes place

d) Cloud Apps: The writing activity links the original settlement bias and thegrounded bias

Some top frameworks of IoT

- KAA IoT

Figure 12 KAA IoT

Kaa IoT pall platform is one the most effective and rich open-source Internet ofeffects cloud platforms where anyone has a free way to materialize their smart

product generalities On this platform, you can manage an unlimited number ofconnected biases with cross-device interoperability.

2.3 Describe how Arduino/Raspberry Pi board and end device

Arduino is a microcontroller board designed and first released in 2005 Arduinocircuits are used to recognize and control many different objects It can perform manytasks taking signals from detectors to control lights, motors and many other objects

In addition, the circuit also has the ability to link with a multitude of different modulessimilar to the charm card collection module, protected ethernet, sim900A to increasethe connectivity of the circuit Settlement includes open source circuit board design

on AVR Atmel 8bit, or ARM, Atmel 32-bit, currently, there are 6 performances ofArduino solver, but the most commonly used performances are Arduino Uno andArduino Mega

a) Advantages

Ready to use The biggest advantage of Arduino is that it can be used right down.Since Arduino is a complete set of 5V power force, a burner, an oscillator, amicrocontroller, periodical communication, LEDs, and jacks You do not have tosuppose about programming connections or any other interfaces Just plug it into