LOW BACK PAIN Edited by Ali Asghar Norasteh Low Back Pain Edited by Ali Asghar Norasteh Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Romana Vukelic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published May, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Low Back Pain, Edited by Ali Asghar Norasteh p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0599-2 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Basic Science and Evaluation 1 Chapter 1 Epidemiology 3 Akira Minematsu Chapter 2 The Treatment of Low Back Pain and Scientific Evidence 33 E. Latorre Marques Chapter 3 Estimation of Prognosis in Non Specific Low Back Pain from Biopsychosocial Perspectives 71 J. Nicholas Penney Chapter 4 Occupational and Environmental Risk Factors for Development of Low Back Pain in Hospital Nursing Personnel 87 Jadranka Stričević, Zvone Balantič, Zmago Turk, Dušan Čelan and Majda Pajnkihar Chapter 5 Low Back Pain in Female Caregivers in Nursing Homes 103 Hiroharu Kamioka and Takuya Honda Chapter 6 The Use of Event-Related Potentials in Chronic Back Pain Patients 117 Carine Vossen, Helen Vossen, Wiesje van de Wetering, Marco Marcus, Jim van Os and Richel Lousberg Chapter 7 Muscular Performance Assessment of Trunk Extensors: A Critical Appraisal of the Literature 141 Christophe Demoulin, Stéphanie Grosdent, Rob Smeets, Jeanine Verbunt, Boris Jidovtseff, Geneviève Mahieu, Jean-Michel Crielaard and Marc Vanderthommen VI Contents Section 2 Treatment Approach 167 Chapter 8 Physiotherapy Treatment on Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain 169 A.I. Cuesta-Vargas, M. González-Sánchez, M.T. Labajos-Manzanares and A. Galán-Mercant Chapter 9 Conservative Management of Low Back Pain 199 Marcia Miller Spoto Chapter 10 Therapeutic Exercises in the Management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain 225 Johnson Olubusola Esther Chapter 11 Exercises in Low Back Pain 247 Krzysztof Radziszewski Chapter 12 Stabilization Exercise for the Management of Low Back Pain 261 A. Luque-Suárez, E. Díaz-Mohedo, I. Medina-Porqueres and T. Ponce-García Chapter 13 Conservative Management for Patients with Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction 293 Kyndall Boyle Chapter 14 Yoga as a Treatment for Low Back Pain: A Review of the Literature 333 Erik J. Groessl, Marisa Sklar and Douglas Chang Preface Low back pain remains an almost universal condition in all countries and societies. The improvements in public health and in the quality and accuracy of the information available to the general public have ensured a better understanding of how this disabling condition can be effectively managed and treated. A team approach involving patients, health care providers, employers, and payors all working together is needed to alter the course of distressing or disabling back. This book includes two sections. Section one is about basic science, epidemiology, risk factors and evaluation, section two is about clinical science especially different approach in exercise therapy. I envisage that this book will provide helpful information and guidance for all those practitioners involved with managing people with back pain-physiotherapists, osteopaths, chiropractors and doctors of orthopedics, rheumatology, rehabilitation and manual medicine. Likewise for students of movement and those who are involved in re-educating movement-exercise physiologists, Pilates and yoga teachers, and so on. I wish to thank the authors who have worked hard to provide an up-to-date description of LBP. If we have succeeded, the credit belongs to this group of dedicated professionals. A.A. Norasteh, PhD P.T Associate Professor Physical Therapy University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. Iran . Non-Specific Low Back Pain 225 Johnson Olubusola Esther Chapter 11 Exercises in Low Back Pain 247 Krzysztof Radziszewski Chapter 12 Stabilization Exercise for the Management of Low Back Pain 261. Minematsu Chapter 2 The Treatment of Low Back Pain and Scientific Evidence 33 E. Latorre Marques Chapter 3 Estimation of Prognosis in Non Specific Low Back Pain from Biopsychosocial Perspectives. Factors for Development of Low Back Pain in Hospital Nursing Personnel 87 Jadranka Stričević, Zvone Balantič, Zmago Turk, Dušan Čelan and Majda Pajnkihar Chapter 5 Low Back Pain in Female Caregivers