an analysic of the suggested translation of chapters 6 from the report climate action and support trends by united nations secretariat 2019

This paper is a suggested translation of chapter 6 from the report “Climate Action and Support Trends” by United Nations Secretariat.. 1.1.1.1 Full vs Partial Translation1.1.1.2 Total vs

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGLISH

GRADUATION THESIS VO NGUYEN THIEN THANH

AN ANALYSIC OF THE SUGGESTEDTRANSLATION OF CHAPTERS 6 FROM THE REPORT

“CLIMATE ACTION AND SUPPORT TRENDS” BYUNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT, 2019

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGLISH

GRADUATION THESIS

VO NGUYEN THIEN THANH

AN ANALYSIC OF THE SUGGESTEDTRANSLATION OF CHAPTERS 6 FROM THEREPORT “CLIMATE ACTION AND SUPPORTTRENDS” BY UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT,2019

During 4 years of studying at Duy Tan University, with the guidance and dedicated help of the teachers of Duy Tan University in general and the Faculty of Foreign Languages in particular, the cooperation of friends and colleagues help me during my internship as well as with my graduation homework I have received a lot of valuable experience and a solid foundation after four years.

First of all, I would like to express my deep thanks to M.A Le Thi Oanh for her enthusiastic guidance in the process of writing the internship report as well as when completing the graduation exam During the time when I started to sit on a university lecture, I received a lot of attention and help from teachers, family and friends With the deepest gratitude, I would like to send to the teachers in the Foreign Language Department of Duy Tan University the knowledge and enthusiasm that have imparted valuable knowledge to us throughout the time study at school Without the guidance and guidance of the teachers, I think this harvest of mine is very difficult to complete.

Given a student's limited time and experience, this report cannot avoid its shortcomings I look forward to receiving the instructions and suggestions from the teachers so that I have more conditions to raise my awareness.

Finally, I would like to wish all teachers good health and success in noble human cultivation.

Best regards,

Vo Nguyen Thanh Thanh

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP

Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis.

This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution.

Da nang, December 2021

Vo Nguyen Thien Thanh

This paper is a suggested translation of chapter 6 from the report “Climate Action and Support Trends” by United Nations Secretariat First, the author gives a general introduction to the reasons for choosing the topic, then translate the English version into Vietnamese one Next, the author analyzes the vocabulary and complicated structures of the suggested translation version The difficulties in the translation process are found out, and some essential solutions are suggested at the end of the graduation paper.

ABBREVIATIONS

1.1.1.1 Full vs Partial Translation1.1.1.2 Total vs Restricted Translation1.1.1.3 Phonological Translation1.1.1.4 Graphological Translation1.1.1.5 Transliteration 1.1.1.6 Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation1.2 METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATION 8

1.2.3.1 Basic Sentence Patterns 1.2.3.2 The Rule of Proximity 1.2.3.3 The Rule of Parallelism1.2.3.4 The Rule of Conjunctions of Coordinating Form1.2.3.5 The Rule and Correlative Conjunctions CHAPTER 2 SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 16

2.1 Original Version and Suggested Version 16

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS 25

3.1 Vocabulary 25

3.1.1 Words with multi-meaning 25 3.1.2 Word with no appropriate in dictionary

3.2.4.1 Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RETIONALE

To be a student of Foreign Languages Department of Duy Tan University, the most important of thing that you need is a steady foundation of translation as well as with passion heart about your major I always realize that nowadays, the need of interpretation and translation is getting more and more numerous, especially in the field of tourism which need more quality human resources as well as talented people Moreover, a translator is required not only to be good at the field of translating but also to deeply understand why he/she translates like that

From my experience I think that the key skills of the translator are the ability to understand the source language and the culture of the country where the text originated, then using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials, to render that material clearly and accurately into the target language Morever, a skilled translator knows the importance of understanding the intent of an author; such knowledge affects many translation decisions Nowadays, there are many documents and book about the culture and music of the UK These materials are intended to help readers to better understand the culture and music of the UK So, I decided to choose to translate the Musical Travels Through England report so that everyone can better understand this document Besides, learn more about a foreign music scene

1.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1.2.1 AIMS

- To show my ability in translating a document

- To have skills to analyze difficult points or something that is easy to make misunderstand

1.2.2 OBJECTIVES

- To translate text smoothly and naturally

- To analyze complicated words, phrases, structures, contexts, etc - To give some implications and solutions for teaching and learning

English, especially translation.

1.3SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Understanding the Earth's changing climate, and its consequences, is a scientific challenge of enormous importance to society Climate action and support trends is a monthly journal dedicated to publishing the most significant and cutting-edge research on the nature, underlying causes or impacts of global climate change and its implications for the economy, policy and the world at large.

In addition to publishing original research, climate action and support trends provides a forum for discussion among leading experts through the publication of opinion, analysis and review articles It also highlights the most important developments in the field through Research Highlights and publishes original reporting from renowned science journalists in the form of feature articles Especially, discussion about climate action and I also analyze this theme However, within the scope of the paper and due to time limitation, this paper only focuses on some middle parts of the chapter 6 with 3,700 words.

1.3.1 Text Features

The chapter that I choose to translate is chapter 6 “climate support” This chapter provides a lot of basic information about climate action and support trends This report provides an overview of the action taken by governments to address climate change in response to UNFCCC mandates and details the status of climate action and relevant support provided and received.

1.3.2 Text Length

This report includes 7 chapters with 32 pages, but the time is limited so I have translated only some middle parts in the chapter 5 with 3,700 words in length The name of chapter 6 is “Climate support”.

1.3.3 Text Organization

The study includes three main parts:

PART A INTRODUCTION including rationale, aims and–

objectives, scope of the study, text features, text length and text organization.

Part B – THE DEVELOPMENT encompasses

CHAPTER 1 is the theoretical background about translation

CHAPTER 2 is original version (first 25 pages) of chapters 1 to 5 of the book “MUSICAL TRAVELS THROUGH ENGLAND” followed by my suggested translation.

CHAPTER 3 contains the analysis of some typical difficult words, idioms, phrases and structures CHAPTER 5 consists of difficulties which I encounter and solutions which help me overcome these difficuties PART C – THE CONCLUSION:

This section will be a summary of the results and experiences that I have gained through this graduate paper and some suggestions that I would like to send to my university and faculty

1.3.4 Text Source

The report “Climate action and support trends” This publication is issued for public information purposes and is not an official text of the Convention in any legal or technical sense.

Based on national reports submitted to the UNFCCC secretariat under the current reporting framework.

We can read it online at:

1.4 Method of the Study

Over the past four years, being a student of Foreign Language Department and studying translation, I was equipped with many skills or techniques for translation

This graduation paper was carried out with view to help learners enlarge their vocabulary and have general understanding about translation and translation of educational terms.

PART B: DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 DEFINITION

Translation is a mental activity in which a meaning of given linguistic discourse is rendered from one language to another It is the act of transfering the linguistic entities from one language into their equivalents into another language.

The theory of translation is concerned with a certain type of relation between languages and is consequently a branch of Comparative Linguistic Translation equivalences can be set up and translations performed between any pair of languages or dialects – “related” or “unrelated” and with any kind of spatial, temporal, social or other relationship between them Some professor defined it as follows

According to Foster [3], “translation is an act through which the content of a text is transferred from the SL into the TL.”

Toward Peter Newmark [4], he though that “translation is process of transferring a message from this language into another language in the way the author intended the text.”

Alan Duff [2] believed that “translation is reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of a message of the SL, first in term of meaning and second in term of style.”

In the intervening time, J C Catford [1] said “that translation is a replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”

1.1.1 Types of Categories

Types of categories of translation may be defined in terms of extent, levels, rank of translation

As stated by J C Catford (1965:20) there are eight methods of translation, namely full vs partial translation, total vs restricted translation, phonological translation, graphological translation and free, literal, and word- for- word translation However, my graduation paper used some types among of them.

1.1.1.1Full vs Partial Translation

This distinction base on extent of SL text.

According to Catford [1], he believed that “in a full translation, the entire text is submitted to the translation process, that is very part of the SL is replaced by the TL material.”

Example: I will go to Thailand in next year Tôi sẽ đi Thái Lan vào năm tới.

Cited by Catford [1] as “In a partial translation, some part or parts of the SL are left untranslated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL.”

Example: What a beautiful sunglasses you have! Cặp kính mát trông thật đẹp!

1.1.1.2Total vs Restricted Translation

This notions base on level of language.

Total Translation may best define by Catford [1] as: “replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology/graphology.”

Example: Nothing is impossible Không gì là không thể

According to Catford [1], “restricted translation is replacement of SL material by equivalent TL at only one level That is translation perfomed only at the phonological or at the graphonogical level, or at one of the two levels of grammar and lexis.”

Example: Thailand Thái Lan

1.1.1.3 Phonological Translation

In this translation, phonological is “restricted translation in which the SL phonology of a text is replaced with equivalent TL one, but there are hardly other important replacements.”

Example: Indonesia In-đô-nê-xia

1.1.1.4 Graphological Translation

According to Nguyen Manh Quang [5], in graphological translation, “SL graphology is replaced with equivalent target one without other considerable replacements.”

Example: zero dê rô

1.1.1.5 Transliteration

This is a complex process involving phonological translation with the addition of phonology- graphology correlation at both ends of the process, i.e in source and TL First, SL graphological units are replace with corresponding SL phonological units are replaced with corresponding TL graphological units.

Example: Carbon dioxide carbon dioxit

Berlin Béc-lin

1.1.1.6 Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation

A “free” translation is always unbounded while “word-for-word” translation generally means what it says “Literal” translation lies between these extremes It may start from a “word-for-word” translation, but changes in conformity with TL grammar (inserting additional words, changing structures, etc) This may make it a group-group or clause-clause translation.

Example: This programe is sponsored by Vinamilk Chương trình này do hãng Vinamilk tài trợ (Literal) Example: That guy is as poor as a church mouse.

Anh ta nghèo như con chuột ở nhà thờ (Word-for-word) Anh ta nghèo rớt mồng tơi (Free Translation)

1.2 METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATION1.2.1 Methods of Translation

There are eight methodologies translation Peter Newmark [4] lists the following translation methods, which essentially fall along a cline of focus, one extreme being total focus on the source text/language and the other extreme being total focus on the target text/language When translating, we not just use one method of translation; it should be use flexibly each other.

1.2.1.1Word-for-word Translation

This is often demonstrated as interlinear translating with the TL immediately below the SL words “The SL word order is preserved, and the words are translated by their most common meanings, out of context Cultural words are translated litterally The main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the SL or to construct a difficult text as a pre-translation process”, said Peter Newmark [4].

Example: Anna was presented by her best friend Anna được nhận quà bởi bạn thân của cô ấy.

1.2.1.2Literal Translation

“The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivaents but the lexical items are again translated out of context As pre-translation process, it indicates problems to be solved”, explained by Peter Newmark [4].

Example: This flower was planted few weeks ago Bông hoa này được trồng vài tuần trước.

1.2.1.3Faithful Translation

“A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original meaning within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It “transfers” cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical “abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to intentions and the text realization of the SL writer”, according to Newmark [4].

Example: He was a tall as a giraffe Anh ấy cao như một con hươu cao cổ

1.2.1.4Semantic Translation

“This method must pay more attention to aesthetic value (that is, the beautiful and natural sound) of the SL text, compromising on “meaning” where appreciate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version Furthermore, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents and it may make other small concessions to the relationship.”, cited by Newmark [4].

Example: There is a fierce dog in the house.

Nhà có chó dữ

This is the freest form of translation, used mainly for plays (comdies) and poetry The themes, characters, plots are usually preversed, the SL culture is coverted to TL one and the text is rewritten by Newmark [4]

Example: May and December Gái tơ mà lấy chồng già

1.2.1.6Free Translation

“This method reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually, it is a paraphrase much longer the the original, a so-called “intra-lingual translation”, often prolix, pretentious, and seemingly non-translated at all”, according to Peter Newmark [4]

Example: Good job! Làm tốt lắm!

1.2.1.7Idiomatic Translation

This notion may best defined by Peter Newmark [4] as: “This produces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.”

Example: Man proposes, God disposes Mưu sự tại nhân, hành sự tại thiên

1.2.1.8Communicative Translation

This method attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and

comprehensible to the readership This translation is rather often news on radio or in newspaper Sometimes communicative and semantic translation may coincide with each other

Example: If you want to be successful, you should take risk sometimes, Nếu muốn thành công, đừng ngại mạo hiểm.

1.2.2 Principles of Translation

Below are some general principles which are relevant to all translation.

1.2.2.1Meaning

The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of original text.Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though accasionally part of meaning can be “transpose”.

Example: If I were you, I would say sorry Tôi sẽ nói xin lỗi nếu tôi là bạn.

1.2.2.2 Form

The oder of words and ideas in the translation should match that in the original as closely as possible This is particularly in the form and order of words In English, emphasis or main stress can be obtained through inversion

of word and using different structures.

Example: She works not only quickly but also efficiently Cô ấy không chỉ làm việc nhanh mà còn hiệu quả nữa.

1.2.2.3 Register

Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.

Example: Ladies and Gentlemen, smoking is not allowed here! Các quý ông, quý bà vui lòng không hút thuốc ở đây!

1.2.2.4 Source language influence

That the translation does not sound natural is one of the most common problems because the translator’s thoughts and choice of words are too strongly moulded by original text The translator had better set the text aside and translate a few sentences aloud from memory to get the natural patterns.

1.2.2.5 Idioms

Idiomatic expressions including similes, metaphors, proverbs and saying, jargon, slang and colloquialisms and phrasal verbs are often untranslatable.

Example: James has a few skeletons in his cupboard and is terrified that he will be found out.

James có vài bí mật đen tối (xì căng đan bí mật) và anh sợ hãi rằng ngày nào đó sẽ bị phát hiện

1.2.2.6 Style and Clarity

It will be better if the translator does not change the style of the original But if it is needed, for example because the text is full of repetitions or mistakes in writing, the translator may change it.

Example: How nice the weather is! Thời tiết mới đẹp làm sao!

1.2.3 Rules of translation

To have a good translated version, translator should master many theories Beside types of categories, methods and principles of translation, it is also important to understand and practice rules of translation Basing on “Translation Theory”-Nguyen Manh Quang [5], we have some following rules

1.2.3.1Basic Sentences Patterns

Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a pedicate The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about, while predicate tells something about the subject.

1.2.3.2The Rule of Proximity

“Proximity” means “Nearness” in English When modifying any item of language, the Modifier must be placed closely to that item even though the Modifier is a single word, a phrase (P-group/ V-ing(ed) group/ Inf-group), or a clause.

Example: John only punched Peter in the face.

Note: In English, mistakes caused by incorrectly placing the position of modifies are called misplaced modifies.

1.2.3.3The Rule of Parallesism

The speech elements of the same grammatical function must be performed in an only similar structural form.

Similar structural form may be a single word, a P-group, V-ing/ed group, Inf-group, or a S-group (clause).

More specifically, when sentence elements have the same grammatical function, a Noun must be parallel to Noun, an Adjective parallel to an Adjective.

Example: Anna likes shopping, dacing, travelling.1.2.3.4The Rule of Conjunctions of Coordinating Form

The rule of parallelism is strictly used when we are expressing a series of similar ideas in which we have to use conjunctions “AND” and “OR”.

Example: My sister sings and dances beautifully.

1.2.3.5The Rule and Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are those such as BOTH…AND, EITHER…OR, NEITHER…NOR, NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO, etc…

Example: She is both intelligent and beautiful.

Hieu is not only intelligent, but also very handsome.

CHAPTER 2: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION

6 Climate support.

[1] Support for and cooperation on climate action are central to achieving mitigation and adaptation objectives and increasing ambition as countries face more and more political, technical, socioeconomic and other barriers.

6 Sự hỗ trợ khí hậu.

[1] Hỗ trợ và hợp tác về hành động ứng phó khí hậu là trọng tâm để hoàn thành các mục tiêu giảm nhẹ và giúp thích ứng cũng như gia tăng các tham vọng khi các quốc gia ngày càng phải đối mặt với nhiều rào cản về chính trị, kỹ thuật, kinh tế xã hội và các rào cản khác.

6.1 Finance

6.1.1 Arrangements and mechanisms [2] The Financial Mechanism of the Convention comprises two operating entities: the GEF, in place since the Convention’s entry into force, and the GCF, established in 2010 (at COP 16) Three funds were established at COP 7: the SCCF and the LDCF, both managed by the GEF, and the AF, established and operating under the Kyoto Protocol COP 16 established the SCF to assist the COP in exercising its functions in relation to the Financial Mechanism.

6.1 Tài chính 6.1.1 Cơ chế và sắp xếp

[2] Cơ chế tài chính của Công ước bao gồm hai thực thể hoạt động: GEF, được áp dụng kể từ khi Công ước có hiệu lực và GCF, được thành lập vào năm 2010 (tại COP 16) Có ba quỹ đã được thành lập tại COP 7: SCCF và LDCF, cả hai đều được quản lí bởi GEF và AF, được thành lập và hoạt động theo Nghị định thư Kyoto COP 16 đã thành lập SCF để hỗ trợ COP thực hiện các chức năng của mình liên quan đến Cơ chế tài chính.

[3] An innovation of the Paris Agreement is that it encourages voluntary contributions from Parties

[3] Một điểm đổi mới trong Thỏa thuận Paris là nó khuyến khích sự tự nguyện đóng góp của các Bên quốc gia khác

other than developed countries Developing countries access finance from funds operating under the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol through accredited entities.

nhau hơn các nước phát triển Còn các quốc gia đang phát triển thì tiếp cận nguồn tài chính từ các quỹ hoạt động theo Công ước và Nghị định thư Kyoto thông qua các tổ chức được công nhận [4] At COP 16, developed country

Parties, in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, committed to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries In 2015, COP 21 decided that developed country Parties should continue their existing collective mobilization goal through to 2025 It also decided that, prior to 2025, the CMA shall set a new collective quantified goal from the floor of USD 100 billion per year, taking into account the needs and priorities of developing countries The CMA decided to initiate deliberations on this matter at CMA 3.

[4] Tại COP 16, các quốc gia phát triển, trong bối cảnh thực hiện các hành động giảm thiểu có ý nghĩa và minh bạch hóa việc thực hiện, đã cam kết thực hiện mục tiêu huy động chung 100 tỷ USD trong năm 2020 để giải quyết nhu cầu của các quốc gia phát triển Vào năm 2015, COP 21 quyết định các phát triển nên tiếp tục mục tiêu huy động tập thể hiện có của họ đến năm 2025 Nó cũng quyết định rằng, trước năm 2025, CMA sẽ đưa ra một mục tiêu mới đó là xác định số lượng từ mức sàn 100 tỷ USD mỗi năm, lấy có tính đến các nhu cầu và ưu tiên của các quốc gia đang phát triển CMA đã quyết định bắt đầu thảo luận về vấn đề này tại CMA 3.

[5] Climate finance efforts under the Paris Agreement are guided by the long-term goal in its Article 2, paragraph 2(c), of making financial flows consistent with a pathway towards low GHG emissions and climate-resilient development Article 9, paragraph 3, of the Paris

[5] Các nỗ lực tài chính về khí hậu theo Thỏa thuận Paris được hướng dẫn bởi mục tiêu dài hạn trong Điều 2, đoạn 2