Wordly wise 10

Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition Kenneth Hodkinson + Sandra Adams + Erika Hodkinson EDUCATORS PUBLISHING SERVICE Cambridge and Toronto Editorial team: Carolyn Daniels, Marie Sweetman, Erika Wentworth Cover Design: Deborah Rodman, Karen Swyers Interior Design: Deborah Rodman Vocabulary Extension Illustrations: Chris Murphy ©2018 by School Specialty, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the publisher Printed in Benton Harbor, MI, in June 2017 ISBN 978-0-8388-7710-4 12 5 PPG3 21 24 019 18 17 Contents Lesson 1 81 Lesson 13 139 Clown College Leading the Way 146 Lesson 2 1 Lesson 14 150 Gustave Eiffel's Tower 9 Eye in the Sky 157 Lesson 3 B Lesson 15 161 Yoshiko Uchida: Mandela and the End Second-Class Citizen? 30 of Apartheid 167 Lesson 4 34 Lesson 16 m A Most Valuable Person a Would You Like ItWrapped? 179 Lessons 1-4 Review 45 Review for Lessons 13-16 183 Lesson § 4 Lesson 17 186 A Vanishing Species 5 The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League 193 Lesson 6 37 A Career in the Linen Industry 6 Lesson 18 197 The Violins of Cremona 204 Lesson 7 67 AGenius of the South 1⁄4 Lesson 18 208 Wilma Mankiller, Chief of Lesson 8 79 the Cherokee 215 North to Alaska %6 Lesson 20 220 Review for Lessons 5-8 $0 Too Good to Be True 227 Lesson 9 9 Review for Lessons 17-20 BI Human-Powered Flight 100 Pronunciation Key 232 Lesson 10 105 The Sweet Smell of Success m2 Lesson 11 16 Boiled, Baked, Mashed, or French Fried? 13 Lesson 12 127 AWitness 134 Review for Lessons 9-12 138 Welcome to Wordly Wise 3000° You've been learning words all your life At first, you learned them only by hearing other people talk As you became a reader, you acquired another way to learn words, and you're still learning them Obviously, it's important to know what words mean Your studies so far in school have proven that time and time again We might be tempted to skip words we don't know—particularly difficult words—when we see them in textbooks But this affects how well we understand what we read And after all, the goal of all reading—whether in books we read for pleasure, textbooks, or online—is comprehension Read this sentence from a job application: All applicants are required to have an up-to-date catalipan if they wish to be considered for the position You can probably read and understand every word in the sentence except catalipan, because it’s a nonsense word You might say, “Well, it’s only ‘one word.” Butif it were a real word, you would have no idea of what up-to-date item you need This would not be a good idea if you were applying for the job Clearly, the more words you know, the better your understanding of everything you read Wordly Wise 3000 will help you learn many words, but it can't teach you all the words you'll ever need It can, however, help guide your learning of new words on your own How Do You Learn Word Meanings? There are two main ways you learn what words mean: indirectly and directly You learn word meanings indirectly by hearing and reading the words In fact, the more you listen and read, the more words you'll learn Reading books, magazines, and online can help build your vocabulary But you also have to learn some words directly You may study them for a class, look them up in a dictionary or glossary, or ask someone what they mean At school, you learn alot of words directly Since you are using this book, you are learning words directly You are reading the words, learning what they mean, and studying them Then you are practicing them as you do the activities Finally, you might even use them in your own writing or conversations There is an old saying: "Use aword three times and it’s yours.” Three times might not be enough, of course, but the idea is right The more you practice using a word, the better you understand it What Is “School Language”? School language refers to the vocabulary you find in the books you read, from novels to textbooks, and on tests You read them online as you look up information Your teacher uses these words to explain a math or reading concept Some have to do with a particular topic, such as the Hubble Telescope, for example Others are important academic terms, such as hypothesis No matter how much you talk casually with friends and watch television or movies, you will not hear enough of this type of school language to learn the words you need to know That's why you often need to study such words directly In this book, these important words are underlined to help you focus on them Wordly Wise 3000 is designed to teach you some of these words you need to do well in school Many of the words in Wordly Wise 3000 are those you will find on college entrance tests, such as the SAT and ACT, on state tests, and on tests required for high school graduation Wordly Wise 3000 will also help you learn how to learn more words Remember, there is no single thing that will help you comprehend what you read as much as knowing word meanings will How Do You Figure Out Word Meanings? What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don’t know what it means? Say It First, say it to yourself Maybe once you do this, it will sound like a word you do know Sometimes you know a word in your head without knowing what it looks like in print So if you match up what you know and what you read—you have the word! Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 v Use Context If this doesn’t work, take the next step: look at the context of the word—the other words and sentences around it Sometimes these can give you a clue to the word’s meaning Here's an example: Will and Karen spent the night dealing with the odoriferous creature Say that you don't know what odoriferous means, What kind of creature did Will and Karen have to deal with? A monster? An insect? Then you read on: Their dog, Dickens, had been sprayed by a skunk as he went out for his nighttime walk They spent the next hour bathing the poor animal in tomato juice to get ride of the smell Now you see that the odoriferous creature is a dog that has been sprayed by a skunk—as you know, an animal that spraysa terrible-smelling substance when frightened You reread the sentence using that meaning Yes, that works In this sentence, odoriferous means “giving off a foul odor.” Use Word Parts Does it have any can help you figure If the context doesn’t help, look at the parts of the word prefixes you know? How about suffixes? Or roots? These out what it means Read this sentence: Kareem Abdul Jabbar was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995 If you don’t know the meaning of inducted, try looking at parts of the word In- isa prefix that means"in" or “into.” The root duc or duct comes from the Latin word ducere, meaning “to lead.” Finally, you know that the -ed suffix indicates that the word is in the past tense So you put it together and figure out that inducted means “led or brought into.” That makes perfect sense in this sentence Look It Up If saying the word or using context and word parts don’t work, you can look it up ina dictionary—either a book or online reference—or a glossary Nobody knows the meaning of every word, but good readers know how to use these strategies to figure out words they don’t know Get into the habit of using them as you read, and you may be surprised at how automatic it becomes vi How Well Do You Know a Word? It’s important to know many words and to keep on learning more But it's also important to know them well In fact, some experts say that there are four levels of knowing a word: 1 never saw/heard it before it means 2.1've heard/seen it, but | don’t know what 3.1 think it has something to do with 4.1 know it* Just because you can read a word and have memorized its definition, it doesn’t mean that you know that word well, or deeply You want to know it so well that you know when to use it and when to use another word instead One way to help deepen your knowledge of a word is to use a graphic organizer like the one below that tells about the word promontory Concept of Definition Map If you can fill in all the parts of this graphic organizer, you are well on your way to really knowing the word promontory "Dale, E., & O'Rourke, J (1986) Vocabulary Building Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser Wordly Wise 3000+ Book 10 vii asperity Study the definitions of the words Then do the exercises that follow asper’ até 1 1, Sharpness or harshness of manner There was a noticeable asperity in her voice as she scolded the children for bane teasing Andrea 2 Roughnesosf surface; unevenness ban Running my fingers over the new countertop, | detected a certain asperity 1, Aperson or thing that destroys or causes harm buffoon Juanita’ little brother was the bane of our slumber party ba foon" baneful adj Causing destruction or ruin doleful Hitler's baneful rule ended with his death in 1945 dol’ fal 1, Aperson who often makes attempts to be funny; a clown; a fool Although he acted like a buffoon at parties, Matt was usually rather serious extrovert eks’ tra vurt adj Mournful or full of sorrow; causing grief The doleful look on her face told me she had not gotten the grant to go to the summer program n Aperson whose attention is focused on others and on what is going on around her or him, rather than on her or his own feelings Rachit is an extrovert now, but he was rather shy as a young child extroverted adj Because she is so extroverted, she loves to perform in front of a large crowd garish adj Excessively bright and flashy; tastelessly glaring 431vDN1dNG LON 00- Iss © | told Li that his tie was too garish to wear to a job interview 1 Agroup or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to imbue highest im byoo’ In the state government hierarchy, the governor is at the top PS Tell instigate v To fill completely with a feeling or idea; to inspire The really great athletes are imbued with a desire to excel in’ stagat Share with your partner a moment this week when you were imbued with happiness v To stir up or urge on; to provoke Because Sabina was jealous of Dara's friendship with Taisha, she instigated an argument between them Wordly Wise 3000+ Book 10 1 penchant n Astrong attraction or leaning pen’ chant Mae's parents shared a penchant for crossword puzzles and made a ritual of doing them peace every Sunday morning @ 2 Talk to your partner about something you have a penchant for doing, and explain why you like rambunctious itso much ram bunk’ shas adj, Behaving in a wild and unruly manner repertoire When the puppies get too rambunctious in their play, the trainer separates them rep’ ar twar n The list of pieces an actor, musician, etc., is ready to perform; the skills or rudiment accomplishments of a person or group The band knew most of the requests, but several songs were not part of its repertoire 100" da mant 1 (usually plural) 1 A basic principle or skill 22 This book teaches the rudiments of cooking, but it will not make you a master chef undermine 2 An undeveloped or beginning stage un’ dar min The rudiments of the clubs plan to raise money seemed promising until we realized how @ unrealistic they were ae Chat with your partner about what you think the rudiments of polite behavior are unremitting v 1.To weaken or ruin by degrees His habit of staying up all night seriously undermined his health un ré mit’ in 2 To attack by indirect, secret, or underhanded means @ During World War Il, the French underground sought to undermine the Nazi occupation se Tell your partner about how you might react if someone tried to undermine you adj Not stopping or slowing down; constant The unremitting sounds of the city kept me awake in my room all night Make an unvemittivig coud until your partner tells you to or 2 Lesson 1