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I Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications Edited by Prof. Igor Minin In-Tech intechweb.org Published by In-Teh In-Teh Olajnica 19/2, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia Abstracting and non-prot use of the material is permitted with credit to the source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. Publisher assumes no responsibility liability for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained inside. After this work has been published by the In-Teh, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are an author or editor, and the make other personal use of the work. © 2010 In-teh www.intechweb.org Additional copies can be obtained from: publication@intechweb.org First published March 2010 Printed in India Technical Editor: Sonja Mujacic Cover designed by Dino Smrekar Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications, Edited by Prof. Igor Minin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-7619-66-4 V Preface This book deal with the modern developing of microwave and millimeter wave technologies. The rst chapter is aimed at describing the evolution of technological processes for the design of passive functions in millimetre-wave frequency range. From the results HR SOI seems to be a good candidate in the coming year to address both low cost and low power mass market CMOS digital and RF/ MMW applications. Materials that exhibit negative index (NI) of refraction have several potential applications in microwave technology. Examples include enhanced transmission line capability, power enhancement/size reduction in antenna applications and, in the eld of nondestructive testing, improved sensitivity of patch sensors and detection of sub-wavelength defects in dielectrics by utilizing a NI superlens. The next two chapters explains the physics underlying the design of purely dielectric NI metamaterials and will discuss some ways in which these materials may be used to enhance various microwave technologies. There are two main reasons to want to have information for the actual anisotropy of a substrate – to control the technology (necessary for the manufacturers) and to conduct more realistic simulations of the structures, containing anisotropic materials (necessary for the users). The 3rd chapter represented the increasing importance of the material’s anisotropy in the modern design and the possibilities for accurate determination of this characteristic by waveguide and resonance methods. Wave propagation in suppositional material was rst analyzed by Victor Vesalago in 1968. Suppositional material is characterised by negative permittivity and negative permeability material properties. Under these conditions, phase velocity propagates in opposite direction to group velocity. Since then, these electrical structures have been studied extensively and are referred to as meta-material structures. In the 4th chapter the authors analyze meta-material concepts using transmission line theory proposed by Caloz and Itho and propose effective materials for realising these concepts. They propose a novel NPLH (Near Pure Left Handed) transmission line concept to reduce RH (Right Handed) characteristics and realize compact small antenna designs using meta-material concepts and the possibility of realising negative permittivity using EM shielding of concrete block is considered. The basic theory of microwave lters, to describe how to design practical microwave lters, and to investigate ways of implementing high performance lters for modern communication systems are given in the 5th chapter. And the 6th chapter covered lters made using different technologies including active devices, MEMS, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. Filters involving combined technologies VI were covered; and also the traditional tuning using mechanically adjustable screws was discussed. The 7th chapter present several key points in materials optimization, capacitor structure, and device designs that Georgia Institute of Technology and nGimat have focused on in the last few years. In the 8th chapter summarizes the current status of the MOSFET´s for very high frequency applications. The potential of high permittivity dielectric materials for local capacitive loading of microstrip components has been demonstrated in the 9th Chapter. The designs of miniature microstrip resonators, lters, and antennas with local high-permittivity dielectric loading have been developed, and the prototypes have been fabricated by using the LTCC technology that allowed for coprocessing different ceramic materials in multilayer and planar architecture. Three types of microstrip-to-waveguide transitions are presented in the 10th chapter. One is a transition with a short-circuited waveguide which is quite broadband such that bandwidth of reection below −20 dB is 24.9 GHz (32.5 %). Others two are a planar transition in multi-layer and single-layer substrate substrates. The original reector antenna design with the cylindrical monopole antenna as a sub-reector for application in radio monitoring for information protection has been presented in 11 chapter. In the 12 chapter present a brief coverage of both established and emerging techniques in materials characterization. The 802.11 a/b/g FEM with PAM was composed of a SPDT switch, a Rx diplexer, two Rx BPFs, a Tx diplexer, two Tx LPFs, two matching circuits, and a dual-band PAM and discussed in the 13 chapter. In simple terms, a millimeter-wave imaging sensor is a camera that uses millimeter waves. The authors in the 14th chapter reviewed imaging sensors using the millimeter-wave band. But to my regret the authors searched publications mainly on International Microwave Symposium and did not survey papers on SPIE and others sources. So the good review is not full, for example, Table 2 could be added by the results from [1] and so on. The authors in the chapter 15 describe and exemplify from many fractals applications one possible use, fractal antenna for terrestrial vehicles. In order to protect the antenna from various environments, dielectric radome is usually covered in front of the antenna. The authors in the chapter 16 mainly focus on the analysis and optimal design of the radome in millimeter wave band. But it could be noted that in some of case with help of 3D diffractive optics it is possible to design a millimeter-wave antenna without special radome [2]. Additional, in the chapter 17 the authors described the design scheme for multibeam dielectric lens antennas that well balances the conicting aims of high gain and low sidelobe level. The scheme is based on pareto-GA and lens shape is associated with GA chromosomes. In the chapter 18 investigated several structures in order to nd the main geometrical parameters able to improve performances of a PBG based particle accelerator. All the VII simulations reveal good performances for a structure based on dielectric rods and a suitable number of grating periods. In the last chapter, specic millimeter-wave features of the Fabry-Perot resonator are discussed. It is expected the book will attract more interest in microwave and millimeter wave technologies and simulate new ideas on this fascinating subject. References: 1. O.V.Minin and I.V.Minin. Diffractive optics of millimeter waves. IOP Publisher, Bristol and Philadelphia, 2004, 396p. ISBN 0-7503-0907-5 2. I.V.Minin and O.V.Minin. Three Dimensional Fresnel Antennas. In: Advances on Antennas, Reectors and Beam Control, Research Signpost, Kerala, INDIA, 2005, pp. 113-148. ISBN 81- 308-0067-5 Prof. Igor Minin Novosibirsk State Technical University Russia Prof.minin@gmail.com VIII IX Contents Preface V 1. TrendonSiliconTechnologiesforMillimetre-WaveApplicationsupto220GHz 001 GaëtanPrigent,ThanhMaiVu,EricRiusandRobertPlana 2. IntegratedSiliconMicrowaveandMillimeterwavePassive ComponentsandFunctions 031 PhilippeBenech,Jean-MarcDuchamp,PhilippeFerrari,DarineKaddour, EmmanuelPistono,TanPhuVuong,PascalXavierand ChristopheHoarauandJean-DanielArnould 3. NegativeRefractiveIndexCompositeMetamaterialsforMicrowaveTechnology 055 NicolaBowler 4. DielectricAnisotropyofModernMicrowaveSubstrates 075 PlamenI.Dankov 5. Applicationofmeta-materialconcepts 103 Ho-YongKimandHong-MinLee 6. MicrowaveFilters 133 JiafengZhou 7. RecongurableMicrowaveFilters 159 IgnacioLlamas-GarroandZabdielBrito-Brito 8. ElectronicallyTunableFerroelectricDevicesforMicrowaveApplications 185 StanisCourrèges1,ZhiyongZhao2,KwangChoi2,AndrewHunt2 andJohnPapapolymerou1 9. AdvancedRFMOSFET´sformicrowaveandmillimeterwaveapplications:RF characterizationissues 205 JulioC.TinocoandJean-PierreRaskin 10. DevelopmentofMiniatureMicrowaveComponentsbyUsing HighContrastDielectrics 231 ElenaSemouchkina 11. BroadbandandPlanarMicrostrip-to-waveguideTransitions 257 KunioSakakibara X 12. MicrowaveandMillimeterWaveTechnologiesANewX-Band MobileDirectionFinder 273 SergeyRadionov,IgorIvanchenko,MaksymKhruslov,AlekseyKorolevandNinaPopenko 13. Characterizationtechniquesformaterials’propertiesmeasurement 289 HusseinKASSEM,ValérieVIGNERASandGuillaumeLUNET 14. ImplementationoftheFront-End-ModulewithaPowerAmplierforWirelessLAN 315 Jong-InRyu,DongsuKimandJun-ChulKim 15. Millimeter-waveImagingSensor 331 MasaruSatoandKojiMizuno 16. FractalAntennaApplications 351 MirceaV.RusuandRomanBaican 17. AnalysisandDesignofRadomeinMillimeterWaveBand 383 HongfuMengandWenbinDou 18. Designofdielectriclensantennasbymulti-objectiveoptimization 405 YoshihikoKuwaharaandTakashiMaruyama 19. ModellingandDesignofPhotonicBandgapDevices:aMicrowave AcceleratingCavityforCancerHadrontherapy 431 RobertoMaraniandAnnaGinaPerri 20. SpecicMillimeter-WaveFeaturesofFabry-PerotResonatorfor SpectroscopicMeasurements 451 PetrPiksa,StanislavZvánovecand,PetrČerný [...]... range bounded by 30 and 70 For the inverters, strips and slots were 20 µm and 25 µm, respectively, and 54 µm and 8 µm for the resonators The layout and frequency response are displayed in Fig 5-(b) As for the first prototype, experimental and simulated results agree over a broad-band frequency Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 8 0 (a)... of high performance digital and high speed analog/RF circuits, silicon has emerged as the favourite solution satisfying the needs of rapidly growing communications market, and is now a competitive 2 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications alternative to classical III-V technologies to address millimetre -wave applications Moreover, next-generation... Microwave Theory and Techniques Internanional Symposium, Atlanta, USA, 1974, pp 272–274, ISBN : 0-7803-3246-6, Atlanta, USA, December 1974, IEEE, Picataway NJ, USA 26 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications Cristal, E D (1975) Tapped-line coupled transmission lines with application to interdigital and combline filters, IEEE Transactions on Microwave. .. X P E R IM E N T f0= 94.5 G H z d B (S 21)= -6.3 90 95 100 F R E Q U E N C Y (G H z ) 105 110 Fig 11 2nd-order ring resonator filter (a) Photograph (b) Simulated and experimental results 14 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 4 Thin Film Microstrip (TFMS) Technologies 4.1 Technological process The TFMS technology presented hereafter... Fig 3 illustrates the evolution of the R and L parameter for transmission line model as a function of the frequency Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 6 With knowledge of RLCG parameters, one can easily determine the parameters of propagation, attenuation, impedance and effective permittivity and, therefore optimal rules for transmission... shape factor for the stubs (Fig 18) Measurement results were made in 0110 GHz and 140-220 GHz bands Despite a slight insertion losses improvement, the measurement results are in a complete accordance with the desired specifications Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 18 0 1773 µm dB(S11) dB(S12) -10 r=2.65 h=20 µm -20 -30 -40 -50 0... Comparison with experimental results in 0-220 GHz band Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 20 0 -10 -20 -20 -40 -30 -60 -40 -80 dB(S11) dB(S12) 0 shunt-stub filter DBR Filter -50 140 60 100 0 20 EM Simulation FREQUENCY (GHz) shunt-stub filter -100 180 220 Measurements Fig 22 Layout and electromagnetic simulation results of DBR filter... the use of a new stacked coplanar transmission line dedicated to HR SOI technology By doing so, we can reduce the metallic losses which occur in the transmission line Moreover, this kind of coplanar transmission line is very similar to the one integrated Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 22 in III-V since it lies directly on the silicon... impedances of Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 24 constitutive coupled-lines Thus, the transmission lines quality factor can be improved Nevertheless, this parameter has a poor influence on the input/output coupled lines, which significantly limits the insertion losses improvement Moreover, these coupled lines are very difficult to achieve... there is a slight film of gold to prevent the titanium etching which creates short-circuits between patterns For this reasons, the proposed technology uses a nickel deposit that satisfies all the requirements: a good substrate adhesion, a good gold-growth and ease in etching process Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 4 The third step . I Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna. market, and is now a competitive 1 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications 2 alternative to classical III-V technologies to address. 2010 Printed in India Technical Editor: Sonja Mujacic Cover designed by Dino Smrekar Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications, Edited by Prof.
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