Wind Power Wind Power Edited by S. M. Muyeen Department of Electrical Engineering The Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Intech IV Published by Intech Intech Olajnica 19/2, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia Abstracting and non-profit use of the material is permitted with credit to the source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. Publisher assumes no responsibility liability for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained inside. After this work has been published by the Intech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are an author or editor, and the make other personal use of the work. © 2010 Intech Free online edition of this book you can find under www.sciyo.com Additional copies can be obtained from: publication@sciyo.com First published June 2010 Printed in India Technical Editor: Teodora Smiljanic Cover designed by Dino Smrekar Wind Power, Edited by S. M. Muyeen p. cm. ISBN 978-953-7619-81-7 Dedicated to My Parents Contents Preface XI 1. Introduction 001 S.M.Muyeen Part A Wind Turbine Generator System 2. An Analytical Analysis of a Wind Power Generation System Including Synchronous Generator with Permanent Magnets, Active Rectifier and Voltage Source Inverter 023 Sergey A. Kharitonov, Member. IEEE 3. Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Permanent Magnet Wind Power Generator – The Redundant Drive Concept 073 Tero Halkosaari 4. Wind Turbine Modelling of a Fully-Fed Induction Machine 093 Umashankar S, Dr. Kothari D P and Mangayarkarasi P 5. Doubly-fed Induction Generator Drives for Wind Power Plants 113 Balduino Rabelo and Wilfried Hofmann 6. Control Methods for Variable Speed Wind Energy Converters 141 Sourkounis, Constantinos and Ni, Bingchang 7. Small Wind Turbine Power Controllers 165 Dr. Horizon Gitano-Briggs 8. Analysis and Investigation of the Inverter for Energy Transfer from Small Wind Power Plant to Common Grid 189 Romuald Luczkowski and Roman Muszynski VIII 9. Control Strategies for Variable-speed Fixed-pitch Wind Turbines 209 Bunlung Neammanee, Somporn Sirisumrannukul and Somchai Chatratana 10. Real-time Physical Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion Systems 233 Iulian Munteanu, Antoneta Iuliana Bratcu, Seddik Bacha and Daniel Roye Part B The Variability of Wind Power 11. Variability and Predictability of Large-Scale Wind Energy in the Netherlands 259 A.J. Brand, M. Gibescu and W.W. de Boer 12. Variability of Wind and Wind Power 289 Joaquin Mur-Amada and Ángel Bayod-Rújula 13. Impact of Real Case Transmission Systems Constraints on Wind Power Operation 321 François Vallée – Olivier Deblecker – Jacques Lobry 14. Wind Power at Sea as Observed from Space 341 W. Timothy Liu, Wenqing Tang, and Xiaosu Xie Part C The Grid Integration Issues 15. Methods and Models for Computer Aided Design of Wind Power Systems for EMC and Power Quality 353 Vladimir Belov, Peter Leisner, Nikolay Paldyaev, Alexey Shamaev and Ilja Belov 16. Design of Robust Power System Stabilizer in an interconnected Power System with Wind Power Penetrations 379 Sarjiya, Cuk Supriyadi A.N and Tumiran 17. Wind Power Impact on Power System Dynamic Performance 395 Emmanuel S. Karapidakis 18. Wind Power: Integrating Wind Turbine Generators (WTG’s) with Energy Storage 415 Septimus van der Linden 19. Optimization of Spinning Reserve in Stand-alone Wind-Diesel Power Systems 437 Fernando Olsina and Carlos Larisson IX 20. Power Characteristics of Compound Microgrid Composed from PEFC and Wind Power Generation 465 Shin’ya Obara 21. Large Scale Integration of Wind Power in Thermal Power Systems 479 Lisa Göransson and Filip Johnsson 22. The Future Energy Mix Paradigm: How to Embed Large Amounts of Wind Generation While Preserving the Robustness and Quality of the Power Systems? 499 Ana Estanqueiro Part D The Environmental Issues 23. Environmental Impact of Modern Wind Power under LCA Methodology 521 Eduardo Martínez Cámara, Emilio Jiménez Macías, Julio Blanco Fernández and Mercedes Pérez de la Parte 24. Wind-Solar Driven Natural Electric Hybrid Ventilators 537 N.A.Ahmed [...]... of wind and wind power A significant amount of this renewable electricity is likely to come from wind, and the variability of this power needs to be managed The chapter discusses, relationship between wind power variability and its forecast, influence of the wind variability on the grid, geographical diversity on wind power, estimated cost of wind power variability, classification of wind and wind power. .. and its forecast, influence of the wind variability on the grid, geographical diversity on wind XII power, stochastic wind generation models, Wind Power at Sea as Observed from Space are the key content of Part B Part C presents the grid integration issues Wind power impact on power system dynamic performance, power quality, fault ride through, future growth of wind power are discussed in Part C Finally,... electricity from renewable resources is to use wind turbines that convert the energy contained by the wind into electricity The wind is a vast, worldwide renewable source of energy Since ancient times, humans have har-nessed the power of the wind The earliest known use of wind power is the sail-boat Boats propelled by wind energy sailed up the 2 Wind Power Nile against the current as early as 5000... efficiency of the developed mathematical model in designing of the power quality and EMC in the wind power system In chapter 16, a robust power system stabilizer is proposed to stabilize wind farm interconnected power system The power output fluctuations from wind power generation causes low frequency oscillation, which deteriorate the power system stability To overcome this problem, the fixed structure... 2008 (Source: Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC) Fig 6 AWEA 3rd quarter 2009 market report (Source: American Wind Energy Association, AWEA) 5 6 Wind Power Existing Under Construction 16818.78 3506.38 Table 1 National Total Power Capacities from Wind Energy (MW) in U.S (Source: American Wind Energy Association, AWEA) Fig 7 Wind Project Installations by Top Ten States (Source: American Wind Energy Association,... constant reactive power mode or constant power factor mode 5 Wind Power Explained in this Book The chapters of the book are written in light of recent development of wind power industry by many renowned authors in the wind energy arena The chapters of the book are described under 4 parts In part A, the recent trend of wind turbine generator systems are presented where both large and small scale wind generators... demand The wind power to the micro-grid causes grid power instability because of the supply and demand difference, especially when the load is small compared to the electricity generation from wind turbine When wind power equipment is connected to the micro-grid with load fluctuation, the operating point of the fuel cell system may shift and power generation efficiency may improve 20 Wind Power Chapter... data from the power system of western Denmark to illustrate various aspects influencing the ability of a power system to accommodate wind power Wind power penetration to the power grid is increasing rapidly throughout the world This requires additional attention from different transmission system operators, regulatory official agencies along with the wind park developers to secure the power quality... quality of consumed electric power, increase power losses as well as adversely affect reliability of connected appliances Chapter 15 is focused on a simulation-based spectral technique for power quality and EMC design of wind power systems including a power source or synchronous generator (G), an AC/DC/AC converter and electronic equipment with power supplies connected to a power distribution network... distribution of global installed wind power capacity in MW (Source: Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC) 3 4 Wind Power Fig 2 Global cumulative installed capacity 1996-2008 (Source: Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC) Fig 3 Global annual installed capacity 1996-2008 (Source: Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC) Fig 4 Annual installed capacity by region 2003-2008 (Source: Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC) Introduction . of wind power is described in detailed. relationship between wind power variability and its forecast, influence of the wind variability on the grid, geographical diversity on wind XII power, . System Stabilizer in an interconnected Power System with Wind Power Penetrations 379 Sarjiya, Cuk Supriyadi A.N and Tumiran 17. Wind Power Impact on Power System Dynamic Performance 395. IX 20. Power Characteristics of Compound Microgrid Composed from PEFC and Wind Power Generation 465 Shin’ya Obara 21. Large Scale Integration of Wind Power in Thermal Power Systems