FREAKONOMICSA Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything ppt

[...]... solution: fine the tardy parents Why, after all, should the day-care center take care of these kids for free? The economists decided to test their solution by conducting a study of ten day-care centers in Haifa, Israel The study lasted twenty weeks, but the fine was not introduced immediately For the first four weeks, the economists simply kept track of the number of parents who came late; there were, on... but the idea is to look at many different scenarios and examine them in a way they have rarely been examined In some regards, this is a strange concept for a book Most books put forth a single theme, crisply expressed in a sentence or two, and then tell the entire story of that theme: the history of salt; the fragility of democracy; the use and misuse of punctuation This book has no such unifying theme... between the sales data for houses that belong to real-estate agents themselves and the houses they sold on behalf of clients Using the data from the sales of those 100,000 Chicago homes, and controlling for any number of variables—location, age and quality of the house, aesthetics, whether or not the property was an investment, and so on—it turns out that a real-estate agent keeps her own home on the market... week, more than double the original average The incentive had plainly backfired Economics is, at root, the study of incentives: how people get what they want, or need, especially when other people want or need the same thing Economists love incentives They love to dream them up and enact them, study them and tinker with them The typical economist believes the world has not yet invented a problem that... about anyone, if the stakes are right You might say to yourself, I don’t cheat, regardless of the stakes And then you might remember the time you cheated on, say, a board game Last week Or the golf ball you nudged out of its bad lie Or the time you really wanted a bagel in the of ce break room but couldn’t come up with the dollar you were supposed to drop in the coffee can And then took the bagel anyway... it Most of their theories sounded perfectly logical It was the roaring 1990s economy, they said, that helped turn back crime It was the proliferation of gun control laws, they said It was the sort of innovative policing strategies put into place in New York City, where murders would fall from 2,262 in 1990 to 540 in 2005 These theories were not only logical; they were also encouraging, for they attributed... speeches about the wonderful opportunities of the global economy; they’ll be trying to keep body and soul together for people on the streets of these cities.” The smart money was plainly on the criminals And then, instead of going up and up and up, crime began to fall And fall and fall and fall some more The crime drop was startling in several respects It was ubiquitous, with every category of crime falling... Oscar Danilo Blandon, aka the Johnny Appleseed of Crack 11 F R E A KO N O M I CS “Experts”—from criminologists to real-estate agents—use their informational advantage to serve their own agenda However, they can be beat at their own game And in the face of the Internet, their informational advantage is shrinking every day—as evidenced by, among other things, the falling price of coffins and life-insurance... incentive (the guilt that parents were supposed to feel when they came late) For just a few dollars each day, parents could buy off their guilt Furthermore, the small size of the fine sent a signal to the parents that late pickups weren’t such a big problem If the day-care center suffers only $3 worth of pain for each late pickup, why bother to cut short your tennis game? Indeed, when the economists... learn to look at data in the right way, you can explain riddles that otherwise might have seemed impossible Because there is nothing like the sheer power of numbers to scrub away layers of confusion and contradiction So the aim of this book is to explore the hidden side of everything This may occasionally be a frustrating exercise It may sometimes feel as if we are peering at the world through a straw . with them, even as the world marches on. xiii INTRODUCTION: The Hidden Side of Everything Anyone living in the United States in the early 1990s and paying even a whisper of attention to the. spun their theories to the media, how many times did they cite legal- ized abortion as a cause? Zero. 4 Introduction: The Hidden Side of Everything It is the quintessential blend of commerce. about the won- derful opportunities of the global economy; they’ll be trying to keep body and soul together for people on the streets of these cities.” The smart money was plainly on the criminals.