ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Edited by Tauseef Aized Energy Technology and Management Edited by Tauseef Aized Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Sideways Design, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Energy Technology and Management, Edited by Tauseef Aized p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-742-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Energy Technology 1 Chapter 1 Centralizing the Power Saving Mode for 802.11 Infrastructure Networks 3 Yi Xie, Xiapu Luo and Rocky K. C. Chang Chapter 2 A Study on Design of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Tubes as Energy Absorption Element in Vehicles 25 Yuqiu Yang and Hiroyuki Hamada Chapter 3 Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation in Three-Phase Distribution System by Fuzzy Multiobjective and Tabu Search 59 Nattachote Rugthaicharoencheep and Somporn Sirisumranukul Chapter 4 Energy Managements in the Chemical and Biochemical World, as It may be Understood from the Systems Chemistry Point of View 79 Zoltán Mucsi, Péter Ábrányi Balogh, Béla Viskolcz and Imre G. Csizmadia Chapter 5 Energy Planning for Distributed Generation Energy System: The Optimization Work 111 Behdad Kiani Chapter 6 Network Reconfiguration for Distribution System with Micro-Grid 125 Yu Xiaodan, Chen Huanfei, Liu Zhao and Jia Hongjie Chapter 7 A Camera-Based Energy Management of Computer Displays and TV Sets 137 Vasily G. Moshnyaga VI Contents Chapter 8 Enhancement of Power System State Estimation 157 Bei Gou and Weibiao Wu Chapter 9 Smart Home Services for a Smart Grid 171 Young-Myoung Kim and Young-Woo Lee Part 2 Energy Management 185 Chapter 10 Management Crisis in Partial Deregulation of Energy Sector and Modeling the Technical and Economic Results of Organizational Management Structure 187 Joseph Yakubu Oricha Chapter 11 Methodology Development for a Comprehensive and Cost-Effective Energy Management in Public Administrations 201 Capobianchi Simona, Andreassi Luca, Introna Vito, Martini Fabrizio and Ubertini Stefano Preface Energy is one of the most important issue of modern civilization. All material developments are strongly linked with energy availability and efficient utilization. Unfortunately, energy resources are not unlimited, especially conventional energy resources are depleting at an enormous pace. Hence, efficient utilization of available resources and development of new energy resources are extremely important in order to maintain material development of human civilization. Energy management, saving and efficient utilization are important in the backdrop of current energy shortfalls. Additionally, energy studies have a wider scope than merely concentrating on technological issues of energy resource development and also include energy policy and planning issues. This book is compiled to address both technology and policy issues and presents a collection of articles from experts belonging to different parts of the world. The articles range from policy to technological issues of energy development and efficient utilization. In order to comprehend this book, some background of energy related issues is required. Students, researchers, academics, policy makers and practitioners may get benefit from this book. Prof. Tauseef Aized University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore Pakistan [...]... [1;2;2] [1;2;2] [1;2;2] = 2ms and Θ Θ∗ [39;31] [39;31] [39;31] [39;31;31] [39;31;31] [39;31;31] r∗ [0;0] [0;0] [0;0] [0;0;1] [0;0;1] [0;0;1] = 8) (b) Total energy efficiency, R T/P Fig 3 A comparison of the four PSM schemes with Δ = [15; 25]ms 14 12 Energy Technology and Management Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH Figure 3 depicts that C-PSM outperforms S-PSM on saving energy and improving energy efficiency under different... consumption is minimal and R I/S is as high as 1500% Model C and model A has the similar R I/S over 1000%, the indices of ηP and ηRT/P decrease with the wake-up energy consumption When the energy consumption is the same like model A and model E , the indices increase with R I/S That is, the advantages of C-PSM over S-PSM is more outstanding when the wake-up energy consumption decreases and R I/S increases... Jon, C & Andrew, R (2010) Exhausting battery statisticsunderstanding the energy demands on mobile handsets, Proc MobiHeld Nath, S., Anderson, Z & Seshan, S (2004) Choosing beacon periods to improve response times for wireless HTTP clients, Proc the ACM International Workshop on Mobility Management and Wireless Access (MobiWac) Nedevschi, S., Popa, L & Iannaccone, G (2008) Reducing networking energy consumption... energy absorbing characteristics of metals are fairly well understood However, until the late 1970’s, attempts at understanding the energy absorbing capabilities 26 Energy Technology and Management and crushing mechanisms of FRPs have been made [1-4] Most of the existing work on the energy absorption capability of FRPs has concentrated on the behaviors of the tubular specimens In general, FRP tubes do... relationship between the energy management and crushing speed Some authors have reported increases in specific energy absorption (Es, i.e the absorbed energy per unit mass of the material) with loading rate, others decreases Farley [30] observed a rise in specific energy absorption of up to 35% for carbon-epoxy tubes over a range of crushing speeds between 0.01 m/s and 12 m/s However, the energy absorption... wakes up at the beginning of each traffic burst, because it can identify bandwidth throttling connections and reshape the TCP traffic into periodic bursts A power-saving multi-channel MAC protocol (PSM-MMAC) (Wang et al., 2006) was 6 4 Energy Technology and Management Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH designed to reduce the collision probability and the waiting time in the ’awake’ state of a node The medium access... scheme proposed in (Lee et al., 2006) computes an optimal BI and design an energy- efficient scheduler for frame transmissions within one BI Network-Assisted Power Management (NAPman) (Rozner & Navda, 2010) for WiFi devices leverages AP virtualization and uses a new energy- aware fair scheduling algorithm to minimize client energy consumption and unnecessary retransmissions It is also helpful of ensuring... Throughput and value maximization in wireless packet scheduling under energy and time constraints, Proc IEEE RTSS 2 A Study on Design of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Tubes as Energy Absorption Element in Vehicles Yuqiu Yang and Hiroyuki Hamada Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan 1 Introduction To date, the global automotive industry is arguably the largest and most complex... C-PSM has largest ηP and ηT/P That is, C-PSM which employs β∗ , Γ∗ and Θ∗ together, performs the best in saving power and increasing energy efficiency In C-PSM, the benefit of adopting β∗ and Γ∗ is significant whereas the improvement due to Θ∗ is minor Scheme-1 using β∗ and Γ∗ has obtained large positive indices Its indices are slightly less than C-PSM’s indices For example, the energy efficiency is improved... i.e crushing speed and collapse trigger mechanism The influence of strain rate would appear to be one of the most contentious issues relating to the energy absorption of FRPs [6,9,13,28,30-35] As an energy absorption element in automobiles, the crushing performance and the energy management in dynamic condition is eagerly to be clarified However, until now there is not a clear understanding about the . ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Edited by Tauseef Aized Energy Technology and Management Edited by Tauseef Aized Published. and Weibiao Wu Chapter 9 Smart Home Services for a Smart Grid 171 Young-Myoung Kim and Young-Woo Lee Part 2 Energy Management 185 Chapter 10 Management Crisis in Partial Deregulation of Energy. current energy shortfalls. Additionally, energy studies have a wider scope than merely concentrating on technological issues of energy resource development and also include energy policy and planning