ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE docx

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTIN PRACTICE  EditedbyElzbietaBroniewicz              Environmental Management in Practice Edited by Elzbieta Broniewicz Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Davor Vidic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published June, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Environmental Management in Practice, Edited by Elzbieta Broniewicz p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-358-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com   Contents  Preface IX Part 1 Environmental Management at the National and Regional Level 1 Curbing Climate Change through a Chapter 1 National Development of Climate Change Policy 3 Sumiani Yusoff Environmental Protection Chapter 2 Expenditure in European Union 21 Elzbieta Broniewicz Community Ecology and Capacity: Chapter 3 Advancing Environmental Communication Strategies among Diverse Stakeholders 37 Rosemary M. Caron, Michael E. Rezaee and Danielle Dionne Regional Issues in Environmental Management 67 Chapter 4 Hiroyuki Taguchi Geo-environmental Terrain Assessments Based on Chapter 5 Remote Sensing Tools: A Review of Applications to Hazard Mapping and Control 85 Paulo Cesar Fernandes da Silva and John Canning Cripps The Implementation of IPPC Directive Chapter 6 in the Mediterranean Area 119 Tiberio Daddi, Maria Rosa De Giacomo, Marco Frey, Francesco Testa and Fabio Iraldo Contaminated Sites and Public Policies Chapter 7 in São Paulo State, Brazil 145 Ana Luiza Silva Spínola and Arlindo Philippi Jr. VI Contents Sustainable Management of Muddy Coastlines 159 Chapter 8 Steven Odi-Owei and Itolima Ologhadien Part 2 Environmental Management in Industry 175 Indicators of Sustainable Business Practices 177 Chapter 9 Hyunkee Bae and Richard S. Smardon Assessment of Industrial Pollution Load in Lagos, Chapter 10 Nigeria by Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) versus Effluent Analysis 207 Adebola Oketola and Oladele Osibanjo Pollution Prevention in the Pulp and Paper Industries 223 Chapter 11 Bahar K. Ince, Zeynep Cetecioglu and Orhan Ince Retrofit Approach for the Reduction of Water and Energy Chapter 12 Consumption in Pulp and Paper Production Processes 247 Jesús Martínez Patiño and Martín Picón Núñez An Application Model for Chapter 13 Sustainability in the Construction Industry 267 Fernando Beiriz and Assed Haddad Assessing the SMEs’ Competitive Strategies Chapter 14 on the Impact of Environmental Factors: A Quantitative SWOT Analysis Application 285 Hui-Lin Hai Implementation of ISO 14000 in Chapter 15 Luggage Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study 297 S. B. Jaju Part 3 Technical Aspects of Environmental Management 311 The Statistical Distributions of Industrial Chapter 16 Wastes: an Analysis of the Japanese Establishment Linked Input-output Data 313 Hitoshi Hayami and Masao Nakamura The Effects of Paper Recycling Chapter 17 and its Environmental Impact 329 Iveta Čabalová, František Kačík, Anton Geffert and Danica Kačíková Overview Management Chemical Residues Chapter 18 of Laboratories in Academic Institutions in Brazil 351 Patrícia Carla Giloni-Lima, Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima and Adriana Massaê Kataoka Contents VII Lengthening Biolubricants´ Lifetime Chapter 19 by Using Porous Materials 371 Estibaliz Aranzabe, Arrate Marcaide, Marta Hernaiz and Nerea Uranga A Fuzzy Water Quality Index for Chapter 20 Watershed Quality Analysis and Management 387 André Lermontov, Lidia Yokoyama, Mihail Lermontov and Maria Augusta Soares Machado Environmental Management of Wastewater Chapter 21 Treatment Plants – the Added Value of the Ecotoxicological Approach 411 Elsa Mendonça, Ana Picado, Maria Ana Cunha and Justina Catarino Technology Roadmap for Wastewater Chapter 22 Reuse in Petroleum Refineries in Brazil 425 Felipe Pombo, Alessandra Magrini and Alexandre Szklo  Preface  Inrecentyearsthetopic ofenvironmentalmanagement hasbecomeverycommon.In sustainabledevelopment conditions, central and local governments much more often noticetheneedofactinginwaysthatdiminishnegativeimpactonenvironment. Environmental management may take place on many different levels – starting from global level,e.g. climate chan ges,through national and regional level (environmental policy) and ending on micro level. This publication shows many examples of envi‐ ronmentalmanagement. In the chapters dealing with national and regional level of environmental manage‐ ment, authors have presented many different aspects: communication system, envi‐ ronmental costs, regional development indicators. Cas e studies from various world regionshavealsobeenincluded. The second section of the book deals with environmental management in various in‐ dustries.It presents sustainable business practices in construction industry, pulp and paper industry. Case studies in organizations have been a welcome addition to this section. Thelastsectionfocu sesontechnicalaspectsofenvironmentalmanagement,mainlyon water,wasteandwastewatermanagement. The diversity of presented aspects within environmental management and approach‐ ingthesubjectfromtheperspectiveofvariouscountriescontributesgreatlytothede‐ velopmentofenvironmentalmanagementfieldofresearch. Iwouldliketothankallofth eauthorsforpresentinghighqualitychapters,Mr.Vidic forefficient projectmanagement and allInTechstaff formakingthis publicationpos‐ sible. PhDElzbietaBroniewicz, TechnicalUniversityofBialystok Poland  [...]... involves the use of equipment, labour, manufacturing techniques and practices, information networks or products) where the main purpose is to collect, treat, reduce, prevent, or eliminate pollutants and pollution or any other degradation of the environment resulting from the operating activity of the organization 22 Environmental Management in Practice Environmental protection expenditure is the sum of capital... hour (GWh) in 1963 to 4,971 3 Source: IEA (International Energy Agency), 2008 4 Source: CDIAC, 2006; IEA, 2007; IMF, 2006 6 Environmental Management in Practice GWh in 1974 and 57,435 GWh in 1998 In 1996, 16 per cent of electrical production was hydro generated, and over 83 per cent was of thermal origin (National Energy Balance, PTM, 2006) In 2007, the... are CDM (Clean Development Mechanisms), IRP (Integrated Resource Planning), MEDIS (Malaysia 6 Source: Abdul Rahim Nik, FRIM (Forest Reserve Institute of Malaysia), 2009 8 Environmental Management in Practice Energy Database and Information System), MIEEIP (Malaysian Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Project), BioGen (biomass power generation and co-generation in palm oil industry), MBIPV (Malaysian... including its key actions was supported as a promising tool to mainstream climate change in national development (Tan, et al, 2009) 8 Source: Badriyah, KeTTHA, August 2010 10 Environmental Management in Practice Fig 2 Climate change policy study approach and expected outputs9 Fig 3 Overall framework of a national climate change policy10 9 Source: Tan, C T.; Pereira, J J & Koh, F P (2009) Stakeholder Consultation... responsibility Table 7 The Draft National Policy on Climate Change – Objectives, Principles and Strategic Thrusts11 10 11 Op cit Tan, et al (2009) Source: Pereira, 2008 12 Environmental Management in Practice 8 Challenges in the development of climate change policy in Malaysia 8.1 Institutional reformation and policy restructuring The formation of an institutional framework on climate change issue... climate change The publicity drive by the government produces only a superficial understanding on the part of the general public so it does not accurately reflect or actually lead to good environmental practices as such That is to say, the rhetoric is not matched by the reality of an environmentally-friendly situation One of the tools to analyse the entire environmental impacts of an issue is LCA (Life... 2010, Public Lecture at Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, on World Water Day, 22nd March) 14 Source: MPMA (Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association), 2010 14 Environmental Management in Practice emission per GDP and per capita is questionable in relation to its applicability to all countries with differing levels of economic growth Developed countries usually have a lower carbon emission... comprehensive solution in carbon emission reduction The most apparent drawback is the rich will pollute more while the poor will pollute less It doesn’t solve the fundamental issue 16 Environmental Management in Practice of sustainable consumption and production as the rich countries have the financial capacity to choose whether to increase or decrease their carbon emission Therefore, both economic and non-economic... Besides, command and control, as a non-economic approach, may be beneficial as a starting point, when regulators are faced with a significant problem yet have too little information to support a MBI In practice, the mixture of both command and control and MBI is more effective The policy and economy instruments have to be implemented hand in hand to achieve any tangible target in carbon emission reduction... adaptation response measures to prevent all adverse impacts of current and future climate change Adaptation actions will need to achieve a suitable balance between the risks of 18 Environmental Management in Practice acting too early or too late, and to balance the potential benefits of actions with the likely magnitude of impacts In this context, the government plays a vital role in leading the action by . ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTIN PRACTICE  EditedbyElzbietaBroniewicz              Environmental Management in Practice Edited by Elzbieta Broniewicz Published. Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Environmental Management in Practice, Edited by Elzbieta Broniewicz p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-358-3 free online editions. Ologhadien Part 2 Environmental Management in Industry 175 Indicators of Sustainable Business Practices 177 Chapter 9 Hyunkee Bae and Richard S. Smardon Assessment of Industrial Pollution