8 unit 7 ((gv))

Science tells us that healthy ecosystems provide humans with things like food, clean water, clean air, and protection from natural disasters.6.. reduce raise practiseplay turn off releas

A VOCABULARY

● New words (Từ mới)

1 environment (n) / n va rən.mənt/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ môi trường

2 environmental (adj) / n va rən men əl/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ t̬əl/ (thuộc) môi trường

3 protection (v) /prə tek ən/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʃən/ sự bảo vệ

4 serious (adj) / s r.i.əs/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ nghiêm trọng

6 water pollution (n) / wˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑː.t̬əl/ɚ pə pəˈluː.ʃən/ sự ô nhiễm nước

7 habitat (n) / hæb.ə.tæt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ môi trường sống

8 quality (n) / kwˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑː.lə i/t̬əl/ chất lượng

9 global warming (n) /ˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ɡlo bəl wʊ.bəl ˈwɔ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɔːr.m ŋ/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ sự nóng lên toàn cầu

10 species (n) / spiˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ː.siːz/ loài

11 dangerous (adj) / de n.dʒ əs/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɚ pə nguy hiểm

12 endangered (adj) / n de n.dʒ d/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɚ pə bị đe dọa, có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

13 endangered species (n) / n de n·dʒərd spi· iz/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʃən/ động vật sách đỏ

14 reduce (v) /r duɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːs/ giảm bớt

15 carbon footprint (n) / kˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɑːr.bən f t.pr nt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʊ.bəl ˈwɔ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ dấu chân cac-bon

16 oxygen (n) /ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ɑːk.s dʒən/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ khí oxy

17 carbon dioxide (n) / kˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɑːr.bən daɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ɑːk.sa d/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ khí các bon đi ô xít

18 device (n) /d va s/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ thiết bị

19 single -use (adj) / s ŋ.ˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɡəl juˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːs/ để sử dụng một lần

20 product (n) / prˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑː.d kt/ʌkt/ sản phẩm

21 plastic (adj) / plæs.t k/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ làm bằng chất dẻo

22 plastic bag (n) / plæs.t k bæˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɡ/ túi nhựa

23 plastic rubbish (n) / plæs.t k r b /ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʌkt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ʃən/ rác thải nhựa

24 litter (v) / l /ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/t̬əl/ ɚ pə vứt rác, xả rác

25 volunteer (v) / vˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɑː.lən t r/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ tình nguyện, xung phong làm

29 reuse (v) / riˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ːˈjuːz/ tái sử dụng

30 recycle (v) / riˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ːˈsa kəl/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ tái chế

31 renewable (n) /r nuɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ː.ə.bəl/ có thể tái tạo, phục hồi

32 renewable source (n) /r nuɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ː.ə.bəl sɔːrs/ nguồn tái tạo

UNIT 7: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

33 neighbourhood (n) / ne b h d/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɚ pə ʊ.bəl ˈwɔ láng giềng, vùng lân cận

34 marine (adj) /mə riˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːn/ (thuộc) biển

35 marine life (n) /mə riˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːn la f/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ hệ sinh thái nước

36 ecosystem (n) / e.ko s s.təm/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʊ.bəl ˈwɔˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.t̬əl/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ hệ sinh thái

37 absorb (v) /əb zˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɔːrb/ thẩm thấu

38 concern (n) /kən sˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɝːn/ vấn đề, sự liên quan, mối quan tâm

39 substance (n) / s bstəns/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʌkt/ chất

41 harmful substance (n) / hˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑːmfl s bstəns/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʌkt/ tác nhân gây hại

42 forest guard unit (n) / fˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɔːr st ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɡɑːrd juˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ː.n t/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ đơn vị bảo vệ rừng

43 campsite (n) / kæmp.sa t/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ địa điểm cắm trại

45 conical (adj) / kˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑː.n kəl/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ hình nón

46 tornado (n) /tɔːr ne do /ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʊ.bəl ˈwɔ bão táp, cơn lốc xoáy

47 extinction (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ sự tuyệt chủng, tuyệt diệt

48 movement (n) / muˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːv.mənt/ cuộc vận động

49 wildlife (n) / wa ld.la f/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ cuộc sống hoang dã

50 diverse (adj) /d vɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɝːs/ đa dạng

52 dugong (n) / duˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ːɡɑːŋ/ cá cúi, bò biển

53 medicinal (adj) /mə d s .nəl/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ (thuộc) thuốc, dùng làm thuốc

54 heritage (n) / her dʒ/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ t̬əl/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ di sản, sự thừa kế

55 resource (n) / riˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ː.zɔːrs/ nguồn

56 natural (adj) / næt əl/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʃən/ ɚ pə (thuộc) tự nhiên, thiên nhiên

57 national (adj) / næ nəl/ ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ʃən/ (thuộc) quốc gia

58 resident (n) / rez.ə.dənt/ˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ người dân, dân cư

60 toxic (n) / tˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ ɑːk.sɪk/ chất độc

64 independent (adj) /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt/ độc lập, không phụ thuộc

• Note : 3Rs stands for Reduce -Reuse -Recycle

Thải ra, làm thoát ra

Vd: Các nhà máy điện than thải ra khí lưu huỳnh đi

ô xít.

2 Turn off

Ex: Please turn the television off before you go to bed.

Tắt cái gì đó( tắt ti vi,tắt điện)

Vd: Hãy tắt ti vi trước khi bạn đi ngủ.)

3 Throw away

Ex: I threw the alarm clock away because it had

stopped working.

Vứt cái gì không cần đi nữa

Vd: Tôi vứt cái đồng hồ báo thức đi bởi vì nó đã

ngừng hoạt động khá lâu rồi.

chặt cây, giảm bớt số lượng

Vd: Người nông dân cắt đi cây chuối già trong

vườn.

6 Pick up

Ex: We are going to pick up rubbish in the central

park this weekend.

Nhặt cái gì, đón (ai)

Vd: Chúng tôi sẽ đi nhặt rác trong trong công viên

vào cuối tuần này.

7 provide sth for sb

Ex: The government must provide decent housing for

the poor.

Cung cấp cái gì cho ai

Vd: Chính phủ phải cung cấp nhà tử tế cho người

nghèo.

8 Right after

Ex: Right after you clean your bedroom, you need to

wash the dishes.

Ngay khi

Vd: Ngay khi con dọn phòng ngủ xong,con cần rửa

chén.

9 To raise awareness of

Ex: Con Dao national park helps raise the awareness

of local residents about the importance of nature.

Nâng cao nhận thức

Vd: Công viên quốc gia Côn Đảo giúp nâng cao

nhận thức của cư dân địa phương về tầm quan trọng của tự nhiên.

10 Effect on

Ex: Water pollution has a harmful effect on our life.

Tác động, ảnh hưởng lên cái gì

Vd: Ô nhiễm nước tác động có hại lên cuộc sống của

environmentalist(n) nhà môi trường học environment (n) environmental (adj)

5 industry (n) công nghiệp, kĩ nghệ industrial (adj)

6 endanger (v) gây nguy hiểm endangered (adj)

8 danger (n) sự nguy hiểm dangerous (adj) dangerously (adv)

B GRAMMAR:

I Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.)

1 Complex sentence (câu phức)

a Định nghĩa: là câu có một mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc Mệnh đề độc lập trong

câu là mệnh đề chính Câu phức được sử dụng khi ta cần bổ sung thông tin để giải thích hoặc sửa đổi ý củamệnh đề chính trong câu

b Ví dụ:

Ex1: I took my dog to the vet because he was feeling sick

(Tôi đưa con chó của tôi đến bác sĩ thú y vì nó đang ốm.)

⇨ Mệnh đề chính: “I took my dog to the vet, mệnh đề phụ:” he was feeling sick” bổ nghĩa lý do tại sao”

tôi” phải đưa chó của mình đi khám.”

Ex2: After Mary ate snacks, she got a stomachache.

( Sau khi Mary ăn vặt, cô ấy đã bị đau bụng.)

⇨ Mệnh đề chính:” She got a stomachache”, mệnh đề phụ:” Mary ate snack” đã bổ nghĩa lý do tại sao” cô

ấy đau bụng.”

2 An adverb clause ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ)

a Định nghĩa: Là mệnh đề có chức năng ngữ pháp của một trạng ngữ (bổ nghĩa cho một mệnh đề khác)

Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ được gọi là mệnh đề phụ (là những mệnh đề không diễn tả được một ý trọn vẹn vàkhông thể đứng độc lập.)

b Ví dụ:

Ex: When I finish studying, I will go abroad ( Khi tôi học xong, tôi sẽ ra nước ngoài.)

⇨ Nếu chỉ để mệnh đề trạng ngữ” When I finish studying”, thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa.

3 An adverb clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

a Định nghĩa: là những mệnh đề bắt đầu bởi các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: while (trong khi, trong lúc), when (vào lúc, khi), one, as soon as (ngay khi mà), till, until (cho đến khi), by the time, before (trước khi), after (sau khi), since (kể từ khi), as long as, so long as ( chừng nào mà),…

b Ví dụ:

Ex1: When Mark was 13 years old, he went to Korea.

(Khi Mark 13 tuổi, anh ấy đã đến Hàn Quốc.)

Ex2: I will phone you as soon as I finish my work.

(Tôi sẽ gọi cho bạn ngay khi tôi hoàn tất công việc của mình.)

Ex3: My father was talking on the phone while my mother was helping my sister with her homework.

(Bố tôi đang nói chuyện điện thoại trong khi mẹ tôi đang giúp em gái làm bài tập về nhà.)

c Vị trí của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.

- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể được đặt ở đầu câu hoặc cuối câu Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đặt đầu câu sẽ được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy

Ex1: When Jennie was in Paris, she attended Paris Fashion Week

(Khi Jennie đến Paris, cô ấy đã tham dự Tuần Lễ Thời Trang Paris.)

Ex2: He’ll wait here until she comes back ( Anh ấy sẽ đợi ở đây cho đến khi cô ấy quay lại.)

d Cách phối hợp động từ ở mệnh đề chính với trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

● Thì hiện tại đơn

S + V (s.future)/be going to

whenafterbefore

as soon asuntil

S + V (simple present)

Examples:

- Andy will come soon When he comes, we’ll see him.

- We’ll be able to leave for the station as soon as the bus arrives.

- Lisa will go to bed after she finishes her homework

● Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

S + V (s.future)/be going to after S + V (present perfect)

Examples:

- John will go home after he has finished his work.

- Lan will work for her uncle’s company after she has graduated from college.

● Thì quá khứ đơn

S + V (simple past)

whenuntil

beforeafter

Examples:

- He said goodbye before he left.

- My father went home as soon as he finished work at the office.

- She cried after she received that award

Examples:

- Lily was talking on the phone when Linda came.

- They were having dinner when he arrived.

Examples:

- I have played badminton since 7 years ago.

- They haven’t met Bob since we left school.

S + V (past perfect) by the time

before

S + V(simple past)

Examples:

- He had explained everything clearly by the time we started our project.

- I had left before he came.

● Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Examples:

- I was reading a book while my mother was cooking dinner.

- Peter and I were doing our homework while Alex and my brother were playing chess.

C PHONICS: Sound /bl/ and /kl/

I Cách phát âm

● Âm/bl/ được tạo ra bởi 2 âm/b/ và /l/

- /b/: mím nhẹ hai môi lại và nâng phần ngạc

mềm để chặn luồng hơi trong khoang miệng, rồi

mở miệng bật hơi từ phía trong ra Khi phát âm,

dây thanh sẽ rung lên

- /l/: để đầu lưỡi chạm vào lợi của hàm răng trê

Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoảng trống

giữa lưỡi vá khoang miệng ra ngoài

- Kết hợp từ âm/b/ sang âm/l/ chúng ta được

cụm phụ âm/bl/

• Âm /kl/ được kết hợp bởi 2 âm /k/ và /l/

- /k/: mở miệng, cuống lưỡi co lại, chạm vào

phần gạc mềm hay là phần trong cùng của vòm

miệng để chặn luồng khí trong miệng Sau đó, bật

mạnh luồng khí ra khỏi miệng mà không làm

rung dây thanh trong cổ họng

- /l/ để đầu lưỡi chạm vào lợi của hàm răng trên

Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoảng trống

giữa lưỡi vá khoang miệng ra ngoài

- Kết hợp từ âm/k/ sang âm/l/ chúng ta được cụm

phụ âm/kl/

II sự khác nhau giữa /bl/ và/kl/

● Về mặt âm thanh: Sự khác biệt của cụm phụ âm /bl/ xuất phát từ sự khác biệt của vị trí môi và lưỡi khi bật hơi phát âm âm /b/ và /k/

- Khi phát âm âm /b/ chúng ta mím môi nhẹ, còn âm /k/ chúng ta cần mở miệng.

- Với âm /b/ chúng ta để lưỡi thả lỏng như bình thường, trong khi với âm /k/ chúng ta co cuống lưỡi

lại, chạm vào phần ngạc mềm để chặn luồng khí trong miệng

- Phát âm âm /b/ làm rung dây thanh trong cổ họng nhưng âm /k/ thì không.

D PRACTICE

Exercise 1 Read the following words and put them in the correct column.

Exercise 2 Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.

Exercise 3 Choose the word with a different stress pattern from the others

- blue blossom black

- table blink block

- blank bleed blur blonde

- circle clock classic

- bicylce click clerk

- class clown club close

1 A conversation B entertainment C invironment D information

2 A serious B habitat C quality D protection

3 A reduce B species C device D reuse

4 A product B absorb C concern D marine

5 A recycle B tornado C ecosystem D renewable

6 A coral B dugong C resource D effect

7 A diverse B wildlife C toxic D campfire

8 A movement B conical C extinction D heritage

9 A mission B protect C substance D plastic

10 A oxygen B dangerous C neighbourhood D endangered

11 A environment B participate C interaction D conditional

Exercise 4.Underline the duster /bl/ and double underline the duster /kl/ in the following sentence then read aloud the sentences.

1 I went for a walk around the block.

2 Cats are very clean animals.

3 The teacher blamed me for the accident.

4 My father usually has a cup of black coffee for breakfast.

5 He was climbing up the wall.

6 Today she is wearing a white silk blouse.

7 Is our hotel close to the beach?

8 If you can't answer the question, leave a blank.

9 His eyes were bright blue.

10.I went to the table tennis club yesterday.

11.Mai and Phong are in the same class.

12.Do you like classical music?

13.The apple tree is covered in blossom.

14.He became completely blind after the car accident.

15.She works as a clerk in an office.

16.She has long blonde hair.

17.It’s difficult to buy this black blender here.

18.Spring is the best time to see bluebells in blossom

ecosystem harmful substance 3Rs plastic rubbish carbon footprint single-use tree planting endangered species marine life extinction industrial waste dumping site

rubbish

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with the words in exercise 1

1 They are trying to protect endangered species such as saolas, dugongs, lynxes, wolfs and several species

of the vulture

2 Industrial waste is one of the causes of air pollution.

3 Tree planting improves wildlife habitat connectivity, supports biodiversity and and removes harmful

pollutants from the air

4 An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction.

5 Science tells us that healthy ecosystems provide humans with things like food, clean water, clean air,

and protection from natural disasters

6 We should all go green by practising the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle, which is always encouraged by

environmentalists

7 A harmful substance is anything that is contaminated and threatens the safe of man It can be in the

form of food, water, drugs, fruits, ect…

8 Volunteers gather garbage and plastic rubbish for recycling.

9 Although single-use plastic products are convenient, they are detrimental to the environment.

10.A dumping site is a ground for the disposal of waste materials.

11.Marine life means any type or species of saltwater fish, shellfish, mollusks, coral, or other marine

animals

12.Carbon footprint is a term that represents the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)

released into the atmosphere

Exercise 3 Match the words in column A to the correct meanings in column B.

1 habitat A a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning

cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground

2 medicinal B to sort and collect rubbish in order to treat it and produce useful materials

that an be used again

3 tornado C a type of animal or plant that might stop existing because there are only a

few of that type alive

4 extinction D the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

5 pollution E used to cure illnesses

6 global warming F including many different types of people or things.

7 resident G related to the sea or sea transport

8 renewable H a situation in which something no longer exists

9 diverse I damage caused to water, air, ect by harmful substances or waste

10 recycle J a person who lives or has their home in a place.

11 endangered species K a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature generally due to the

greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, andother pollutants

12 marine L are natural ones such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always

avaiable

1 To save our earth, I use cloth bags for shopping, not ones

2 In my family, we put food waste and objects for in different bins

3 An example of _ is the forest in which all the plants and animals work toform a suitable habitat for all

4 should be far from residential areas

5 Our project aims to promote the to make our planet Earth healthy

6 To help save the environment, look for products when you go shopping

7 unwanted paper will reduce the raw material demand for paper production

8 Please put rubbish into dust bins instead of the streets

9 You can learn to appreciate the around you by participating in outdooractivities

10.We organise a Clean and Grow Day each month to make our neighbourhood a place to live

11.Water can kill a lot of water life like fish and plants

12.The factory dumps a lot of into the river and pollutes it

13.Saving energy reduces air pollution and greenhouse gases The less we pollute our environment, the more we global warming

14.When the earthquake happened, the children a picnic at the campsite

15.Scientists are developing better systems to make about natural disasters

16.The teacher was correcting our papers we were drawing our illustrations

17.The environment becomes helpless in protecting us if we disturb its natural and force it to harm us

18. _is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth’s surface because of greenhouse effect

A Global warming B Climate change C Natural habitats D Extreme weather

19.We can raises awareness protecting environment by using social media

20.Do you think we are doing enough to _wild animals?

21.Many species have been saved thanks to community efforts

22.Air pollution is a problem in many major cities

23.Environmental pollution is becoming an serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon

as possible

A increasingly B increasing C increase D increased

24.Awareness of environmental damage from bags is growing

A simple-use B single-uses C single-use D single-used

25.They announced an analys is of the carbon of leading companies

A spaces B contents C emissions D footprints

26.The CCTV cameras are intended to reduce in the area

A untidiness B emptiness C littering D dropping

27.She studies mountain gorillas in their natural

28.This region is the of many species of wild flowers

29.The restaurant has a menu that includes dishes from all over the world

30. in the area includes deer, bears, and eagles

31.Their main goal is to promote environmental

32.Unfortunately, fertilizers from surrounding farmland has reduced the _ life

33.They were fined for illegally waste into the river

34.The air becomes polluted we release too much carbon dioxide into it

35.How long did the villagers have to wait the rescue team arrived?

36. my family applied the Save Our Energy rules, our monthly use of electricitywent down

37.You can’t camp here you get a permit from the local authorities

38. we put dustbins in public places, we saw the difference There was muchless littering

39.Toxic waste from nuclear plants is hazardous to the environment What is the closest word of the

underlined word?

40.Many wildlife animals are highly endangered these days What is the opposite word of the underlined

word?

41.I will call you before I _ over

42.After she graduates, she a job

43 When I him tomorrow, I will ask him

44.As soon as it _ raining, we will leave

45.By the time he comes, we will have already _

46 The next time I go to New York, I am going _ a ballet

47.- There was no death in the flood yesterday -

A That’s shocking! B Oh, man! C How crazy! D That’s a relief!

48.- What do you mean by ‘single-use’? -

A Be used once only and then thrown away

B I will recycle single-use things

C I rarely use this word

D It’s an adjective

49 -

- It’s a place where a type of plant or animal lives

A Could you show me the zoo? C What does ‘habitat’ mean?

B What makes up a habitat? D Have you ever visited a habitat?

50.What can you do to help protect the environment? - _

A I support environmental protection

B Reduce, reuse, and recycle

C I’ve tried to learn about environmental protection

D It’s important we do

Exercise 5 Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words in each of the following sentences

1 Air pollution is a major cause of diseases or even lung cancer.

2 It is found that endangered species are often concentrate in areas that are poor and densely populted,

such as much of Asia and Africa

A disappeared B threatened C increased D reduced

3 Many schools provide environment education to raise student’s awareness of conservation needs.

4 With its various activities, the Camp has set up a stronger regional identity by raising youth’s

awareness of Southeast Asia’s history and heritage.

5 Elephants will become extinct if man continues killing them.

6 She is eighteen, so by law her father cannot prevent her marriage.

7 When the laser strikes the chemicals, it releases a form of oxygen that kills cancer cells.

A contains B vaporizes C gives out D omits

8 Don't be concerned about your mother's illness; she’ll recover soon.

A surprised at B worried about C embarrassed at D angry with

9 The air is naturally polluted by foreign matter such as plant pollens and dust.

A contaminated B occupied C filled D concentrated

10.It was great to see monkeys in their natural habitat.

11.The ecosystem in Con Dao National Park is very varied with thousans of species, including marine

animals

Exercise 6 Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words in each of the following sentences

1 There is growing concern about the way man has destroyed the environment.

A attraction B speculation C ease D consideration

2 Pure water is often a fairly rare commodity that requires significant energy to produce.

A Contaminated B Clean C Unadulterated D Flawless

3 Walking or cycling is a counterpro-ductive way to reduce your carbon footprint.

A desolate B unproductive C barren D effective

4 The new laws to conserve wildlife in the area will come into force next month.

A pollute B destroy C eliminate D protect

5 Toxic waste from nuclear plants is hazardous to the environment.

6 He didn't seem in the least concerned for her safety.

A passionate B ready C indifferent D stolen

7 What would happen to man's health if the water rsources were polluted?

A refined B contaminated C destroyed D poisoned

8 His policies were beneficial to the economy as a whole.

A good B crude C harmful D harmless

9 We should reduce the comsumption of single-use products like plastic bottles and bags.

A unrecyclable B multipurpose C non-returnable D disposable

10.Cutting trees and burning forests destroy a lot of wildlife habitats.

A Reducing B Decreasing C Carving D Planting

11.Many wildlife animals are highly endangered these days.

Exercise 7 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

1 People were concerned that pets or wildlife could be affected by the pesticides.

2 Our planet earth has a natural environment, known as ecosystem, which includes all humans, plant

life, mountains, atmosphere, rocks, galaxy, massive oceans, and seas

3 Water pollution occurs when harmful substance - often chemicals or microorganisms -pollute a body

of water

4 The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest

5 The probable result of global warming will be a rise in sea levels.

6 The two most common renewable energy sources used today are wind and solar, but others will

become more common in the near future

7 The government told that they would do more to protect the environment.

8 Many endangered species are at risk of disappearing due to habitat loss and illegal hunting.

Exercise 8.Complete the sentences with the words given.

protection littering corals species ecosystem

pollution habitat diversity footprint loss

1 Pollution can have serious effects on the balanced ecosystem.

2 Businesses have a major role in environmental protection

3 With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.

4 The sea turtle is an endangered species.

5 Habitat loss is occurring all around the world, and it’s damaging or destroying ecosystems

6 The company says it is responsible for the pollution in the river

7 Flying is the biggest contribution to our carbon footprint

8 About 60-70 per cent of corals growing close to the shore were broken and carried ashore.

9 He got a ticket and was fined for littering.

10.The project has tried to maintain the biological diversity of this rainforest.

Exercise 9.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given.

ecosystem global loss renewable habitat environment harmful substances wildlife

reduce raise practise play turn off

release avoid volunteer save pick up

1 We all need to do our part to save the planet.

2 Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.

3 Please turn off the television before you go to bed.

4 The factory had released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.

5 By practising the 3 Rs, we can save resources for the future, and reduce the amountof waste.

6 They will require car makers to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.

7 I volunteered to help clean up the beach last week.

8 The volunteers tried to pick up litter on the rivers.

9 The campaign has succeeded in raising public awareness of the issue.

10 Schools play an important role in society.

Exercise 10 Complete the sentences using the Simple Future tense form of the verbs.

1 While I (study) was studying for my exam, my roommate was playing music loudly in the next room.

2 After I (complete) have completed my work, I will go for a relaxing walk in the park.

3 As soon as the taxi (arrive) arrives, they will be able to leave for the airport.

4 Lan and Mai will go to bed after they (finish) finish their work.

5 Ken is going to wait right here until Jessica (come) comes.

6 The last time that I went to Korea, I (visit) visited Namsan Tower.

7 Bill will get home at 5:30 After he gets home, I (have) will have dinner.

8 As soon as he finished the article, he (punish) published it.

9 While I was going to school, I (meet) met my friend.

10 I (work) have worked here since I graduated

Exercise 11 Complete each sentence with a word or a phrase from the box

1. You should make a shopping list before you do your shopping.

2. Since the Industrial Revolution, waste has been a major environmental issue everywhere.

3. People bargain a lot at a village market.

4. An endangered species is a plant, animal or other organism that is threatened by extinction

5 - What natural disaster involves rocks and mud coming down hills or mountains?

- It’s a landslide

Exercise 12.Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1 (Before / When / While) she is ready, we will leave.

2 I’ll send you a text message (until / as soon as / before) I hear from Nam.

extinction environmental issue bargain

natural disaster shopping list

3 (Before / After / While) she goes, she will turn off all the computers

4 I’ll go online (while / as soon as / until) I get home.

5 (After /Before/ While) we receive your confirmation email, we will send you a link to download the

programme

6 I have to wait (while / before / until) my mum comes home

7 (Before / Until / When) Mr Tan phones, please let me know

8 Let’s play with the children (after / until / while) it is time to go

9 He will send them an email (before/ until / as soon as) he arrives in London

10 I will give you my reply (before / by / this time) I leave this afternoon

11 I’ll stay here (while / before/ until) Jack gets back and we’ll go together.

12 (When / Before / Until) you read his stories, you know that he’s a good writer.

13 You are too young to understand I will explain it to you (when / before / while) you are older.

14 The children will want to go swimming (before / as soon as / until) they see the river.

15 The plane won’t take off (after / until / while) the clouds go off.

16 He will give you a job (when / before / until) you have enough qualifications.

17 I will finish my homework (before / until / as soon as) my father arrives home late this evening.

18 I will do the next task (as soon as / before / by the time) I have finished the first one.

19 Mother to her son: I won’t let you watch TV (before / when / until) you finish your homework.

20 He usually surfs the Internet on his smartphone (before / after / while) he is waiting for the bus.

Exercise 13.Match the clauses in the two columns to form complex sentences.

1 I'll phone you when A when you see him - he looks so different.

2 I want to see Mai B when she got the job.

3 I'll tell you about our holiday C when someone phones me.

4 You won’t recognise him D when I come back.

5 We must do something before E until the weather is nice.

6 You’ll feel better F I get home from school.

7 I felt surprised G until you are ready - 1 can’t go without you.

8 We have to wait here H before she goes out.

9 Take a message I it is too late.

10 I will wait J when you have had something to eat.

● Your answer:

Exercise 14 Fill in each blank with a correct preposition.

1 We need to raise awareness of environment problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

2 Pollution can have serious effects on the balance of ecosystem.

3 People are becoming more aware of environmental issues.

4 The new road will cause a loss in the beauty of landscape

5 Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere

6 Technology is already playing a key role in environmental protection

7 There is a nice play area for the children

8 The regions are home to bears and mountain lions

9 I’d like to emphasise the importance of protecting endangered species.

10 Toxic chemicals continue to be dumped into the river.

11 Orange juice is rich in vitamin C.

12 The pools provide a rich habitat for water plants.

13 Americans throw away twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.

14 Sometimes toxic substances flow into river from factories.

Exercise 15 Write the correct form of the word in brackets.

1 The river is heavily polluted (POLLUTE)

2 Everybody can do something to make our neighbourhood green (NEIGHBOUR)

3 Could your group do a presentation on what we students can do to protect our environment?

(ENVIRONMENTAL)

4 Last night I watched a documentary about some endangered species in Asia (ENDANGER)

5 The factory dumps its industrial waste right into the river without treating (INDUSTRY)

6 The music club made so much noise that the residents complained to its owner (RESIDE)

7 Are all types of pollution harmful to the health of humans and animals? ( HARM)

8 The environmentalists are concerned about the oil spills in the East Sea (ENVIRONMENT)

9 If we use water carefully, more people will have fresh water (CARE)

10.You should never buy products made from endangered animals ( PRODUCE)

11.A new series of educational programmes shows the importance of wildlife to humans (IMPORTANT)

12.Animals should be kept in their natural habitats (NATURE)

13.Earth Hour has grown to become an international movement for the environment (MOVE)

14.We think it’s very dangerous that you’re climbing the mountain alone (DANGER)

15.The ecosystem in Con Dao National Park is very diverse with thousands of species ( DIVERSITY)

16.This law provides protection for threatened animals and plants (PROTECT)

Exercise 16 Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.

1 I cycle or walk to school every day instead of let my father drive me there (🡪 letting)

Exercise 1: Listen to the recording and choose the best answer.

● Dialog 1:

1 What does Tom’s dad want to throw away?

2 What will Tom do with his can?

A give it to his dad B take it home C throw it in the bin

● Dialog 2:

3 Tom’s dad says some animals become extint because of……

A other animals B changing climate C museums

4 Tom’s dad says ……… can cause climate change.

A the sun B too many animals C air pollution

● Dialog 3:

5 What does Tom want to be when he grows up?

A an environmentalist B a bird watcher C an actor

6 Tom says he wants to ………

A. Find frogs and birds B protect animals C make money

▪ Tapscripts:

- Dialog 1:

Dad: Tom, where can I throw away this bottle?

Tom: You can put it in the recycle bin.

Dad: Oh, right! I forgot!

Tom: And I’ll use the other bin for my can.

- Dialog 2:

Tom: Dad, why do animals become extinct?

Dad: Well, often it’s because of climate change.

Tom: What causes that?

Dad: Sometimes air pollution causes it.

- Dialog 3:

Tom: Do you know what I want to be when I grow up?

Dad: Let me guess … an actor?

Tom: No, an environmentalist!

Dad: Wow! That’s great! Why?

Tom: Because I want to protect wildlife.

Exercise 2: Listen to the recording and choose the best answer.

1 What do many politicians and scientists consider to be the biggest danger we face?

A Global warming B Deforestation C.Pollution. D Overpopulation

2 How is climate change affecting different species?

A. They are becoming more numerous C They are dying.

B. They are moving to new habitats D They are growing larger.

3 What is happening to the ice caps in the Arctic and Antarctica due to climate change?

A. They are growing thicker C They are shifting to new locations

B They are melting D They are causing sea levels to drop.

4 How is climate change affecting our weather?

A. It is making it rain less C It is making places warmer or colder

B. It is causing less wind D It is making earthquakes more common

5 What can individuals do to help combat climate change?

A. Drive more cars C Cut down on things that produce greenhouse gases.

B. Use more plastic bags D Leave lights and appliances on when not in use.

● Tapscripts :

Climate change is one of the most worrying things for our planet Many politicians and scientists say it is the biggest danger we face I read almost every day that climate change is changing the Earth forever Many species of animal, fish, insect, frog, etc are dying The ice caps in the Arctic and Antarctica are

melting Our weather is changing so places are getting warmer, or colder, or are having more and stronger hurricanes We all need to do our bit so that climate change does not destroy us It’s important to cut down

on things that produce greenhouse gases These warm the planet and change the climate Doing simple things like turning off lights and recycling paper all help

Exercise 3 Listen and complete each gap in the table with ONE or TWO word from the recording.

Clean-up Team Clean the central (1) park

● Pick up rubbish, bottles, and (2) plastic bags

● Water small trees and flowers

Donation Team Collect used items

(3) Sort the items and put them into correct bags

Media Team (4) Post photos of the event on the club’s website

Make (5) suggestions for the club’s future activities

● Tapscripts

Welcome to our club meeting As you know, we are organising a Go Green Weekend event next Sunday Before presenting the event schedule, let me briefly tell you about the teams and activities There will be three teams Each team will take care of one specific task

The Clean-up Team will be responsible for cleaning the central park in our town They will pick up

rubbish, bottles, plastic bags, anything that’s lying around They will also water small trees and flowers in the park

The Donation Team will collect used items from local people Then they will have to sort and put them intothe correct bags This will make delivery much easier and will also help reach the people who need these items quickly

The Media Team will be responsible for reporting on the event They will take photos of the activities during the event and post them on the club’s website They will also write a report which will summarise the results of the event and make suggestions for other club activities in the future

Exercise 4 Listening to the passage and fill in the missing words.

People damage the (1)environment by polluting it For example, (2) cars and factories release

greenhouse (3) gases like carbon dioxide into the environment, causing global (4) warming This means thetemperature of the planet is (5) raising If the Earth’s temerature keeps (6) going up , people and other animals won’t be able to (7) survive anymore

Exercise 5 Listen to Harry, Olivia, Magda and Carlos talking about environment issues Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false(F)

1 Tony did Magda’s job while Magda was sick False

2 Harry rode his bicycle to the café False

3 Harry usually drives to the football pitch True

4 The traffic in London is good, and cheap False

5 Johnny doesn’t like travelling by bicycle True

Listen again Answer the questions below.

1 What does Henry think about Carlos as a waiter? terrible

2 Did Harry park his car near or far from the cafe? far

3 What kind of sport does Henry play? football

5 What means of transport does Magda always use? public transport

▪ Tapscripts:

Harry: Hey there!

Olivia: Hi, Harry, come and have a seat!

Harry: OK - I’ll just get a coffee Hang on Where’s Tony?

Magda: He’s off sick.

Olivia: And you’ll notice that there’s a new chef in here!

Harry: Carlos! What’s he doing working here?

Magda: He’s taken over while Tony’s away.

Harry: Well, good on him – he’s always wanted his own restaurant! I guess this café will have to do for

now

Olivia: Yeah It’s good experience for him!

Harry: Carlos! Hey, Carlos! Could I have a coffee, mate?

Harry: Carlos? Hello!? Well, I hope he’s a good chef, because he’s a terrible waiter!

Olivia: Oh, go on Give him a break!

Magda: Yeah – it’s really busy in here right now Be patient!

Harry: Busy? Yeah – tell me about it! Everywhere is today – I couldn’t find anywhere to park my car I had

to leave it miles away

Olivia: Park your car? I thought you took your bike everywhere!

Harry: Well, I used to, but sometimes it’s just easier to drive, isn’t it?

Magda: Lazy!

Harry: I’m not lazy! I do lots of sport – play football every week.

Olivia: Do you drive to the football pitch?

Harry: Erm, yeah Usually

Olivia: You should use your bike more often It’s better for you, and for the environment!

Johnny: Hello, all! Hey, is that Carlos behind the counter?

All: Yes, it is.

Johnny: What’s he doing there?

Olivia: Long story!

Johnny: Blimey Have you seen the traffic out there?

Olivia: Not you as well?!

Johnny: Me what?

Olivia: Driving!

Johnny: Of course I drive How else would I get around?

Magda: I always use public transport It’s very good here in London, even if it’s quite expensive.

Olivia: Not as expensive as a car.