Efficient hinterland transport infrastructure to optimize the container terminal business and services in vietnam

First of all, I would like to sincerely thank the Board of Directors and departments of Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) for creating favorable conditions for me to learn the practice of import and export freight forwarding during my internship at the company. I would like to thank the sales department ofCentral Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) for their help and for providing practical data for me to successfully complete this graduation internship topic. At the same time, the company has given me the opportunity to intern in the place I love, for me to step into real life to apply the knowledge that the teachers have taught. Through this internship, I realized many new and useful things in the import and export forwarding industry to help my future work. To complete the topic of this graduation internship report, I would like to send my sincere thanks to the teachers and teachers in the Faculty of Economics and Finance of Duy Tan University. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Luis Alfaro, who have guided and guided, help me complete this internship report topic.

ECONOMICS – FINANCE

-*** -BACHELOR THESIS

MAJOR:

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

EFFICIENT HINTERLAND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

TO OPTIMIZE THE CONTAINER TERMINAL BUSINESS AND

ID : 25214709121

Danang , April , 2023

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I would like to sincerely thank the Board of Directors and departments of Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) for creating favorable conditions for me to learn the practice of import and export freight forwarding during my internship at the company I would like to thank the sales department ofCentral Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) for their help and for providing practical data for me to successfully complete this graduation internship topic At the same time, the company has given me the opportunity to intern in the place I love, for me to step into real life to apply the knowledge that the teachers have taught Through this internship, I realized many new and useful things in the import and export forwarding industry to help my future work.

To complete the topic of this graduation internship report, I would like to send my sincere thanks to the teachers and teachers in the Faculty of Economics and Finance of Duy Tan University In particular, I would like to

thank Dr Luis Alfaro, who have guided and guided, help me complete this

internship report topic.

Thank you again!

Student implementation

Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

Student name: Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

With the topic “Efficient hinterland transport infrastructure to

optimize the container terminal business and services in Central Container Joint Stock Company ( Viconship)”, I hereby declare that this is my own

research and is under the guidance of Dr Luis Alfaro The research content

and results on this topic are truthful The data in the tables for analysis, comments, and evaluation are clearly stated in the reference section If there is any problem, I will be responsible for the content of my graduation thesis.

Da Nang, 20th Feb 2023

Student

Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Research Objectives 2

1.2.1 General Objectives 2

1.2.2 Specific Objectives 2

1.3 Overview Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) 3

1.3.1 General Details 3

1.3.2 Viconship Partner 4

1.3.3 Competitor 5

1.3.4 Vision… 5

1.3.5 Mission… 5

1.3.6 Target… 5

1.3.7 Company Culture 6

1.3.8 Development Orientation 6

1.4 Organizational Structure 6

1.4.1 Organizational Structure Overview 6

1.4.2 Fundamental Responsibilities and Obligations by Department 7

1.5 Business Service 9

1.5.1 Warehouse Exploitation 9

1.5.2 Multimodal Transportation 10

1.5.3 Agency… 12

1.5.4 Container Repair And Rental 12

1.6 Business Result of Central Container Joint Stock Company 13

1.6.1 General Situation 13

1.6.2 Results Business Activities 2019,2020 and 2021 14

1.7 SWOT Analysis 16

1.7.1 Strengh… 16

1.7.2 Weakness 17

1.7.3 Opptunities 17

Student name: Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

1.7.4 Threat… 17

1.8 Policies related to Employees 18

1.8.1 Number of Employees and Average Salary for Employees 18

1.8.2 Labor Policy Objectives to Ensure the Health, Safety and Welfare of Employees…… 18

1.8.3 Training Activities for Employees 18

1.9 Hinterland Transportation Service Process 19

1.10 Describe the Problem in Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) … 20 1.11 Purpose of the Thesis Work 21

1.12 Scope & Limitations 21

1.13 Approaches 21

1.13.1 The Scope of Logistic Industry 21

1.13.2 Viconship 22

1.13.3 Solution 22

1.14 Methodology 23

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 24

2.1 Introduction 24

2.2 Definiation of Hinterland Transportation 25

2.2.1 What is the Hinterland 25

2.2.2 What is the Transportation 25

2.2.3 What is the Hinterland Transportation 26

2.3 Some Factors 26

2.4 Containerization and Hinterland Expansion 28

2.5 The Vietnamese Hinterland 30

2.5.1 About the Waterway System 30

2.5.2 About the Road and Rail system 31

2.5.3 About the Development of Hinterlands 32

2.5.4 About Connecting Infrastructure with Ports 32

2.6 Government Regulations 33

2.7 General Topic 34

2.7.1 Domestic 34

2.7.2 International 35

2.8 Conclusion 35

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 37

3.1 Research Design 37

3.1.1 Research Method 37

3.1.2 Description of the research process 37

3.2 Official Research 39

3.2.1 Investigation Form 39

3.2.2 Some Data Analysis Method 39

3.3 Process to Collect Data 43

3.4 Method for Collecting Data 44

3.4.1 Primary Data 44

3.4.2 Secondary Data 44

3.5 Reliability & Validity 45

3.5.1 Validity 45

3.5.2 Reliability 45

Student name: Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Revenue and Profit in 2019 Source: Financial Report (Viconship) in 2019 15 Table 1.2: Revenue and Profit in 2020 Source: Financial Report (Viconship) in 2020 15 Table 1.3: Revenue and Profit in 2021 Source: Financial Report (Viconship) in 2021 16

LIST OF FIGURES

Student name: Nguyen Tran Thanh Vu

INTRODUCTIONChapter I presents : (1.1) Research Background; (1.2) Research Objectives;

(1.3) Overview (Viconship) ; (1.4) Organizational Structure; (1.5) BussinessService; (1.6) Bussiness Result; (1.7) SWOT Analysis; (1.8) Policies related toEmployees; (1.9) Process Hinterland Transportation ( Viconship); (1.10) Problem;(1.11) Purpose of the Thesis Work; (1.12) Scope & Limitations ; (1.13) Approaches

; (1.14) Methodology

I.1 Research Background

In the current opening period, Vietnam has been experiencing rapid economicgrowth over the last few decades, and this has led to an increased demand forlogistics services As a result , logistics in Vietnam is a rapidly growing industry,driven by the country's economic development and increasing international trade.The logistics industry in Vietnam includes a wide range of services such astransportation, warehousing, distribution, customs clearance, and freightforwarding

With a developed economy, multimodal transport services (logistics) havebecome a service industry that integrates many high value-added activities, bringinggreat economic benefits, Vietnam and the economic environment Favorablebusiness, high development opportunities promise to develop the service market inthe coming time

On the other hand, challenge faced by the logistics industry in Vietnam is thecomplex regulatory environment The country has many regulations and proceduresfor customs clearance, which can lead to delays and higher costs for logisticscompanies However, the government is taking steps to simplify and streamlinethese regulations to make it easier for logistics companies to do business inVietnam Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) is a company born

to comprehensively meet the development strategy of logistics services of the parentcompany within the Central region Central Container Joint Stock Company(Vinconship) is one of the companies in the logistics industry with high potential fordevelopment

Due to the aforementioned factors, I made the decision to choose the researchtopic “Efficient hinterland transport infrastructure to optimize the container

terminal business and services in Central Container Joint Stock Company ( Viconship) in Viet Nam : The design of operation logistics nodes in the central container joint stock (Viconship)", especially the shipping process related to

containers, hoping to bring a specific view of the market Logistics in general andlogistics in Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) in particular

I.2 Research Objectives

I.2.i General Objectives

Proposal for an efficient hinterland transport infrastructure to optimize thecontainer terminal business and services in Central Container Joint Stock Company( Viconship)

I.2.ii Specific Objectives

a) Apply data analysis on business activities at Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship)

b) Evaluate the company's container shipping process at Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship)

c) Explore the process, provide solutions and recommendations for Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship)

d) Contribute to improve the professionalism of organizational and implementation procedures of the container shipping business model

e) Facilitate a suggested container business model to leverage the service level of hinterland transport infrastructure and optimization

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I.3 Overview Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship)

I.3.i General Details

Figure 1.1 Logo of Central Container Joint Stock Company ( Viconship)

Source: From Vinconship Website on the Internet

Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship Da Nang) is one of thereputable logistics service providers of VICONSHIP group, the leader in the field ofseaport and logistics services in Vietnam With more than 60 specialized containertractors, more than 60,000 m2 of warehouse space, we provide customers with alltotal logistics solutions from warehousing services, international freight forwardingservices, freight forwarding With more than 30 years of experience in providingtransportation and logistics services along with existing capabilities andexperienced, enthusiastic and responsible staff duty

Central Container Joint Stock Company (Vinconship) is a joint stock companywith legal status in accordance with the laws of Vietnam The Company'sheadquarters is at 75 Quang Trung Office Building, Hai Chau District, City DaNang with a modern warehousing and loading and unloading system The Company

is permitted to operate in accordance with the Law on Enterprises and relevantprovisions of the Law and the Company's Charter Central Container Joint StockCompany (Vinconship) is a subsidiary of Vietnam Container Corporation(Vinconship), exercising the rights and obligations of the subsidiary in accordancewith the Charter of organization and operation of the Corporation VietnamContainer Joint Stock Company (Vinconship).1

Figure 1 2 Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship)

Source: From Vinconship Website on the Internet

Central Container Joint Stock Company was established and operated underthe business registration certificate number 0400424349 issued by the Department

of Planning and Investment of Da Nang on June 13, 2002.2

The charter capital of the company is: VND 30,500,000,000, equivalent to3,050,000 shares, the par value of each share is VND 10,000

I.3.ii Viconship Partner

Viconship has many partners in the logistics and shipping industry, includingmajor shipping lines, freight forwarding companies and partners in related fields.Here are some of Viconship's partners:

Major shipping lines: Viconship represents many major shipping lines in

the world, including Maersk, MSC, CMA-CGM, Evergreen, Hapag-Lloyd andmany others

Freight companies: Viconship has partnerships with many major freight

companies such as DHL, FedEx, UPS and TNT

Partners in logistics and supply chain: Viconship cooperates with many

partners in the field of logistics and supply chain such as Kuehne + Nagel, DBSchenker, Agility, Damco and Panalpina

Partners in foreign trade and trade: Viconship also cooperates with

partners in foreign trade and trade such as banks, trading companies and otherrelated organizations.

2 https://finance.vietstock.vn/vsm/ho-so-doanh-nghiep.htm

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I.3.iii Competitor.

Viconship's competitors, whether domestic or international, provide theservices that Viconship provides, providing logistics services according tocommercial law such as packaging, transportation, marking, customs services, etc.Some potential competitors are listed below

a Domestic.

Gemadept Joint Stock Company

Da Nang Shipping and Chartering Joint Stock Company – Vfracht

Indo Tran Shipping and Forwarding Joint Stock Company

Pigeon Logistics Co., Ltd

Global Transport and Logistics Co., Ltd – Glotrans

Bach Viet Transport Company Limited

Maersk logistic company

Federal Express company

I.3.vi Target

Exploit more effectively the Company's facilities and assets Taking thedevelopment and future of the Company as the driving force for growth Activelycreating and pioneering the application of technology in management -administration - service provision Share with the community and perform socialresponsibility

I.3.vii Company Culture

“People are the source of strengthSolidarity, Honesty, Fairness and Responsibility”

I.3.viiiDevelopment Orientation

Short-term development strategy:

The main goal of the Company is to expand the service system to satisfy theincreasingly diverse needs of customers, on the other hand, the Company constantlyimproves service quality, meeting better and better requirements customer's rigor.Ensure sustainable development, improve competitiveness

Sustainable development goals (environment, society and community) andkey programs related to the short and medium term of the Company

The Company ensures that the issue of responsibility to the environment,society and community is an integral part of the corporate culture and managementsystem

Medium and long term development strategy:

The Company's medium and long-term development strategy is to consider researching and understanding the market to invest in many potential fields on the basis of available business strengths, in order to bring the greatest economic

benefits and increasingly bring the company to a new level of development

I.4 Organizational Structure

I.4.i Organizational Structure Overview

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In the organization, although there are many different departments, performingdifferent functions and tasks, they are unified and focused to produce results for the

defined goals of the organization The members of the organization all have acertain role and contribute their efforts to bring the organization to achieve thecommon goal An organization must have unity of leadership, this is the conditionthat creates order within the organization At the same time, contributing tocreating efforts, efforts, increasing the responsibility of members in the organizationwho want to operate more effectively and scientifically At Viconship (Da Nangbrand) has the following structure:

Figure 1 3 Structure of Viconship

Source: Human Resource Department/ Search on the Internet

I.4.ii Fundamental Responsibilities and Obligations by Department

General Manager

To decide on issues related to the daily work of the Company without thedecision of the Board of Directors, to appoint, dismiss, and remove managerialpositions

Deciding on business contracts;

Recruiting, hiring and arranging labor use;

Manage all assets of the Company.

Looking for a job for the Company

Chief Accountant

Check the reasonableness, legality, truthfulness and urgency in theaccounting, statistical and financial statements preparation of the Company andpropose to remedy the violations;

Appraise the Company's annual and six-monthly business reports andfinancial statements,

Finance Department

As a department with the function of advising the General Director on themanagement of assets and capital to meet the requirements of production andbusiness in accordance with the law Timely advise on the preservation anddevelopment of the Company's capital

Investment & Market Development Department

Is a department with functions in the field of investment, implementation,management of investment, preparation of documents and completion of investmentprocedures for market development

Research and develop domestic and foreign markets to expand productionand business activities of the Company

Act as the focal point for drafting the Company's medium and long-terminvestment and development strategy

Do consulting services for customers about transportation; Directly in charge

of leasing vehicles and specialized equipment for loading, unloading, preserving,and transporting goods

Chamber of Commerce & Service

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Research and understand domestic and foreign markets, transactions tocapture export requirements, temporary import for re-export, border-gate transfer,etc Develop import-export strategies, business strategies and market strategies,policies and procedures customer book with the Company

I.5 Business Service

I.5.i Warehouse Exploitation

Providing warehousing services and packing import and export goods at therequest of all domestic and foreign customers and provide a space for businesses tostore their products until they are neede Our services include arranging and loadingand unloading goods for all types of Containers, including Frame Containers andFlat Containers.warehouses also offer value-added services such as labeling,packaging, and assembly Ensuring the safety of goods with many different types.Container Wharf :

Figure 1 5 : Wharf Source: From Vinconship Website on the Internet

With modern packaging and loading and unloading lines, professionalmanagement, and safe location, Viconship Da Nang Container Terminal (with anarea of nearly 50,000 m2) manages Containers for most major shipping lines.operating in Vietnam With many years of experience in warehousing services,Viconship yard undertakes the construction and storage of all kinds of Container,iron and steel, chemical and petroleum equipment, transporting these equipmentfrom ship to destination storage and vice versa

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I.5.ii Multimodal Transportation

Multimodal transportation refers to the use of multiple modes of transportation(such as road, rail, air, and sea) to move goods from one location to another Thegoal of multimodal transportation is to optimize the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transportation by selecting the best mode of transportation for eachleg of the journey

Viconship provides a comprehensive system of container logistics monitoringtasks, arranging, arranging, inland display, maintenance, repair and container rental

Figure 1 6 : Container Truck of Viconship Source: From Vinconship Website on the Internet

With its fleet of vehicles, the company is a pioneer in the field of containertransportation, the company has specialized container trucks capable of transportinggoods in all areas of Vietnam and transporting goods to customers The type ofgoods is not limited in width, small wall size The use of specialized vehicles and ateam of highly skilled drivers have created a solid reputation for the company This

is a meticulous job, requiring safety and urgency, necessary in connecting sea andland routes

Customs Broker :

With a staff of skilled experts in customs declaration for import and exportgoods through seaports and inland customs clearance locations, import and exportshipments will be handled safely Professional, efficient and fast Our staffs alwaysupdate new documents daily from Vietnam Customs and make sure to declare now

as well as comply with Government regulations

I.5.iii Agency

As a shipping agent, on behalf of shipping lines and operators according toGovernment procedures when ships leave port Company perform loading,unloading and freight forwarding with ships, cargo delivery and cargo handlingagency duties, Warehousing Rating procedures, fresh water supply and supplyservices Ship supplies and rank accommodation for crew members, naval directors,ship repair service,etc Shipping agents have in-depth knowledge of the local portand shipping regulations, which allows them to provide advice and assistance totheir clients on matters related to shipping and logistics

As a marine broker, company organize on behalf of charterers and shipownerscharter contracts either by time or by itineraries.Viconship Da Nang is the shippingagent of TS shipping company Lines in Da Nang

Container Loading Agent:

Viconship Da Nang provides all transportation services necessary to movegoods between Vietnam and anywhere in the world by road, sea and rail

The company has specialized container trucks capable of transporting goods inall regions of Vietnam and transporting all kinds of goods with unlimited width,size and small size The use of specialized vehicles and a team of skilled drivershave created a solid reputation for the company

I.5.iv Container Repair And Rental

Shipping containers can become damaged during transit or from normal wearand tear Container repair services provide maintenance and repair solutions fordamaged containers Repair services can include welding, patching, and repaintingdamaged areas These services help to extend the life of the containers, reduce costs

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associated with container replacement, and ensure the safe transport ofcargo.Repair, maintenance and packing to be deemed completed shall include allvehicle inspection and repair charges, total loss of mysterious cargo and otherdamages

Container rental services offer businesses the ability to rent containers forshort- or long-term use This can be a cost-effective solution for businesses thatneed temporary storage or transportation solutions Rental services can include avariety of container sizes and types, including standard dry containers, refrigeratedcontainers, and specialized containers for specific cargo types

Figure 1.7 : Container Source: From Vinconship Website on the Internet

I.6 Business Result of Central Container Joint Stock Company

I.6.i General Situation

a) World Economic Situation

The outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe hasmade the world economic picture in 2020 very gloomy Countries are assessing how

the COVID-19 pandemic will affect the world economy Although there are manydifferent views, all agree that the global economy after the pandemic will be verydifferent from before The IMF pointed out that COVID-19 is the most serioussocio-economic crisis since the second world war The severity has far surpassedthe 2008 financial crisis, even surpassing the Great Depression in the US in the1930s.

b) Climate Change Disasters

Increased frequency and intensity of weather-related natural disasters, such astropical storms, floods, heat waves, droughts and wildfires have caused damagehumanitarian damage and loss of livelihoods in many areas in recent years.Disasters can also contribute to increased cross-border migration and financialstress or additional disease burden

c) Trade Protectionism and Competition, Trade Remedies

In recent years, the number of trade protectionist measures implemented bymajor economies has increased Since the 2008 financial crisis, the world has hadmore than 4,000 new trade protectionist measures applied, including: traderemedies, tax increases, local barriers, export fee subsidies, and other measuresdiscrimination

d) Increased Adjustment of the Global Economic and Trade Structure

The WTO plays the role of the nucleus of the free international trade system,but now the global economic and trade order is being redrawn Countriescontinuously seek to promote trade cooperation through regional or inter-regionalagreements: EU and Japan Trade Agreement; Singapore - EU Trade and InvestmentProtection Agreement; UK and Korea sign a provisional trade agreement;Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP),EVFTA, ect

I.6.ii Results Business Activities 2019,2020 and 2021

the right direction and development strategy The company continues to maintainthe growth rate, sustainable development and achieve very positive results inproduction and business:

Total net revenue reached 164 VND

Total profit before tax reached 9.71 billion VND

Seaport exploitation is still the main activity accounting for a large proportion

of revenue and profit

Table 1.1: Revenue and Profit in 2019 Source: Financial Report (Viconship) in 2019

Year 2020

In 2020, the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic seriously affected the worldeconomy, the Central region, especially Da Nang, was social distancing due to theinfluence of the second outbreak, the increase in supply in sectors and fields of thesame industry leading to competition in service prices Therefore, the Board ofDirectors has taken many measures to ensure safe anti-epidemic according toregulations and ensure production and business activities

Business results in 2020 achieved are:

 Total net revenue reached: 182 billion dong

 Total profit before tax reached: 10.5 billion VND

Ground transportation is the main activity that accounts for a large proportion

of revenue and profit

Total net revenue reached VND 182 billion, up 25% compared to the plan in

2020, up 10% compared to the implementation of 2019

Total pre-tax profit reached VND 10.5 billion, an increase of 50% compared

to the plan in 2020, an increase of 8% compared to the implementation of 2019

Year 2021

Because it continues to be heavily affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, it hasbrought unprecedented challenges to the Central economy in general and theeconomy of the Central Container Joint Stock Company (Viconship) in particular.More especially is the increasingly fierce competition of units in the market

The production results in 2021 are:

Total net revenue reached: 259 billion dong

Total profit before tax reached: 17.5 billion VND

Ground transportation is the main activity that accounts for a large proportion

of revenue and profit

S1: The enterprise has a good management team with high growth rate and

business performance over the years

S2: The company holds a large market share in the port business segment

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S3: The business situation at Central Container Joint Stock Company is on the

rise due to the investment in reasonable infrastructure system, departmentalcoordination along with the development of Vietnam logistics trends andinternational

I.7.ii Weakness

W1: Not accessible to all - Due to the market situation, many factories choose

the specified delivery method, so it is difficult to provide services and not reach allcustomers

W2: External network weakness - Currently, there are still many shipping

agents offering high sea freight rates compared to many other competitors

W3: Fixed assets are still low compared to the development potential of the

shipping and warehousing industry

I.7.iii Opptunities

O1: The current selling price of used ships is low compared to 2008 which

will help businesses reduce the cost of investing in more container ships as plannedthis year

O2: With investment projects to strengthen the capacity of key business

activities, the Company will soon regain the high growth rate of over 30% of theyears before the economy recovers

O3: Warehousing and shipping industry are potential industries in Vietnam

-With a long coastline, a key position in terms of traffic in the Asia Pacific region,with a high growth rate and heavily dependent on import and export activities

O4: Logistics market development - The logistics industry gradually occupies

the development trend of the economy, affecting the development of Logisticsservices in Central Container Joint Stock Company

I.7.iv Threat

T1: Fuel prices are increasing again and are likely to rise higher in the last

months of the year Accordingly, transportation costs of enterprises will increaseagain compared to the first months of the year

T2: Vietnam's import and export of goods in 2022 is forecasted to decrease

sharply due to the epidemic problem Meanwhile, the level of competition in the

main business area increased Accordingly, businesses will face a decline in revenue

in 2022

T3: Competitor – Along with the development of Logistics, many Logistics

businesses were also born, and Viconship's competitors have gradually increasedsince then

T4: The changing needs of the customer - Many customers are not interested

in care services, but are interested in cost and price, changing the choice of theservice provider

I.8 Policies related to Employees

I.8.i Number of Employees and Average Salary for Employees

The average number of employees in the year of the Company is: 147 people.Average income: 18 million VND/person/month

I.8.ii Labor Policy Objectives to Ensure the Health, Safety and Welfare of Employees

The labor norms and wage unit prices are reviewed, adjusted and adjustedannually to suit the actual production and business Regulations on salary and bonuspayments are transparent and payment is made on time

All employees in the company have labor contracts in accordance with thelabor law and are fully entitled to the regimes in accordance with the currentprovisions of the Labor Law and allowances, bonuses, and health insurancepremiums The company implements the working regime of 6 working days/weekand 48 hours/day

I.8.iii Training Activities for Employees

The company performs well in human resources and labor recruitment,develops long-term training and human resource development plans, promptlyresponds to development needs In 2022, the Company trained and developedhuman resources according to the following contents:

Continuous learning and skills development programs to support workers withjob security and career growth

Safety

Fire prevention training for all employees

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