Summary of phd thesis development of logistics in vietnam fisheries industry

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOREIGN TRADE SUMMARY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF PHD THESIS OF LOGISTICS IN VIETNAM’S FISHERIES INDUSTRY Major: International Economics Code number: 9310106 DAO HONG VAN Hanoi — 2022 This thesis is completed at: Foreign Trade University Science instructor: Assoc Prof, Dr Vu Si Tuan Reviewer | Reviewer Reviewer The research will be protected in front of the council meeting at LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Nguyen The Kien, Dao Hong Van (2022), Ứng dụng mơ hình cấu trúc tuyến tính SEM phân tích nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển logistics nganh hải sản Việt Nam, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi Ha Thi Thanh management Vietnam, Thuy, system, Dao Hong methods: Van (2022), Application China’s experience and of fishing lessons for 1031-1047, 15th NEU-KKU International conference Socio- economic and environmental issues in development 2022 proceedings Dao Hong Van (2021), Analyzing factors affecting logistics development in Vietnam’s seafood industry by using structural equation modelling, Industry and Trade Magazine No 18, ISSN 0866- 7756 Đảo Hồng Vân (2021), Building a model of the factors affecting logistics development in Vietnam’s seafood industry by PEST analysis, Industry and Trade Magazine No 17, ISSN 0866-7756 Hong Van Dao, Van Quang Do, Thi Minh Ngoc Vu, The Kien Nguyen (2019), Analysis of the factors affecting satisfaction of the quality of seafood logistics in Vietnam, Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market Economics Vol.\ (2019) 7790, Proceedings of EDESUS 2019 Đào Hồng Vân (2015), “Nuôi trồng thuỷ sản quy mô vừa nhỏ huyện Tiền Hải, tỉnh Thái Bình - Thực trạng giải pháp”, Tap chí Cơng thương sơ 08 tháng 7+8/2015 ISSN 0866-7756 INTRODUCTION 1, Rationale of research As one of the indispensable links in the process of distributing goods, logistics plays an important role in the development of the national economy in general and the fisheries industry in particular The development of logistics means ensuring time and quality of work in production and business operations, playing a key factor in promoting the growth of the fisheries industry in ‘Vietnam The formation and development often associated with the requirements the economic development conditions same time, logistics activities have an the fisheries industry of logistics for the fisheries industry is of the fisheries industry and depends on of the localities and each region At the impact and promote the development of Goods of the fisheries industry are required fresh so that the logistics requirements in this industry are more stringent and require high service quality, especially the preservation stage Well-developed logistics will bring the ability to reduce costs, increasing competitiveness and improve seafood value, being the key to promoting and developing export activities With the advantage of natural conditions with the advantage of a coastline of 3,260km, Vietnam always considers the fisheries sector as one of the nation's key economic sectors and prioritizes development investment In 2020, the fisheries sector contributes about 3.4% of the national GDP and 24.4% of the agricultural GDP (GSO, 2020) Not only that, in the process of global integration, Vietnam are being actively participated in new generation FTA trade agreements such as EVFTA, UKVFTA This opens up great opportunities for Vietnam's fisheries industry to grow and develop To take advantage of the great opportunities brought by FTAs, to promote seafood exports and ensure a smooth product supply chain, logistics in the fisheries industry plays an extremely important role The potential in export and growth of the fisheries industry creates opportunities and urgent needs for logistics development However, in fact, seafood logistics is still developing, not commensurate with the needs and requirements of the industry Specially, in key seafood bowls in our country such as the Mekong Delta, logistics services are still limited Besides, logistics costs are always a challenge for seafood businesses Logistics costs in Vietnam are much higher than in other countries in the region, which reduces the competitive advantage in price for seafood products and is a barrier Vietnamese seafood enterprises want to achieve explosive growth break if As a result, the problem of logistics development in the fisheries industry is still many unknowns, not only businesses but also state management agencies need to pay attention Facing many new opportunities and challenges, it is necessary to recognize clearly the problem of logistics development in the fisheries industry in both theory and practice From the reasons mentioned above and the research gap, the PhD student chose the topic development in Vietnam's fisheries industry " for his thesis "Logistics Research situation 2.1 Logistics development studies 2.1.1 Approach under the macro perspective First of all, from the perspective of macro-logistics in the economy of a country and in the global economy, there have been a in recent years In which, Doan Thi Hong Van lot of studies in the world (2003) outlined the basic theories of logistics such as the concept, history of formation and development of logistics For the study of logistics development in terms of the macro economy, Worldbank has announced the Logistics Performance Index, based on criteria including: Infrastructure, Customs, Capacity, Delivery, Traceability and Time In 2007, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) also said that the performance of the logistics system is measured by four basic criteria including: costeffectiveness, convenience, and cost effectiveness convenience, reliability, and safety For research related to logistics development in Vietnam, the Japan Namura Research Institute (2002) analyzed the current situation of logistics development in Vietnam and at the same time based on the basic differences in development levels, levels openness and trade composition of East Asian countries to highlight the benefits from improved logistics services for Vietnam GS Dang Dinh Dao (2011) pointed out the shortcomings and weaknesses of the development of logistics services in Vietnam compared to other countries in the region Dinh Le Hai Ha (2013) analyzed and assessed the development status of the logistics system in Vietnam's economy in the period from 1986 environment to 2013, in terms competitive school of logistics mechanism, infrastructure and Bui Duy Linh (2018) also offered solutions to improve the competitiveness of the logistics service industry in the context of international economic integration 2.1.2 Approach under the perspective of mesothelial and micro The perspective examines and studies logistics by industry or region — geographical concentration of many related companies and organizations in same field Approaching logistics in terms of mediocrity is often studied addressed in aspects such as logistics centers and urban logistics or logistics the the and city Under micro perspective — in business operations, Ballou (2004) argues that logistics activities include all problems for managers operating in the field of import and export of goods or related to international trade activities Doan Thi Hong Van (2003) presented the content of logistics management including the concept and contents of logistics management However, the practical contents of logistics are very limited and modest, mainly stopping at the introduction level of some Vietnamese enterprises, not going into research and evaluation Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nga (2019) has conducted quantitative research, through the method of exploratory factor analysis and multivariable regression analysis, has identified factors affecting the development of logistics businesses include: (1) elements of local policy; (2) business environment factors; (3) the capital factor; (4) factors of internal capacity of enterprises In addition, there are also many doctoral theses and master theses written on logistics activities in general and each content aspect of logistics in particular within the framework of a specific enterprise 2.2 The studies related to logistics development in the fisheries industry 2.2.1 Studies on the role of logistics in the fisheries industry In the research on the fisheries industry, logistics activities play an extremely important role, a key factor determining the development and growth of the industry The fisheries industry, with its characteristics of fresh products, has set strict requirements for logistics activities, especially in the preservation stage to ensure product quality Alex and Francisco (2010) studied the cold chain in the fisheries industry through four main aspects: cold chain; cold storage; safety issues, shelf life and regulations and legislation Research results show that besides other activities in the cold chain, preservation is a key factor in ensuring the quality of seafood products Lynda (2018) offers a comprehensive look at the aquaculture industry in Scotland and highlights the logistics related problems facing the industry, and especially where these problems are may impede future growth In particular, the delay in shipping is significantly reducing the value of seafood products in Scotland In addition to improving product quality and ensuring timely delivery of orders, logistics also play an important role in promoting the growth of the fisheries industry by stimulating export activities Ho and Olsen (2013) also confirmed the importance of logistics for seafood export activities in Vietnam By examining the synthesis of barriers to export activities of seafood enterprises, including product, price, distribution, logistics and promotion Research results show that logistics barriers have a significant negative impact on the export activities of seafood enterprises From there, propose proposals to improve the quality of seafood logistics to improve export efficiency in this industry Nguyen Trong Tuan (2019) has been Emphasizing the promotion of import and export activities of seafood enterprises through supporting activities such as seaport services, warehousing, sea transportation, import and export support services through seaports, customs services From there, forecast trends and propose solutions to improve logistics efficiency, bring into full play the role of logistics in promoting seafood export growth 2.2.2 Studies on logistics development in the fisheries industry Concerning the development of transport technology, Rimmer and Franklin (1997) provides and analysises in detail various aspects of fresh fish shipping in Australia: Catching and and shipping, post-transport storage introduct and evaluate Australian aquatic products in the supply chain believes that the quality management packing before shipping, directly packing The greatest success of the study was to methods of transporting and preserving in the market Mai Thi Tuyet Nga (2010) of seafood products is improved based on the efficiency of logistics activities and the effective assurance of traceability In addition, the quality of management utilization of previously recorded data can be improved through effective Reducing logistics costs is considered a development step, contributing to increasing competitiveness for seafood businesses the fishery logistics cost structure Mutia et al (2016) analyzed in the cold supply chain in Java-island (Indonesia) to determine the ratio of logistics costs and look for activities that can be controlled From there, propose a strategy for the cold chain of fishing activities to reduce logistics costs in the industry In order to reduce logistics costs as well as shorten transportation time, Soenandi, YJuan and MBudi (2017) researched and developed logistics through optimizing the means routing for transporting seafood products of In addition, the development of logistics is also shown through studies related to improving the quality of logistics services in the fisheries industry Duong Thi Dieu (2018) pointed out the role of information in the chain of activities as well as limitations due to lack of information in the chain of activities From there, offer a solution to create a fast, efficient and timely scientific communication flow between fishermen, fish logistics service ships, service businesses and managers In general, the above studies have basically clarified the general contents of logistics development and some aspects related to logistics development in the fisheries industry in many countries However, so far, there are very few studies with full and in-depth, comprehensive aspects of logistics development in the fisheries industry in Vietnam 2.3 Research gap From the overview of domestic and international research works, it can be seen that the salient feature of most of the studies is the description, either on the current status of logistics, or on the current aquaculture industry in particular status of the fisheries suggest solutions Among and the studies on logistics, there is often a part or more of the fisheries industry, and conversely, logistics is mentioned in part or more of the topics of the fisheries industry However, the content of logistics in Vietnam's fisheries industry is not the focus of the studies Regarding the topic of logistics and logistics development of the fisheries industry in Vietnam, there has not been a comprehensive study on a large scale and fully mentioned all aspects of the development The development of logistics in the fisheries industry in Vietnam is a big problem that needs to be focused, however, it has not been paid enough attention and its development is not commensurate with its potential and advantages in theory and practice That shows that it is necessary to have a full and comprehensive macro-level study on logistics development in the fisheries industry Research objectives The overall research objective of the thesis is to propose solutions to help develop logistics in Vietnam's fisheries industry today With the above general objective, the thesis has the following research tasks: - Clarifying the theoretical basis for logistics development in the fisheries industry; - Evaluating the current situation of logistics development in Vietnam's fisheries industry; - Analysising factors affecting logistics development in the fisheries industry; - Proposing solutions to promote fisheries industry in the coming time logistics development in Vietnam's 4, Object and scope of research 4.1 Research subjects The research subject of the thesis is the development of logistics in the fisheries industry 4.2 Research scope In terms of spatial scope, the thesis focuses on research and development of logistics in the fisheries industry and logistics services in Vietnam in the field of fishing, processing and consuming seafood Regarding the time range, primary data was collected for the period 20162019 Secondary data were collected for the period 2000-2019 In terms of content, the thesis focuses on researching according to the supply chain of the fisheries industry, from fishing, to processing and distributing seafood Research methodology 5.1 research process Stage 1: Synthesize, read documents determine research objectives and plan to collect data Synthesize and read documents to determine research objectives Researcher researches, synthesizes, reads related documents, consults with instructors to determine research objectives, research tasks, research methods, and methods of data collection and processing for the thesis Secondary data Secondary data sources are collected theories relating to logistics and logistics development in the fisheries industry; the current situation of logistics development in the fisheries industry in Vietnam Secondary data is collected from reliable sources such as from Laws and Decrees of Vietnam, the annual logistics reports of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Lien Viet Bank, data from the General Statistics Office and data from the Ministry of Industry and Trade, famous magazines at home and abroad Primary data Primary data sources are collected through research students' investigations on the contents related to the thesis topic Primary data collection is done through expert method and survey method Stage 2: Collecting data Secondary data The implementation of data collection searching for soft copy documents and at collected data, the author categorizes and consistent with the research objectives and with a high degree of reliability is mainly done at the desk through the national library Based on the processes the data to ensure it is content on the basis of topical data Primary data After conducting a trial investigation and preliminary evaluation by the main tool, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient, observed variables with inappropriate correlation coefficients were excluded before conducting the official research Finally obtained the official survey consisting of 51 questions for components The primary data source was collected through a questionnaire survey for managers and employees of logistics enterprises in the fisheries industry in many localities of Vietnam Data is entered into excel software for synthesis and processing Next, cleaning the data and using SPSS 22.0 software for processing and analysis Stage 3: Analyze and finalize research results Conducting analysis by statistical analysis techniques such as: descriptive statistics, reliability testing of scales, factor discovery analysis of data analysis software SPSS 22.0 through the use After the research results were available, the author conducted in-depth interviews with 15 experts in the field of logistics and seafood to be able to make the most focused and effective proposals Finally, developing suggestions for government and businesses to promote logistics development in the fisheries industry as well as limitations and future research directions for the research area freshness 11 1.1.2.3 The roles - Fishing provides food and nutrition sources for the people - Ensuring food security, food m - Create jobs, increase income for workers -Promoting other industry industries to develop, such as the food processing - Creating aquatic products is an important source of export, bringing a large and stable source of income for the country -The fishing by ships and offshore boats also contributes to ensuring national sovereignty, ensuring national security and defense of seas and islands 1.1.3 Definition, characteristics and classification of logistics in the fisheries industry 1.1.3.1 The definition of logistics in the fisheries industry Logistics in the fisheries industry is simply understood as logistics activities serving seafood products Logistics in the fisheries industry includes a series of activities related to the process of catching and transporting fishery products from the point of exploitation to the place of consumption in order to reduce costs, limit losses and improve product quality products to better meet customer needs 1.1.3.2 Characteristics of logistics in the fisheries industry - Logistics in the fisheries industry is not a single activity, but is a series of continuous activities closely related and interact with each other - Logistics in the fishery industry is related to the movement of physical factors and other factors and resources of the production and business process - The goal of logistics in the fisheries industry is to ensure the quality, keeping the value and nutritional content of seafood products during storage and transportation to distributors and end consumers at home or abroad 12 1.1.3.3 Classification of logistics in the fisheries industry - Logistics related to seafood processing and packaging activities - Transportation — forwarding activities - Preservation activities - Cold Supply Operations 1.2 Content of logistics development in the fisheries industry 1.2.1 The definition of logistics development in the fisheries industry Logistics development in the fisheries industry can be understood as the process of effective planning, implementation, coordination among parties and controlling and facilitating the movement of aquatic products, people and vehicles and information in the fishery industry and between the fishery industry and other industries outside, in order to improve the competitiveness of the fishery industry To develop logistics in the fisheries industry, it is necessary to focus on the main contents such as: - Developing logistics infrastructure and equipment for the fisheries industry - Developing the connection of transport infrastructure in logistics serving the fisheries industry - Developing a scientific and theoretical system, promoting the application of science and technology to logistics development in the fisheries industry - Building and completing the legal corridor, logistics development policies in the fisheries industry - Developing logistics human resources in the fisheries industry 1.2.2 The role of logistics development in the fisheries industry - Developing logistics contributes to improving management efficiency, reducing costs in the process of exploitation and farming, and increases competitiveness for seafood enterprises - Developing logistics contributes to maintaining product quality in the fisheries industry, thereby improving the competitiveness of seafood 13 enterprises - Developing logistics has impact on saving and reducing costs in the circulation and distribution of goods in the fisheries industry - Logistics development contributes to promoting trade and consumption transactions in the fisheries industry Factors affecting logistics development in the fisheries industry - Policy environment factors - Market capacity factor - Human resource factor - Technology and information factors - Elements of infrastructure and equipment - Integration factor 1.4, Practical experience of some countries development in the fisheries industry on logistics and logistics 1.4.1 Experiences in logistics and logistics development in China's fisheries industry Regarding transport infrastructure and connectivity in logistics, China focuses on development and continuous improvement in its five-year development plans Not only focusing government resources on building infrastructure systems, China also encourages capable enterprises to participate in construction In terms of warehouse development, in recent years, the warehousing industry has not only focused on expanding the area and increasing fixed assets, but also focusing on applying technology solutions to improve operational efficiency Regarding logistics development policy, the Chinese government encourages foreign investment and investment of the private economy China also relaxes protectionist policies for logistics activities 1.4.2 Experiences in logistics and logistics development in Japan's fisheries industry Firstly, in terms of infrastructure investment and modernization, the Japanese government issued a series of appropriate incentive policies such as 14 reducing some adjustments, establishing affiliated organizations and providing financial assistance, allowing the privatization of the rail transit company Secondly, regarding the connection of transport infrastructure in logistics, the Japanese government drafted a complete plan outline for the logistics service industry very early in 1997, the government spent a large amount of money to connect the transport infrastructure traffic floor Thirdly, in terms of warehousing, Japan built logistics yards very early When planning the development of warehouses and equipment, the Japanese government selected suitable locations near the city's adjoining areas beside internal transport routes and major arterial roads to build logistics Fourthly, developing investment in technology developing electronic data information technology modernization, interchange data for logistics digitization, (EDI) systems, is through investment global in positioning systems (GPS) One of the prominent applications of information technology is home delivery service covering the entire territory 1.4.3 Experience fisheries industry in logistics and logistics development in Singapore's Singapore has persistently implemented a strategy of developing perfect infrastructure, building an ideal business environment with the aim of becoming a leading logistics center, research and development center in the world Investing heavily in information technology through upgrading the information technology system in order to automate the system of exchanging commercial and legal information between participants in the logistics chain Singapore always focuses on the quality of human resources through scholarships or research grants for students, cooperating actively with research and training units to find optimal solutions for the industry 15 CHAPTER DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF LOGISTICS IN VIETNAM'S FISHING INDUSTRY 2.1 Development status of Vietnam's fisheries industry 2.1.1 The status of seafood production in Vietnam Vietnam's seafood production has grown steadily in recent decades with an average growth rate of 9.07% per year In which, farming activities also continuously grew at an average rate of 12.77%/year However, fishing activities have not been improved and the production of caught fishery has increased quite low compared to aquaculture 2.1.2 The current situation of Vietnam's seafood exports Vietnam's seafood exports have made great strides since 1995 one of the five largest seafood exporters in the world, playing a providing global seafood resources In which, regarding the Vietnam's seafood exports, shrimp and pangasius are the two main the total seafood export value and the three main export markets are US and Japan and become key role in structure of segments in Europe, the 2.2 Current status of logistics development in Vietnam's fisheries industry 2.2.1 Current status of Vietnam's fisheries industry logistics infrastructure development serving 2.2.1.1 Transport methods for logistics in the fisheries industry - Roads have been invested to improve and develop strongly in the past 10 years With many projects and works being implemented, the whole country has a total road length of about 595,125 km, of which national roads (national highways and expressways) are 25,484km However, although occurs, the quality of the pavement has improved, damage still - Water transport has developed rapidly in recent years Vietnam currently has 32 shipping routes, including 25 international shipping routes and domestic shipping routes Seaports have played a good role as a hub for goods trade in recent years, but most of the ports are small and medium sized and lack container ports - Air transport has grown from airport infrastructure to fleet and route network in the last 10 years However, due to the impact of the Covid- 19 pandemic, in 2020 and 2021, there will be a decrease in passenger 16 transport output but an increase in investment in vehicle infrastructure for freight transport 2.2.2 The current situation of information logistics serving Vietnam's fisheries industry technology The application of information technology many important milestones: development in to logistics has experienced - In 2015, declare administrative procedures on National Portal One - In 2019, using e-invoices instead of paper invoices - Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has created an impetus for logistics businesses to apply many information technology applications and digital transformation in their operations 2.2.3 The current situation of developing legal and policy corridors for logistics related to Vietnam's fisheries industry 2.2.3.1 The innovation in logistics policy in general has an impact on logistics in the fisheries industry Policies to promote economic recovery and development in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic is to create opportunities for recovery and development for logistics in general and logistics in the fisheries industry in particular 2.2.3.2 Policies on logistics development in the fisheries industry A series of policies have been approved and implemented such as the project to promote the export of agricultural, forestry and fishery products until 2030, the fisheries development policy, Investment policies to support logistics services in the fisheries industry for essential infrastructure items of fishing ports, anchorage areas to avoid storms, etc However, these policies are still inconsistent and have many shortcomings 2.2.4 The current situation of human logistics in Vietnam's fisheries industry resource development working in There is a shortage in both quantity and quality of human resources in logistics in general and logistics in the fisheries industry in particular 2.3 Evaluation of some factors affecting logistics development in the fisheries industry by quantitative analysis method 2.3.1 Factors to the development of logistics in the fisheries industry There are factors that have a great influence on logistics development in the fisheries industry: 17